Un combattant à l'Élysée Député à vingt-cinq ans, premier socialiste à recevoir un portefeuille ministériel, ministre de la Guerre en 1914, représentant du Gouvernement dans l'Alsace redevenue française, président du Conseil puis président de la République en 1920, Alexandre Millerand a mené sa carrière politique à la vitesse " d'un boulet de canon ", selon l'expression de son camarade Viviani. Pourtant, malgré une œuvre incontestable de pionnier, il est aujourd'hui le grand oublié du roman national, à la différence de ses amis, Clemenceau, Poincaré, Briand ou Jaurès. L'engagement de celui qui s'illustra comme un des premiers adversaires de Boulanger et un défenseur de Dreyfus a été mal compris. Dépassé à gauche alors qu'il défend l'idéal républicain et un socialisme du gouvernement, il l'est aussi à droite, son patriotisme ayant été largement utilisé et manipulé par l'extrême droite. Son idéal de gouvernement au centre est rejeté par les partis politiques, qui le chassent brutalement du pouvoir en 1924, le précipitant dans une retraite volontaire de vingt années. Grâce à l'exploitation d'archives inédites, Jean-Philippe Dumas retrace le parcours de cet homme politique tout entier d'exigence et de refus du compromis. À travers le regard toujours vif de celui-ci, il relit l'histoire de la Troisième République, mais surtout fait revivre une pensée essentielle sur la France, la République et la nation. À l'heure où les thèmes mis en avant par Millerand, la laïcité, le patriotisme, la modernisation des institutions, mais aussi le paritarisme, sont au cœur des débats qui passionnent la société française, il est plus que jamais nécessaire de faire appel à l'expérience d'un homme qui a conduit le pays aux moments les plus dramatiques de son histoire.
While being quite an important figure in French politics, especially during the turbulent era of World War I and the interwar years, Alexandre Millerand is a bit forgotten today. And his career is definitely worth a look: A politician since the age of 25, he's been an important figure in the formation of French socialism, he's been the first socialist state secretary in France, he was minister of war in the early days of the First World War, responsable for the reintegration of Alsace-Lorraine into the Third Republic after the war and even president from 1920-1924. So this new biography wants to shed some light on this man's life.
Unfortunately, the author is a very big fan of Millerand and has nothing but praise for him. He was just great at everything: knew everything, knew the right measures etc. It's not only getting boring after a while, it is also that type of great (white) men type of history that I thought we had all agreed to not do anymore. These judgements are also quite questionable if you take a look at complicated fields of policy, like the reintegration of Alsace-Lorraine (with the seperatist movement of the 1920s absolutely disagreeing with French reintegration measures) or the French mandate in Syria (with an uprising in 1926). Part of the reason for this strange perspective may lie in the fact the author heavily relies on Millernads unpublished memoirs that he wrote at the end of his life without once questioning that it is a interpretation created in retrospect by a very public figure and therefore certainly streamlined.
While Millerand's life might be a perfect entry point to write about the developments of France from the late 19th century to the Second World War, Dumas is not interested in any of that. There are no larger questions or contexts debated in the book. He even keeps historical contexts to a VERY basic minimum, so it might be difficult to follow for people without previous knowledge. He just retells the life of Millerand as a politician an advocat and a privat person step by step. Nothing more, nothing less. To his credit, he goes into a lot of details where you can see that he did a lot of research on Millerand's life. I also liked that he made it very clear where he relied on the work of other biographers (something not that common in academia).
Still, if you're not super interested in Millerand as a person, you can leave that one out.