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  <title><![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]></title>
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  <description><![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]></description>
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        <name><![CDATA[David Ball]]></name>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
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    <rating>4</rating>
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  <date_added>Sat Nov 22 17:14:50 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Nov 22 17:17:44 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[As dramatic theory and literature falls by the wayside in my lifetime, this lens through which to view plays is among the easiest, yet most insightful, ways to really understand the ins and outs of drama.  Start at the end, word to the beginning, and find the forwards that lead into the meaning and ...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/38411189">more...</a>]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/38411189]]></url>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
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  <read_at>Tue Sep 01 00:00:00 -0700 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Fri Sep 25 12:33:18 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Sep 25 12:39:03 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I found this book to be so helpful as an actor, director and playwright! It gave me confidence in script analysis that I never had before, even after two degrees and years of studying scripts. Very concise and thought provoking. My copy is almost all underlined. ]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/72471400]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/72471400]]></link>
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      <review>
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    <name><![CDATA[Linera]]></name>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173410096m/284938.jpg</image_url>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Aug 06 10:18:06 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Aug 06 10:19:27 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Although written expressly for reading plays, this is very helpful for revision of any kind. And quite short. Pithy, even. And Mr. Ball really knows his Hamlet. (From one who also knows her Hamlet.)]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/66433040]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/66433040]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
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    <name><![CDATA[Len]]></name>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
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  <read_at>Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 -0800 2006</read_at>
  <date_added>Wed Jan 07 19:16:29 -0800 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Wed Jan 07 19:17:20 -0800 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[designed for theatre directors, there are lots of things screen directors can learn and stuff that helps clarify what a script should be.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/42294866]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/42294866]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
  <id>75621878</id>
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    <id>2339046</id>
    <name><![CDATA[Mark]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Lander, WY]]></location>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
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  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>1</votes>
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  <date_added>Sat Oct 24 17:28:33 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Oct 24 17:28:56 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[An excellent analysis of how to read and write drama--very useful indeed.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/75621878]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/75621878]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
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    <id>2359722</id>
    <name><![CDATA[Derek]]></name>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
  </title>
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  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173410096s/284938.jpg</small_image_url>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>5</rating>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Jun 04 07:47:58 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Jun 04 07:48:21 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[One of the most useful books for play analysis I have encountered.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/58407438]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/58407438]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
  </title>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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          </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Dec 06 22:46:20 -0800 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Dec 06 22:51:34 -0800 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[David Ball is a little full of himself, but this book was really helpful when I was working around technical problems regarding the play I'm writing. It provides many many pointers regarding what makes a play work technically, without narrowing the possibilities of what a play can look like (and so,...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/10074969">more...</a>]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/10074969]]></url>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173410096m/284938.jpg</image_url>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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          </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[Theatre artists and filmmakers]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[Kate Buckley (part of assigned class reading)]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Wed Aug 13 00:00:00 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Aug 12 07:37:28 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Mon Aug 18 12:01:39 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Although Ball spends the first couple of chapters relating to the reader in eye-rollingly dry and pompous British detail his or her misconceptions about reading plays, when he gets into the nuts and bolts of what makes drama work, I pretty much realized he's right. Essential reading for anyone in th...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/29932151">more...</a>]]></body>
    
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
  </title>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[writers in general, playwrights specifically]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Thu Nov 01 00:00:00 -0700 2007</read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Dec 11 08:48:54 -0800 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Dec 11 08:52:13 -0800 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Although this book was written for actors and directors, I thought it was really insightful for how stories are constructed. Chapter five in particular talks about how people only speak when they want something. I thought this was great advice for any writer. Everything you write has to be because o...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/10265502">more...</a>]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/10265502]]></url>
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      <review>
  <id>68142559</id>
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    <id>2080394</id>
    <name><![CDATA[Justin ]]></name>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
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  <read_at>Fri Sep 18 00:00:00 -0700 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Wed Aug 19 22:40:42 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Sep 18 00:00:50 -0700 2009</date_updated>
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    <body><![CDATA[Simple, easy to follow breakdown of how plays are constructed.  It's a great introduction to the basic mechanics, although more advanced students will probably hunger for more details.  ]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/68142559]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/68142559]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
  <id>11598108</id>
    <user>
    <id>739941</id>
    <name><![CDATA[Cinderfox]]></name>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173410096m/284938.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173410096s/284938.jpg</small_image_url>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Jan 03 20:39:08 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Mon Jan 07 15:35:53 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This is not only a fabulous book on how to read a script, it's a fabulous book on how to write a script.  Simple, easy to do, easy to understand, and it uses my all-time favourite play as it's running example.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/11598108]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/11598108]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
  <id>46480262</id>
    <user>
    <id>1550273</id>
    <name><![CDATA[Staci]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Oakland, CA]]></location>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173410096s/284938.jpg</small_image_url>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>2</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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          </shelves>
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  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 -0700 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Sun Feb 15 21:03:32 -0800 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Wed Oct 21 20:26:31 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Starts off well, covering topics pretty thoroughly and then drops off as the book goes on; some of the last chapters have only two paragraphs.  Would have been more helpful if it had gone into more depth.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/46480262]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/46480262]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>112</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;This guide to playreading for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather then contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Ball developed his method during his work as Literary Director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, motivation/obstacle/conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. He includes guides for discovering what the playwright considers the play&#8217;s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Using <em>Hamlet</em> as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for illustrating script-reading techniques as well as examples of the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) <em>Backwards and Forwards</em> is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright. <br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
  <published>1983</published>
</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
  <shelves>
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          </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[Michael Burnham, Asst. Professor of Drama, UC-CCM]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Wed Aug 01 00:00:00 -0700 2007</read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Jun 24 04:44:50 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Jun 24 04:47:53 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[A good, concise, albeit a bit harsh on the average reader, manual for reading and analyzing plays. Highly recommended for anyone involved in theater.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/25287918]]></url>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/25287918]]></link>
</review>
      <review>
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    <name><![CDATA[John]]></name>
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    <![CDATA[Backwards &amp; Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays]]>
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    <body><![CDATA[For those who have read this it needs no description.  For everyone else, fuck you. ]]></body>
    
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    <body><![CDATA[Hamlet, backwards. So you can write a play, forwards.]]></body>
    
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    <body><![CDATA[rereading this after about 6 years away from it.]]></body>
    
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