The U.S.-China trade and tech wars that began in 2017 and escalated in the 2020s will rage on indefinitely. These new “forever wars” may not involve military combat, but both countries will deploy every nonmilitary weapon in their coercive arsenals—tariffs, investment restrictions, technology embargos, financial sanctions, visa restrictions, and cyber espionage—to expand their respective spheres and to weaken the rival’s economy.
