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How to Understand and Apply the New Testament: Twelve Steps from Exegesis to Theology

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In the New Testament, the good news of God's plan of salvation shines forth. The richness of these Scriptures rewards any level of studybut there are particular ways such study can be done well.
In his easy-to-understand guide to New Testament exegesis, Andrew Naselli explains and illustrates each step of a logical twelve-stage interpretive process that can be used with benefit by pastors, scholars, teachers, and laypeople. Move from genre to textual criticism, take Greek grammar and literary context into account, and journey through the passage all the way to practical application. Learn how to track an author's thought-flow, grasp the text's message, and apply the ancient Word in this modern world, all in light of Christ's redeeming work. Then plunge into Naselli's recommended resources to go further in your studies every step of the way.

384 pages, Hardcover

Published March 3, 2017

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About the author

Andrew David Naselli

42 books104 followers
Andrew David Naselli (PhD, Bob Jones University; PhD, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is associate professor of New Testament and theology at Bethlehem College & Seminary in Minneapolis, Minnesota and an elder of Bethlehem Baptist Church.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 35 reviews
Profile Image for H.b. Charles.
86 reviews314 followers
August 30, 2022
Andrew Naselli has produced an excellent introduction and clear overview of New Testament exegesis and theology. New Bible preachers and teachers should work through it to get the basics of how to understand NT text accurately and teach them clearly. Seasons preachers/teachers will find this work a refreshing reminder of what you have already learned and long-practiced. Technical when it needs to be; enjoyable readable throughout. Highly recommend it!
Profile Image for Andrew.
51 reviews8 followers
March 3, 2018
Wow. An excellent resource for learning to handle God’s Word carefully and responsibly. Besides the Greek grammar chapter (which went way over my head) everything was easy enough to follow. This is by design and you DON’T have to be in seminary to greatly benefit from it.

His 12 (overlapping and integrating) steps for understanding and applying the NT are the 12 chapters of the book:
Genre
Textual Criticism
Translation
Greek Grammar
Argument Diagram
Historical-Cultural Context
Literary Context
Word Studies
Biblical Theology
Historical Theology
Systematic Theology
Practical Theology

The chapters are broken up in ways that makes the book even user-friendly. It’s also full of helpful illustrations, charts, diagrams, and rich examples for each step.
The Argument Diagram and Biblical Theology chapters were clutch for me.
Profile Image for Josh.
1,395 reviews30 followers
June 6, 2017
Very helpful overall. I found the companion volume on the Old Testament slightly better, but that's both a matter of personal preference (I love the Old Testament) and the greater amount of work required to correctly understand and apply the Old Testament to the New Testament Christian. Both volumes a remarkable contributions.
Profile Image for Anthony Ingram.
41 reviews
October 1, 2023
Should be on every pastor’s/student’s shelf. Amazing introduction to exegesis and theology. A bit long at times, but if this was the first book I’ve ever read for exegesis/reading the Bible, I would love it. This book should be the textbook of any class on exegesis. It perfectly lays out what each step is and how to do exegesis and move from exegesis to theology (which most people struggle with) as well as providing helpful tools for further study.

My only qualm is that he does diss textual criticism for being boring. Which is fair… I guess. But in all seriousness, amazing book.
Profile Image for Isaac Erickson.
21 reviews
April 16, 2024
A decent introduction on how to faithfully work through the Biblical text. Unlike the title says, this book didn’t feel specifically tailored to the NT.

Also, it is very clear which theological camp Naselli finds himself in. If you tend towards Piper, Keller, Carson, you will find much camaraderie with this book. If you have some disagreements with them you will likely notice those as well.
Profile Image for Barbara Harper.
843 reviews43 followers
June 8, 2019
I had several reasons for getting How to Understand and Apply the New Testament by Andrew David Naselli. I very much enjoyed his book about the conscience. We attended the same church (though several years apart) in SC (in fact, I’m pretty sure I knew his wife and her parents when she was a little girl). He has respect for two men from that church whose exposition I trust more than anyone else’s. And the book I am writing discusses understanding and applying the Bible, among other things, so I wanted to use this book as a reference.

As I perused the table of contents and flipped through several pages, however, I wondered if perhaps I was in over my head. But I gleaned much that was beneficial for this average suburban homemaker. Even when the author used terms unfamiliar to me, he explained them in a way that was easy to understand.

Naselli starts by explaining the difference between exegesis — drawing the meaning out of the text — and eisegesis — reading meaning into a text. And of course we want to do the former: we want to understand what God said and meant in His Word, not project our own thoughts onto it.

Naselli then details several ways to exegete a text. First you have to consider the genre. For example, poetry has different characteristics from the law and prophecy, etc. Then he advocates comparing the manuscripts or copies of the original text, studying Greek grammar, and comparing translations. He shows different ways to trace the process of thought through a passage. He advocates studying any passage both in its historical and cultural context as well as its literary context (how it fits within the particular book of the Bible). He recommends word studies to help understand words and phrases in the text more clearly. Then he considers different theological aspects: biblical theology, how the passage relates to the Bible and its progression as a whole; historical theology, how Bible scholars have understood the passage through history; systematic theology, how a passage fits into the teaching of the rest of the Bible; and practical theology, how to apply the text to ourselves and others. He devotes a chapter to each of these topics. He doesn’t check all of these off as a list each time he studies, but they each factor into his study to varying degrees.

Admittedly, some of this is beyond many of us. Most Christians don’t study Greek or know how to navigate textual criticism (although he explains textual criticism very well). We rely on a good study Bible to help us out with some of these categories. Nevertheless, there were good points to consider in every chapter. And Naselli ends every chapter with a list of resources for further study and commentary on each one, like which he considers the best, which is more scholarly and which is more accessible, etc. And, as he notes in the chapter about Greek grammar, “at the very least, this chapter can help you better appreciate grammatical issues that interpreters wrestle with” (p. 82). That applies to some of these others issues as well and should motivate us to pray for our pastors, and for ourselves, as we study.

Though I have myriad places marked, one of my biggest takeaways from this book was what he calls argument diagram: not an argument as in a fight, but as in a debate: discerning the line of thought in a passage. We tend to read isolated passages rather than tracing the flow all through a given book and within particular passages. As he says:

The New Testament is not a list of unrelated bullet points. It’s not pearls on a string. No, the New Testament authors argue. They assert truths and support those truths with reasons and evidence. They attempt to persuade others to share their views. Their arguments are always profound and sometimes complex. Connectives such as but, therefore, and because can be hugely important to understanding what an author is arguing. Tracing the argument is not dull. It makes your heart sing” (p. 123).


The last thought he pulls from a letter of C. S. Lewis, in which Lewis speaks of studying

. . . the general drift of whole epistles: short passages, treated devotionally, are of course another matter. And yet the distinction is not, for me, quite a happy one. Devotion is best raised when we intend something else. At least that is my experience. Sit down to meditate devotionally on a single verse, and nothing happens. Hammer your way through a continued argument, just as you would in a profane writer, and the heart will sometimes sing unbidden (p. 123, from The Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis).


Naselli then explains and provides examples of several ways of tracing an argument through a passage: arcing, bracketing, and phrasing. I had never heard of any of these, but they all look beneficial. Phrasing appeals to me the most.

A few quotes that stood out to me:

The Bible doesn’t contradict itself. So a sound principle is that we should interpret less clear passages in light of more clear passages. We shouldn’t zoom in on just one text and interpret it without reference to the rest of the Bible. That’s what heretics do (p. 16).

Don’t view English Bible translations as a competition–in which you choose one as the best and then look down on the rest as inferior in quality. Good Bible translations are incredibly helpful resources, and English readers should benefit from more than one of them. It’s both-and, not either-or (p. 60).

Grammar matters because God chose to reveal himself to us with grammar (p. 82).

Sometimes a New Testament author may write a command to prevent an error rather than to counteract a present error. When you see a command or prohibition in a text, you shouldn’t automatically assume that this reflects a present problem in the church that the author addressed (p. 172).

The beautiful thing about the Bible is that it never gets old. You can read it every day and make connections that you hadn’t made before (or remind yourself of details and connections you had forgotten!). It’s a special book–a book like no other, a book God himself wrote. And we have the pleasure of reading it at this time of salvation history: Jesus the Messiah has come, and he is coming back to consummate his rule. So read every part of the Bible in light of the whole (p. 239).

Christ-centered teaching and preaching is not eisegesis. It’s exegesis that requires biblical theology. It doesn’t creatively make stuff up to imaginatively get to Jesus. It follows themes and trajectories that are right there in the text if God gives you eyes to see them. And when you do see them, you worship God for his wisdom. He breathed out Scripture through individual men who didn’t always understand every nuance of typological trajectories to which they were contributing. And the entire finished product brilliantly coheres (p. 238).

I have no patience for suggestions that preachers need to dumb it down. Preachers need to be clear, and they need to be able to explain things in understandable ways. But human beings do not need the Bible to be dumbed down. If you think that, what you really think is that God the Holy Spirit did not know what He was doing when He inspired the Bible to be the way it is. Not only does the suggestion that the Bible is more than God’s people can handle blaspheme God’s wisdom; it also blasphemes His image bearers. People are made in the image of God. Human beings are endowed with brains and sensibilities of astonishing capacity (p. 258, from a quote from James M. Hamilton Jr.’s Text Driven Preaching: God’s Word at the Heart of Every Sermon).


As you can surmise, this is not a cozy, warm fuzzy type of book. It’s more of a “gird up the loins of your mind” book. But that’s exactly what the Bible tells us to do. And, as the author quotes B. B. Warfield as saying, “pitting doctrine against devotion is a false dichotomy because God intends them to go together” (p. 9). He quotes Warfield further from “Spiritual Culture in Theological Seminary”:

I have heard it said that some men love theology more than they love God. Do not let it be possible to say that of you. Love theology, of course: but love theology for no other reason than that it is THEOLOGY–the knowledge of God–and because it is your meat and drink to know God, to know him truly, and as far as it is given to mortals, to know him whole (p. 10).
Profile Image for Jordan Shirkman.
252 reviews41 followers
April 24, 2017
This book looks like a textbook and is organized like one too, but I've never enjoyed reading a "textbook" so much.

Naselli does a wonderful job of writing so that anyone can understand, but providing plenty of examples, questions, and exercises that readers well-acquainted with studying the New Testament would appreciate this book. There's some Greek, but (almost) always beside an English translation. Don't let that turn you away.

It's clear, well-organized and full of engaging antidotes and even enough Harry Potter (gasp!) references to make 1990s Christian parents burn the book posthaste.

The bibliography at the end of each chapter is worth the price alone. My only quibble is how much Zondervan and D. A. Carson paid for the near constant name drops and references.

Overall an excellent introductory and intermediate resource for studying the Word—not to master it but to be mastered by it.
Profile Image for Dann Zinke.
168 reviews
February 27, 2022
Really top-notch - well written, excellent content, biblically rooted, engaging, and a good resource for years to come
Profile Image for Daniel.
144 reviews1 follower
November 23, 2022
In the book How to Understand and Apply the New Testament: Twelve Steps from Exegesis to Theology by Andrew David Naselli, we are presented with a resource that seeks to help Bible students become more disciplined in the handling of God’s Word. This work will challenge the reader to become more focused and refined as they seek to understand the Bible and communicate the truths, therein, with those around them. Due to the limits of our summary, we will look at a brief description of each chapter and then expound on chapters five, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve, because the reader found them to be quite helpful. As one looking to grow in the discipline of interpretation, Naselli has provided a helpful tool that would benefit serious Bible students.
In chapter one Naselli explains the importance of genre and how to identify what genre is being used by the author. Chapter two reminds the reader of the importance of textual criticism and how to effectively use text critical tools. Naselli devotes chapter three to explain the importance of working through your own translation of the Greek text and comparing that translation to quality English translations. Chapter four is a helpful summary of Greek grammar. In chapter five Naselli introduces the reader to arcing, bracketing, and phrasing as helpful tools in preparing an argument diagram. He demonstrates the importance of the historical-cultural context in chapter six. In chapter seven Naselli explains the importance of literary context, helpfully describing it as the role it plays within the context of the book being studied. Chapter eight is dedicated to word studies and how to approach them in a way that is faithful to the authors intended use. Chapters nine through twelve are written to explain how to use different categories of theology (Biblical, Historical, Systematic, and Practical) to help one better understand and interpret the Bible. Naselli closes the book with two helpful appendices. Appendix A is helpful in recommending tools to assist the reader in organizing his personal library. Appendix B suggest a method to assist in memorizing large portions of Scripture.
In chapter five Naselli introduces the reader to arcing, bracketing, and phrasing. He also reminds the reader about the importance of sentence diagraming and propositions. Naselli’s list of seventeen logical reasons for connections of propositions is like Schreiner’s, and equally helpful. Naselli’s explanation and introduction of phrasing diagrams has been a most helpful introduction to me. In this style of diagramming, you list the main proposition then indent each subpoint under the proposition. He lists eight steps to making it a useful tool, but also does not discount sentence diagramming, arcing, and bracketing. Reminding the reader that each tool has its usefulness.
The final four chapters all deal with the use of the different categories of theology and how they can be applied to what the student has learned in their exegesis. Biblical theology allows the student to place the theology in the whole of the Bible’s story line. Historical theology allows the interpreter to gain insight from theologians throughout church history. Systematic theology aids the interpreter in putting order to the theological truths presented within Scripture. Practical theology seeks to help the interpreter bring the text to bear on himself and the church today. These four chapters have been useful in helping to clarify, in my mind, the usefulness of these theologies, but also have given a clear warning about the dangers of relying too much on these theologies.
Naselli’s work is recommended for all who seek to become better interpreters of God’s Word. It has challenged me to become more disciplined and refined as I engage the Word for preaching, teaching, Bible studies, and devotionals. Naselli reminds the exegete that we need to spend time thinking on the Word deeply should serve as a great challenge to all readers.
Profile Image for Christopher Humphrey .
280 reviews12 followers
December 24, 2019
“How to Understand and Apply the Old Testament: Twelve Steps from Exegesis to Theology “ by Jason S. DeRouchie is a seminary level textbook that is useful for anyone who is interested in interpreting, understanding and applying the Old Testament. This textbook is a step-by-step guide for the exegete who must “rightly divide the Word of Truth.”

Having at least 2 semesters of Hebrew is a necessity to gain much from this text. It is not that DeRouchie is obtuse; rather, the subject matter is such that having a working knowledge of Hebrew is extremely helpful.

I am glad I purchased this book. Even though I read it cover to cover, I truly believe the true value of this book will manifest itself over time as I use this text as a reference manual for a Old Testament study. I expect this book will probably become a standard Old Testament textbook in seminary and rightly so. DeRouchie has produced a real winner. Happy reading!
Profile Image for Will O'kelley.
279 reviews2 followers
December 4, 2018
I’ve had the joy of sitting under Dr. Naselli’s instruction as a seminary student. I love this book. Dr. Naselli writes in such a clear manner, while covering essential principles for doing solid Biblical exegesis. It’s one I will come back to repeatedly, even if it’s just to ransack the (fantastic) annotated reference lists at the end of each chapter for further study. I would recommend this book for any serious student of theology, or simply any friend of mine who wants to grow in their knowledge of God. 
Profile Image for John Brackbill.
274 reviews
August 30, 2023
This is a goldmine. I don't agree with all his theological positions, but this is a trustworthy and engaging way of walking the reading through 12 steps from exegesis to theology. Many many missteps will be avoided if someone reads this early on in their journey of studying the NT. Even the examples that he gives are loaded with good teaching and edifying content. The most technical chapters are on Greek Grammar and Argument Diagram, but even if someone skipped that and read the rest of the book, they will not be short changed on the price they paid for the book.
Profile Image for Kyle Grindberg.
376 reviews29 followers
December 16, 2020
Pretty good overall, the Biblical theology chapter was the best (no surprise there, given his passion for that).

The translation philosophy chapter was the worst, he has a big chip on his shoulder about the NASB and the KJV, something I'm beginning to realize is the sine qua non for being a recovering-fundamentalist.
Profile Image for Bryan Counts.
65 reviews1 follower
May 25, 2024
Maybe my favorite book of seminary so far. Takes everything learned in Greek I-III and puts it in digestible, understandable, and practical terms. Reinforced and clarified much of what we talked about in class. I love its approachability and practical focus: its goal is to glorify God and be a tool to help others love Jesus more through proper study of his Word. What could be better?
Profile Image for Stuart Turton.
61 reviews6 followers
July 9, 2020
I love this book. Wish I had read it before starting Bible college. This book will help you write NT exegetical papers. But more importantly, it will help your sermon and other word prep work greatly.
5 reviews3 followers
January 2, 2021
An excellent introductory understanding of modern critiques of the Bible. I am not a fan of modern critiquing techniques but it does help to know how people are getting to the conclusions they are making about the Bible.
77 reviews1 follower
December 1, 2018
One of the most helpful resources I've read in a while. Clear, concise, practical. Pastors and laypeople alike would greatly benefit from this book.
Profile Image for Courtney.
383 reviews4 followers
February 17, 2019
A helpful starting place in translating biblical texts. A step higher than a lay-leader but this would be fascinating to do with a church group or study if done within community.
Profile Image for John Muriango.
151 reviews14 followers
December 28, 2019
Highly encourage all to read if you want to have a proper grasp and understanding of what the Bible says, in this situation, the New Testament.
4 reviews11 followers
April 3, 2024
This is a pretty good guide to NT Exegesis. There is a Reformed bias, which I thought might be helped by a more inclusive Evangelical representation in the examples and quotes.
Profile Image for Christian.
81 reviews2 followers
April 7, 2024
Great book for an undergrad class but largely redundant for me at this point. Good to reference I suppose
Profile Image for Brian Frick.
35 reviews2 followers
September 1, 2024
Very good intro to biblical interpretation! It can get into the weeds with chapters on textual criticism and Greek language grammar which I would not consider intro topics.
Profile Image for Jonathan.
241 reviews11 followers
November 7, 2024
Solid refresher on basic exegesis. Other books say each section better, but I’m not aware of any books that put it all in one cover as well as Naselli.
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