At the heart of the Protestant movement are the five solae, particularly sola fide and sola Scriptura (more on these two doctrines in a bit). Additionally, other doctrines have (with few exceptions) united the various historic Protestant traditions, such as belief in two sacraments, the priesthood of all believers, a shorter Old Testament canon, church discipline as a mark of the church, an emphasis on preaching in worship, a celebration of lay participation in communion in both kinds (both bread and wine), an affirmation of the right of clergy to marry, and many other points.

