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On Arithmetic and Geometry: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of EPISTLES 1 & 2

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The Ikhwan al-Safa' (Brethren of Purity), the anonymous adepts of a tenth-century esoteric fraternity based in Basra and Baghdad, hold an eminent position in the history of science and philosophy in Islam due to the wide reception and assimilation of their monumental encyclopaedia, the Rasa 'il Ikhwan al-Safa' (Epistles of the Brethren of Purity). The fifty-two epistles offer synoptic accounts of the classical sciences of the age, treating themes in mathematics, logic, natural philosophy, psychology, metaphysics, and theology, in addition to didactic fables. The Rasa 'il constitutes a paradigmatic legacy in the canonization of philosophy and the sciences in mediaeval Islamic civilization, and has also shown a permeating influence in Western culture.
This volume is the fifth of the series, consisting of the first critical edition of the Rasa 'il in its original Arabic, complete with the fully annotated English translation. Prepared by Dr Nader El-Bizri, Epistles 1 and 2 (on arithmetic and geometry) present technical and epistemic analyses of mathematical concepts and their metaphysical underpinnings, in terms of investigating the properties of numbers and of geometric magnitudes, based primarily on the traditions of Nicomachus of Geresa and of Euclid as interpreted by the Ikhwan. With a Pythagorean construal of the ultimate principles of mathematics within the symbolic order of mysticism, and inspired by their own ontological outlook on the articles of faith in Islam, the Ikhwan view arithmetic and geometry through a monotheistic spiritual lens. This informed their treatment of mathematical knowledge, in pedagogic and heuristic terms, as part of the essential disciplines of the quadrivium, which aimed at preparing novices to study logic, then sciences of nature and the soul, before graduating to the lofty topics of theology and metaphysics. The volume also provides an overview of the mathematical sciences within the Islamic intellectual milieu, and of the tenth-century urban culture of Mesopotamian and Syrian locales.

400 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2012

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إخوان الصفا

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إخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا هم جماعة من فلاسفة المسلمين العرب من أهل القرن الثالث الهجري ولعاشر الميلادي بالبصرة اتحدوا على أن يوفقوا بين العقائد الإسلامية والحقائق الفلسفية المعروفة في ذلك العهد فكتبوا في ذلك خمسين مقالة سموها"تحف إخوان الصفا".وهنالك كتاب آخر ألفه الحكيم المجريطي القرطبي المتوفى سنة 395هـ وضعه على نمط تحفة إخوان الصفا وسماه "رسائل إخوان الصفا".

إنبثقت جماعة إخوان الصفا تحت تأثير الفكر الإسماعيلي في البصرة في النصف الثاني من القرن الرابع الهجري وكانت اهتمامات هذه الجماعة متنوعة وتمتد من العلم والرياضيات إلى الفلك السياسة وقاموا بكتابة فلسفتهم عن طريق 52 رسالة مشهورة ذاع صيتها حتى في الأندلس. ويعتبر البعض هذه الرسائل بمثابة موسوعة للعلوم الفلسفية. كان الهدف المعلن من هذه الحركة "التظافر للسعي إلى سعادة النفس عن طريق العلوم التي تطهر النفس". من الأسماء المشهورة في هذه الحركة كانت أبو سليمان محمد بن مشير البستي المشهور بالمقدسي، وأبو الحسن علي ابن هارون الزنجاني [1].

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