Both inside black holes and at the big bang, the macroworld of gravity truly merges with the microworld of atoms and particles. Under these extreme conditions, Einstein’s relativity theory of gravity and quantum theory had better work together. Except they don’t, and this is widely viewed as one of the biggest unsolved problems in physics. For example, both theories embody a radically different view of causality and determinism. Whereas Einstein’s theory adheres to the old determinism of Newton and Laplace, quantum theory contains a fundamental element of uncertainty and randomness and retains
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