The United States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom also went after Russia’s defense industry. They banned the export of dual-use goods—anything that might be used for both military and civilian purposes. The United States tried to disrupt Russian defense supply chains by imposing sanctions on defense companies, on defense research organizations, and on other defense-related entities. It sought to starve Putin’s military-industrial complex of critical components. These included aircraft parts: navigation systems, meteorological locators, and smoke detectors. For Russian consumers,
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