During his inaugural address as governor of California, Ronald Reagan declared, “We accept without reservation our obligation to help the aged, disabled, and those unfortunates who, through no fault of their own, must depend on their fellow man.”7 And during a 2012 speech to the National Urban League, Barack Obama declared that young people in disadvantaged communities need to stop hanging out and start doing homework, because “America says, ‘we will give you opportunity, but you’ve got to earn your success.’”8
