In other words, it’s a very light dressing of a material that contains scarcely any nutrients. It’s hard to believe that this thin gruel could make much difference. But it’s the revolutionary shift that has transformed his business. Tolly has kept meticulous records throughout his thirty-three years on the farm. They show that soon after he started adding the chip, the fertility of his soil soared. In the past five years, his yields had roughly doubled. How? No one really knows.

