Observership draws the past more firmly into existence, but it doesn’t transmit information back in time. In Wheeler’s cosmic-scale version of the delayed-choice experiment, turning our telescopes on or off in the twenty-first century doesn’t affect the motion of photons billions of years ago. Quantum cosmology doesn’t deny that the past has happened; rather it refines what it means “to happen” and, especially, what can—and what cannot—be said about the past.
