The performance of a computer is a complicated issue and a function of many interrelated quantities. These quantities the application, the language, the implementation, the compiler, the architecture, and the hardware characteristics. The usual method to evaluate the performance is to compose a benchmark of programs. This book presents a useful overview on benchmarking. Over twenty experts contributed papers on five important topics concerning benchmarking advanced scientific computer taxonomy and performance metrics, well-known standard and application benchmarks, compiler benchmarks for parallel computers, and benchmarks for database systems.