A liberdade de expressão e a liberdade de imprensa são valores que, mesmo consagrados formalmente como direitos universais do Homem, continuam a ser objecto de vivas controvérsias. Entre a tradição de não intervenção das autoridades públicas iniciada com a aprovação da Primeira Emenda da Constituição dos Estados Unidos e a defesa da necessidade do olho vigilante de entidades reguladoras, são também duas escolas de pensamento que se confrontam. Num tempo em que as empresas de media tradicionais enfrentam enormes dificuldades e desafios, importa defender o jornalismo profissional e independente, até porque este desempenha um papel central no equilíbrio dos sistemas de pesos e contrapesos e de governo limitado que caracterizam as democracias modernas.
What does the freedom of expression that Portuguese law enshrines mean? What are their limits?
Freedom of expression and information is one of the rights, privileges and guarantees enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic and also receives protection in most international and European legal instruments in the field of human rights. This freedom integrates the right to freely express and disseminate word's thought, image or any other means, as well as the right to inform, to inform and to be told, without any discrimination, impediment or limitation - namely by any censorship.
The Constitution has a set of provisions that complete the regulation of this fundamental freedom, through specific rules regarding freedom of the press and the media (including the establishment of an independent administrative entity that ensures these freedoms). And the provision of some particular rights of expression and information: the rights to broadcast, reply and political reply.
Despite the enormous relevance that they assume in any rule of law, fundamental as they are for the healthy development of public life in its various spheres, these rights and freedoms have their natural limits, which stem from other rights equally protected by the Constitution. Thus, freedom of expression ceases when it translates into an unjustified offence to another person's moral integrity, right name or honour. The Constitution guarantees everyone a right to reply and rectify, as the compensation's power for any damage that may have suffered.