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Open the Social Sciences: Report of the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences

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Concerned about the worldwide state of the social sciences―the relations among the disciplines, and their relationship with both the humanities and the natural sciences―the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, based in Lisbon, established in 1993 the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences. It comprised a distinguished international group of scholars―six from the social sciences, two from the natural sciences, and two from the humanities. The report first explores how social science was historically constructed as a form of knowledge and why it was divided into a specific set of relatively standard disciplines in a process that went on between the late eighteenth century and 1945. It then reveals the ways in which world developments since 1945 have raised questions about this intellectual division of labor and have therefore reopened the issues of organizational structuring that had been put into place in the previous period. The report goes on to elucidate a series of basic intellectual questions about which there has been much recent debate. Finally, it discusses in what ways the social sciences can be intelligently restructured in the light of this history and the recent debates.

128 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1996

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About the author

Immanuel Wallerstein

209 books343 followers
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein was a scholar of politics, sociologist, historical social scientist, and world-systems analyst. His bimonthly commentaries on world affairs were syndicated.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews
Profile Image for Bersu Özer.
53 reviews
May 4, 2015
Her gün 1 sayfa okuyarak 100 günde bitirirseniz daha faydalı olacağı kesin, her paragrafında beyin yakan kitap. Önemli yerlerin altını çizmeye kalkmayın, bir bakıyorsunuz tüm sayfa çizilmiş, arada 2 cümle kalmış sonra ayıp olmasın diye onu da çiziyorsunuz. Bir zorunuz, zorunluluğunuz yoksa okumayın bence
Profile Image for Isabella.
189 reviews11 followers
February 21, 2018
Tuve que hacer unos mil ensayos con este libro, por eso le doy 3 estrellas, por todo el estrés que generó en mi vida.
Profile Image for alternBRUNO°°.
410 reviews13 followers
October 22, 2019
Este libro contiene 114 páginas y constituye un ejemplo magnífico de cómo se puede ser claro en la complejidad sin recurrir a la metáfora constante, la saturación de citas o aludir a una parafernalia de palabras sin ton ni son para ocupar espacio.

Su objetivo parece sencillo en su formulación, aunque la empresa parece bastante arriesgada, pero la comisión Gulbenkian para la reestructuración de las ciencias sociales lo logra con creces. ¿Qué podemos esperar de las ciencias sociales actualmente? En cuatro capítulos toma forma el desarrollo histórico de las disciplinas que se pueden considerar parte de las ciencias sociales con su debida distinción entre lo nomotético y lo idiográfico (capítulo 1), los debates que se fueron gestando a partir de 1945 y sus repercusiones en todas las estructuras académicas aunque con especial énfasis en las ciencias sociales (capítulo 2) y qué tipo de ciencia social se puede considerar actualmente si se pretende que sea fructífera y provechosa tanto en su estructura organizativa como en sus temas a trabajar (capítulo 3). El último capítulo son las conclusiones y recomendaciones por parte de la comisión para abordar el problema de las ciencias sociales y las disciplinas que les acaecen y tienen que ver con los administrativos, los académicos, los estudiantes y los programas así como las instituciones imperantes.

Es un librito de bolsillo necesario para cualquier economista, sociólogo, politólogo, antropólogo, historiador, psicólogo social o cualquiera que se embarque en alguna disciplina afín o aledaña al mundo social. Sin las piruetas teóricas o las acrobacias conceptuales puede considerarse una pieza clave para no repetir epistemologías, no revolcarse en añejas metodologías o no tratar de revivir viejos debates con ánimo de arqueólogo sino más bien como una mirada fresca sobre los problemas que actualmente atraviesan la mayoría de las disciplinas en materia social. Tampoco estaría demás que los estudiosos de las ciencias naturales y las humanidades le dieran un ojo para hacer un examen minucioso de su disciplina y su trayectoria.
Profile Image for Cărăşălu.
239 reviews76 followers
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March 22, 2017
A short report of a group of social scientists about the past, present and future of the social sciences. The first parts, which deal with the history of sociology, history, anthropology, economics and so on, are pretty interesting. They tell how these divisions between academic disciplines came to be and then how and why they were challenged after WW2. The reports turns too political in the second half: if you need to read one more time why diversity and interdisciplinarity is good and how old paradigms must be updated and refreshed and bla bla bla, then enjoy. Ponies and unicorns. Although by the end of the last chapter, the authors do give a series of actual practical advice for the academic restructuring of social sciences which is pretty good.
Profile Image for James Millikan.
206 reviews29 followers
November 18, 2018
A clear, concise, and convincing history of the social sciences from the 1700s to the present. Wallerstein and his coauthors elegantly explain the factors that have shaped the behavioral sciences and masterfully contextualize these disciplines in relation to each other and in relation to the natural sciences and humanities.

The book shows restraint in its documentation, which makes it an engaging read, but perhaps would leave advanced students of the social sciences, history, or philosophy of science wanting more suggested readings.

As the authors notes, there is a danger in viewing a field of study, especially the social sciences, as objective and timeless; this book is a helpful reminder of why research findings should be examined critically. Recommended.
Profile Image for Muhammed Nijim.
104 reviews14 followers
April 10, 2016
I advice any one willing to read this book to roll up his/her sleeves and prepare a high deal concentration. Besides, readers should read 5 pages at most at once or maybe less :D. Otherwise, you would not be able to continue because you are gonna face a complex philosophy and a number of difficult concepts that you need to stop by and understand what they really mean. That method would ease your mission in reading this very good book that would definitely help you understand the very beginning of various sciences and how social science stemmed from Philosophy and the evolution of social sciences along the 19th and 20th century. Good luck.
Profile Image for Isabella Villegas Correa.
107 reviews24 followers
May 16, 2021
Wallerstein enunció, en 1995, algunas observaciones sobre la transformación de las Ciencias Sociales desde su institucionalización y algunas recomendaciones para la consolidación de estas transformaciones en la consolidación de un conocimiento más complejo. Leyéndolo en 2021 siento que aún no logramos esas estructuraciones diferentes, pero también siento su impulso imparable.
Profile Image for beyduck.
37 reviews
November 17, 2020
kaliteli bir kaynak kitap fakat çeviri okuma zevkini oldukça baltalıyor diyebilirim. bunun yanında çevirmenin bilindik bir feminist olmasına rağmen bilimci veya bilim insani yerine surekli bilim adamı ifadesini kullanmasına bir anlam veremedim. 3.5 bu arada.
Profile Image for Nursena Pancar.
76 reviews7 followers
January 16, 2021
evrensel değeri olan iki kültür sosyal bilimler ve doğa bilimlerinin nasıl birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğunu ve nasıl ayrıldığını, disiplinler ve disiplinler arası çalışmaların özellikle üniversite kurumunun değerini sorgulayıcı ve tarihi bir bakış açısıyla anlatan muazzam bir eser.
Profile Image for Brenda Ortiz Zúñiga.
22 reviews2 followers
August 26, 2021
Una narrativa clara, para explicar las problemáticas de la composición de ciencia social. Tanto porque Estados Unidos se dio lugar a reestructurar las divisiones de conocimiento. Las implicaciones eurocentristas, machistas, racistas y burguesas, de los conocimientos aceptados.
Profile Image for Ekin Aksu.
62 reviews16 followers
December 30, 2021
Kitap cidden ağır, somut örnekler çok az var, o yüzden denileni anlamak için ya bu konuda bilgi sahibi olmak gerekiyor ya da felsefe kitabı okur gibi çok yavaş okuyup üzerinde düşünmek gerekiyor. Özet yapasım gelmişti ama çok üşendim, sonlara doğru da biraz sıktı açıkçası.
Profile Image for Ali.
92 reviews23 followers
September 29, 2018
Sosyal bilimlere ilgisi olan herkese Wallerstein'ı öneriyorum. Kitap Wallerstein liderliğinde çalışan Gulbenkian Komisyonunun güzel bir çalışması.
Profile Image for Miriam.
125 reviews11 followers
February 24, 2019
Wallerstein no tiene idea de lo que está hablando. No lo digo yo, lo dice la ciencia (social)
Profile Image for merve.
9 reviews2 followers
March 19, 2022
Sosyal bilimlerin dünü, bugünü ve yarınını anlayabilmek için okuması keyifli bir kitap.
Profile Image for Sıla Selin.
17 reviews1 follower
October 5, 2022
"Bilginin sosyal olarak kurulmuş olması gerçeği, daha geçerli bilgiye ulaşmanın da ancak sosyal olarak mümkün olduğu anlamına gelir."
Profile Image for Yiğit.
37 reviews1 follower
October 16, 2022
Sosyal bilimlerin oluşumu ve evrensellik, metodolojik ve nesnellik sorunlarına dair çok güzel bir inceleme. Bu disiplinlerde çalışan ve dahi ilgisi olan herkesin okuması gerekiyor.
Profile Image for Alexa.
165 reviews38 followers
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March 9, 2023
one of my thousand uni readings 🫠
Profile Image for Korhan Kalabalık.
42 reviews6 followers
August 5, 2016
Sosyal bilimlerle ilgili, özellikle bu alanda öğrencilik, araştırmacılık ve akademisyenlik yapan bireylerin okuması ve istifade etmesi gereken bir kitap. Zira sosyal bilimler kavramının nasıl oluştuğu, hangi evrelerden geçtiği, nelerin sosyal bilimlere dahil olduğu ya da olmadığı konuları ışığında sosyal bilimlerin girmiş olduğu bunalımı aşma ve akademide de yaşanan resesyon ve belki de gerileme süreçlerinin ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik önerilerin bulunduğu bu rapor, Türkiye'yi de yakından ilgilendiren ve içinde bulunulan çıkmazlara bir nebze ışık tutabilecek bir nitelikte.
Profile Image for Cris Álvarez.
79 reviews1 follower
January 5, 2025
Las ciencias sociales, como hijas de la modernidad, fueron desde un inicio criadas por la misma para legitimar sus dos más grandes proyectos; el Estado-nación y el capitalismo. Ahora maduras, las vemos lentamente emanciparse de esa tarea.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews

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