But the remarkable fact was that, when masters and grandmasters were shown other chessboards with the same numbers of pieces arranged at random. their abilities to reconstruct the boards were only marginally better than the duffers’ with the boards from actual games, while the duffers performed as well or poorly as they had before.
this seems to relate to general sense that skill breeds literacy. reading chess boards as you'd read text or a drawing.
prev ref to chunks seems to resonate here. recognise structures. data structure is compressed/compressible

