Another example of something similar was described by McElwee
(2009). He uses what he calls Participation Preparation Assignments that
students work on before class. The PPAs are distributed at the end of
the previous class and must be completed for the following class. The
actual activities vary in format, from explaining a portion of the reading assignment in their own words to applying the reading content to a
scenario appropriate to the topic. In the class period when these are due,
the students spend some time working together in groups comparing
their assignments and then
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