One day, an official order was given for foreign nationals “of the Jewish race” to be “interned in camps,” “in assigned residence.” The wording was brief, terse. And vague. Why should they be interned in camps? And for what purpose? There were rumors of departures for Germany “to work there,” but with no further clarification. In the orders, foreign and unemployed Jews were said to be “surplus to the national economy.” And so they would serve as labor in the land of the conquerors.

