Ultimately, Turretin reversed the charge of novelty against the Catholics. Listing as examples the veneration of images, the supreme authority of the pope in both temporal and spiritual matters, transubstantiation, purgatory, and communion in only one kind, he argued that “it could easily be shown both that they were unknown to the apostolic and primitive church and were introduced afterwards at various times and so are novel and more recent.”34 Turretin sketched out a timeframe for the development of each of these doctrines, highlighting when they fully blossomed in the medieval period.
