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by
Iwona Abrams
Read between
February 10 - February 15, 2022
Creeping breakthroughs are best studied with the Butterfly effect of chaos theory.
To be productive, inventions must have co-inventions,
Cities have changed from ordered, controllable entities to untamed and untameable environments.
Our image of cities has changed from the positivist, humanist and Marxist-structuralist city of modernity to the ever-changing, chaotic city of postmodernism.
Nothing is stable, nothing is true, and nothing matters for very long.
"If change is here to stay, then no change is here to stay." Erhan Berber
Michael Batty, Professor of Spatial Analysis and Planning at the University of London, is a pioneer in the field of “fractal cities”.
Scientific Safety Until quite recently, people associated science with two goals – knowledge and power. It would eliminate superstition, ignorance, disease and poverty. But we are now becoming aware of the price to be paid for this simplistic view of nature. The achievements of science that were made in terms of this view were great, but one-sided.
Both from chaos theory and from our experience of the environment, we have a new understanding. When even deterministic systems cannot be predicted, uncertainty becomes a major concern. So now there is a third great goal for science: safety.
The new chaos-based understanding of nature requires a new notion of the appropriate form of scientific practice. This new practice of science is called “post-normal” science.
in a world dominated by chaos, we are far removed from the securities of traditional practice. In many important cases, we do not know, and we cannot know, what will happen, or whether our system is safe. We confront issues where facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent. The only way forward is to recognize that this is where we are at. In the relevant sciences, the style of discourse can no longer be demonstration, as from empirical data to true conclusions. Rather, it must be dialogue, recognizing uncertainty value-commitments, and a plurality of legitimate
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In post-normal science, Quality replaces Truth as the organizing principle.
In the heuristic phase space of post-normal science, no particular partial view can encompass the whole.
Post-normal science accepts the legitimacy of different perspectives and value-commitment from all those stakeholders around the table on a policy issue.
“extended peer community”
“extended facts”, including their own personal experience, surveys, and scientific information that otherwise might not have been in the public domain.
In this way, the scientific system will become a useful input to novel forms of policy-making and governance.
fractals as an art form for centuries. The Indian craftsmen can draw this famous Kolam
durrees
aquifers
