This study shows the important literary influence of the Latin Vulgate version of the Song of Songs through the Roman Catholic liturgy. Analyses range from patristic (Origen), mediaeval (S. Bernard, Guillaume de Saint-Thierry), baroque (Bossuet) and modern (Renan) exegesis to original literary production, such as Claude Hopil's poetry, Balzac's novel The Lily of the Valley, or Claudel's drama. The book is divided into three sections, examining isolated verses from the Song of Songs and the various literary genres issued from the biblical poem. The irreducible mystery of the poem, beyond explanation and imitation, remains nevertheless intact. French text.