In terms of per capita income, Clark estimated that Germany enjoyed a standard of living that was half that of the United States and at least a third lower than that prevailing in Britain. Drawing on work done in the last thirty years we can make these figures comparable not only across space but also across time.5 In late-twentieth-century terms, German per capita national income in 1935 came to roughly $4,500, as compared to the current per capita income of Germany of around $20,000. In today’s league table of economic development, the Third Reich would rank alongside South Africa, Iran and
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