I found this book interesting, and I believe I will find it useful. While the book is dedicated to techniques for determining the performance of algorithms in various situations and with various inputs, much of the logic should also apply to what you might call "black box" performance problems, such as the behavior of a query in a DBMS.
The book says right off that it assumes the reader has some undergraduate computer science experience, and I did find my (41 year-old!) computer science degree helpful, but if you have some familiarity with Big O, Omega, and Theta notation and are reasonably comfortable with basic statistics, you should be OK with this book. Most of it is about logic, algorithms and coding, and only the last part of chapter 3 (What to Measure) and the last two chapters (Creating Analysis-Friendly Data and Data Analysis) are particularly math-heavy.
This is a very practical book, clearly by someone who has spent time in the trenches with her hands deep in the guts of the code, and has practical advice. Perhaps there is a little too much emphasis on the use of random inputs, but there is encouragement for use of real world data as well (in my experience real world data is often more surprising, and thus dangerous, then random data).
The book is (as of the time of this review) 10 years past its publication date, and it shows it when dealing with concurrency. It admits to the difficulties involved in dealing with algorithm experiments involving multicore systems, but doesn't go into any detail. There is no mention of other forms of concurrent algorithms , such as algorithms that run on GPUs or algorithms for running in distributed processing environments (such as Map/Reduce). And none of the special issues of developing algorithms for the cloud are discussed (including the lovely cases where the costs of the algorithm you're concerned with are in cash!).
The book is fairly language agnostic (although there is no discussion of garbage collection); code snippets are sketched a C-like pseudo code form that anyone with any experience of any Algol-descended language should have no problem following.