The chapters of this book were originally given has the Hodges Lectures in Knoxville in 1982 and explore the use of apposition in formulaic word phrasing and the opposing word meanings used in the Old English poem Beowulf. Robinson's lectures were a high point in Beowulf scholarship and represent a combination of Tolkien's advocation for literary interpretation of the poem and the application of interpretive methods used by the New Historicism school.
Apposition is defined be Wikipedia as a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify the other in a different way. This feature is common throughout North Western medieval literature, particularly Germanic and more in particular Heroic epic. The feature can be seen in the Old High German Hildebrandslied: Hadubrant gimahalta, Hiltibrantes sunu and tot ist Hiltibrant, Heribrantes suno. Careful examination of the Old Icelandic Poetic Edda also reveals numerous occurrences of apposition throughout the collection: Guðrún Gjúka borin (Hamðismál) but the technique finds its fullest expression in Old English poetic texts and Beowulf: Béowulf maþelode bearn Ecgþéowes, Hiorogár cyning léod Scyldunga and on numerous other occasions. Also explored is how certain word meanings could have opposing meanings if the poem was heard by a Christian or an Anglo Saxon that could still remember England's pagan past or even a pagan Anglo Norse settler.
A wonderful little booklet that was my generations Monsters and The Critics.
This slim volume is clearly designed for readers far more familiar with Beowulf and Old English than I am. (I took Intro to OE several years ago, and last read Beowulf in translation earlier than that.)
That said, here are my take-aways: 1. The Beowulf poet was deliberately using/invoking dual senses of certain words: a modern (often specifically Christian) meaning and a historical or etymological meaning (often specifically pagan). 2. References to drinking probably resonate with older traditions of swearing loyalty to the lord by accepting the cup. 3. References to boars probably resonate with older traditions of the boar as a trusted supernatural protector. 4. Apposition, broadly understood, can appear both in grammar/syntax and in concurrent dual meanings.
And now I'm thinking of Benedick in Much Ado: "there's a double meaning in that"!