Correspondence In Relation To The Proposed Inter-Oceanic Canal Between The Atlantic And Pacific Oceans, The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty And The Monroe Doctrine
""Correspondence In Relation To The Proposed Inter-Oceanic Canal Between The Atlantic And Pacific Oceans, The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty And The Monroe Doctrine"" is a historical book written by Rutherford B. Hayes in 1885. The book is a collection of official documents and letters exchanged between the United States and other nations regarding the construction of an inter-oceanic canal that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The book covers the period from 1849 to 1885, during which time the United States negotiated with Great Britain, France, and other nations to secure the rights to build the canal. The negotiations were complicated by the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850, which required that any canal built in Central America be open to all nations. The book also examines the role of the Monroe Doctrine in shaping American foreign policy towards the canal project.The book is an important resource for anyone interested in the history of American foreign policy and the development of international law. It provides a detailed account of the negotiations and debates that shaped the construction of the Panama Canal and the role of the United States in the Western Hemisphere. The book is written in a clear and concise style, making it accessible to both scholars and general readers.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.
Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th President of the United States (1877–81). As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, became city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain; he earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of major general. After the war, he served in the U.S. Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for Governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872, and then to a third term, from 1876 to 1877.
In 1876, Hayes was elected president in one of the most contentious elections in national history. He lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden but he won an intensely disputed electoral college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes's election and Hayes ended all U.S. military involvement in Southern politics.
Hayes believed in meritocratic government, equal treatment without regard to race, and improvement through education. He ordered federal troops to crush the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. He implemented modest civil service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the Bland–Allison Act, which would have put silver money into circulation and raised prices, insisting that maintenance of the gold standard was essential to economic recovery. His policy toward Western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887.
Hayes kept his pledge not to run for re-election, retired to his home in Ohio, and became an advocate of social and educational reform. Biographer Ari Hoogenboom says his greatest achievement was to restore popular faith in the presidency and to reverse the deterioration of executive power that had set in after Abraham Lincoln's death. Although supporters have praised his commitment to civil service reform and defense of civil rights, Hayes is generally listed among the bottom half in historians' rankings of U.S. presidents.