Early in the morning of 30 June 1934, in the Munich resort of Bad Wiessee, he ordered the arrest and later the execution of the most senior leaders of the SA. In Berlin, meanwhile, Goebbels and Goering dealt with the ‘reactionaries’. SS men stormed the offices of Vice-Chancellor Papen and gunned down his secretary. The rest of Papen’s staff were arrested. Papen himself was only spared because of

