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Twilight of the Idols

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Twilight of the Idols presents a vivid, compressed overview of many of Nietzsche’s mature ideas, including his attack on Plato’s Socrates and on the Platonic legacy in Western philosophy and culture. Polt provides a trustworthy rendering of Nietzsche’s text in contemporary American English, complete with notes prepared by the translator and Tracy Strong. An authoritative Introduction by Strong makes this an outstanding edition.

128 pages, Paperback

First published January 24, 1889

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About the author

Friedrich Nietzsche

2,168 books20k followers
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (Ph.D., Philology, Leipzig University, 1869) was a German philosopher of the late 19th century who challenged the foundations of Christianity and traditional morality. He was interested in the enhancement of individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and the realities of the world we live in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. Central to his philosophy is the idea of “life-affirmation,” which involves a questioning of all doctrines that drain life's expansive energies, however socially prevalent those views might be. Often referred to as one of the first existentialist philosophers along with Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855).

From the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

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Profile Image for Ahmad Sharabiani.
9,566 reviews56k followers
May 6, 2022
Götzen-Dämmerung oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophirt = How to Philosophize with a Hammer = Twilight of the Idols, Friedrich Nietzsche

Twilight of the Idols, or, How to Philosophize with a Hammer is a book by Friedrich Nietzsche, written in 1888, and published in 1889. Twilight of the Idols was written in just over a week, between 26 August and 3 September 1888, while Nietzsche was on holiday in Sils Maria of Switzerland. As Nietzsche's fame and popularity were spreading both inside and outside Germany, he felt that he needed a text that would serve as a short introduction to his work. Originally titled A Psychologist's Idleness, it was renamed Twilight of the Idols or How to Philosophize with a Hammer.

The book is divided into twelve sections:
Foreword,
Maxims and Arrows,
The Problem of Socrates,
Reason in Philosophy,
How the "True World" Finally Became Fiction,
Morality as Anti-Nature,
The Four Great Errors,
The 'Improvers' of Mankind,
What the Germans Lack,
Skirmishes of an Untimely Man,
What I Owe to the Ancients,
and The Hammer Speaks.

عنوانهای چاپ شده در ایران: «شامگاه بتان»؛ «غروب بتان: یا، چگونه میتوان با پتک فلسفه نگاشت»؛ «غروب بت ها، یا فلسفیدن با پتک؛»؛ نویسنده: فریدریش ویلهلم نیچه؛ تاریخ نخستین خوانش: سال1999میلادی

عنوان: شامگاه بتان؛ نویسنده: فریدریش ویلهلم نیچه؛ مترجم: عبدالعلی دستغیب؛ اصفهان، پرسش، سال1376؛ در177ص؛ شابک9649045325؛ موضوع: فلسفه از نویسندگان و فیلسوفان آلمان - سده19م

عنوان: غروب بتان: یا، چگونه میتوان با پتک فلسفه نگاشت؛ مترجم: مسعود انصاری؛ با نوشتاری از عبدالرحمن بدوی؛ تهران، نشر جامی، سال1381؛ در199ص؛ شابک ایکس-964746813؛ چاپ دوم سال1384؛ چاپ سوم سال1386؛ چاپ چهارم سال1388، شابک9789647468138؛ چاپ پنجم سال1390؛ چاپ ششم سال1395؛

عنوان: غروب بت ها، یا فلسفیدن با پتک؛ نویسنده: فریدریش ویلهلم نیچه؛ مترجم داریوش آشوری؛ تهران، نشر آگاه، سال1381؛ در181ص؛ شابک9643290395؛ چاپ دوم سال1382؛ چاپ سوم سال1384؛ چاپ چهارم سال1386؛ چاپ دیگر تهران، نشر آگه، سال1386؛ در183ص؛ شابک9789643290399؛ چاپ پنجم سال1387؛ چاپ ششم سال1388؛ چاپ هفتم سال1390؛ چاپ هشتم سال1392؛ چاپ نهم سال1393؛ چاپ دهم سال1394؛ چاپ دوازدهم سال1396؛ چاپ سیزدهم سال1397؛

برگردان عنوان اصلی این «گرگ و میش بتان» است؛ چکیده‌ ای‌ از همگی دیدگاه‌های اساسی فلسفی «نیچه» است؛ ایشان در این کتاب با زبانی بسیار فشرده، تبرِ «بت‌ شکنی» خویش را، بر همگی «بت»های دیرینه و نو، کلاسیک و مدرن، می‌کوبند، و به بنیادهایِ متافیزیکِ میراثِ «افلاطون» و «سقراط» و «یونانیّت»، تا بازسازی‌هایِ مدرنِ فلسفه ی غرب، بویژه به فلسفیدن توانای «کانت»، یورش می‌برند، و میتازند

تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 16/04/1399هجری خورشیدی؛ 15/02/1401هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی
Profile Image for فرشاد.
150 reviews302 followers
October 28, 2016
این نوشتار کوتاه، با آهنگی شادمانه و فجیع، دیوی است که می‌خندد و در بین کتاب‌های نیچه یک استثنا محسوب می‌شود و هیچ کتابی غنی‌تر و شرورانه‌تر از آن نیست. معنی “بت“ در عنوان کتاب همان است که تاکنون "حقیقت" نامیده شده است. غروب بتان به بیان ساده، یعنی که حقیقت‌های کهن پایان می‌پذیرد.
غروب، در این‌جا یک مفهوم تسلی‌بخش و مایه دلداری است و نیچه با طرح مفهوم غروب بت‌ها، ما را به یاد ابراهیم و ماجرای‌ش با بت‌ها می‌اندازد. این کتاب، البته یک اعلان جنگ است که مبادا به بت‌های تازه هم، گوش فرا دهیم.

نکته‌ای پیرامون این کتاب، ترجمه بسیار زننده آن است. کتاب در مجموع قابل فهم نیست، آمیزه‌ای از لغات عربی و واژگان پارسی از یادرفته و جمله‌بندی ناقص و پیچیده. با احترام به شادروان مسعود انصاری، می‌توان گفت که ایشان تقریبا اثر را ویران کرده‌اند. آن‌گونه که اگر کسی نیچه را با این ترجمه آغاز کند، به تعبیر فِراست، خود را در یک مزرعه ویران، تنها و شکست‌خورده می‌یابد.
Profile Image for Ahmad  Ebaid.
281 reviews1,984 followers
October 16, 2017
description

خذوا بالكم من الترجمات قبل كل كتاب, دوّروا على كل الترجمات المتاحة واسألوا عنها, وقارنوها إذا كان متاح لكم هذا

لأنك إذا وقعت في ترجمة سيئة مثل هذه الترجمة من الكتاب "ترجمة:حسان بورقية-محمد الناجي" هتتعب كتير وهتضيع وقت أكتر في فهم ألفاظ غير متناسقة

وهذا فضلاً عن إن هذه الترجمة -بعنوان"أفول الأصنام"- ناقصة النص تقريبا

الترجمة الأكبر والأفضل بشهادة البعض لـ"علي مصباح" بعنوان "غسق الأوثان" صادرة عن دار الجمل 2010, وهي الوحيدة المترجمة عن الألمانية مباشرة, 176 صفحة عكس الترجمة الثانية 100 بس !!


**
الكتاب يبدأ ببضع تويتات -من التي يُتحفنا بها الأستاذ أحمد خالد توفيق في كتبه-, تحت اسم حكم إشراقية

ثم فصل بعنوان "مشكلة سقراط", مهاجمه لأفكار وشخص سقراط

وفصول عن العقل في الفلسفة, وكيف تم استخدمه لتبرير وجود عالم منفصل, ومن ثم تبرير الأخلاق المطلقة, وهو ما أفسد عالمنا

وفصل عن ما سمي بعدها بـ80 سنة, بالمنطق الغير الصوري. يتناول فيه أربع مغالطات منطقية عن العلّية مرتبطة بالفصول السابقة

ثم فصل عن مدّعين إصلاح الإنسانية, وأشياء يفتقر إليه الألمان, فلا يخفى على أحد أن النازية بنيت على أرء نيتشه القومية, حد أنه عندما قابل هتلر موسوليني أهداه الأعمال الكاملة لنيتشه في تجليد أنيق !

والفصل الأخير في نسختي من الترجمة, وهو عبارة عن إهانات لكل من لا يحبهم من الفلاسفة

ثم فصلان ونصف موجودان فقط في ترجمة "علي مصباح", سأقيّمهم حال قراءتهم في المدى البعيد
Profile Image for David.
161 reviews1,426 followers
July 11, 2012
Well, I really wanted to philosophize with a hammer, but I said to myself, 'Who the heck will show me how?' As quickly as the word 'how' fell from my lips into the limitless void, I heard a motorized scooter being fired up and approaching at an alarming speed. (Alarming for a motorized scooter, anyway.) I turned around in my fluorescent yellow booth at Subway, where I was busy 'enjoying' a Veggie Delite [sic], only to see a deranged-looking man with enough mustache for the entire cast of a 1970s gay porn film piloting his scooter directly for me! He collided with my shin and shouted like a man reciting from an eye chart across a large gymnasium, 'Did! Someone! Say!—' But then his scooter abruptly shifted into whirlybird gear and he started spinning in circles repeatedly while he grunted and tried to locate the off switch. It was very undignified. I pretended I hadn't noticed by dabbing at my mouth with my napkin and looking out the window distractedly. Eventually he got the the scooter under control, but now he was faced in the wrong direction. This didn't stop him though. 'Did! Someone! Say! Philosophize! With a hammer!' I coughed a little—to indicate I was behind him. He sighed dramatically and slumped further in his seat before turning the scooter on again. In lurches and spasms, he finally managed to turn the thing around so he was facing me. It was then that I noticed he had mustard in his mustache. 'Did! Someone! Say!—' Timidly I lifted my hand a little (like a man volunteering for the front line) and said squeakily, 'Guilty!' And then without warning he lifted his hand in the air, as if triumphantly, and brought it down sharply against my cheek. The man had apparently bitch-slapped me. But I was far too shocked to be offended. I started stammering idiotically. It felt like Catholic school all over again. 'But—but—I only wanted to—!' At this he shook his head and seemed too disgusted to look at me. 'Insipid as Hegel! Every one of you!' Then he shifted angrily into gear, drove back to his table, and resumed eating his Cold Cut Combo. I tried to act casual and finish my Veggie Delite [sic], but every bite tasted of his bitter contempt. I wasn't sure if he had just refused to teach me to philosophize with a hammer or whether that had been the lesson.

For more of my informative reflections on Nietzsche, why don't you visit my darling little blog? It's sexy and delicious.
109 reviews
July 28, 2011
Can you imagine how much fun Nietzsche must have been at parties?

Guest No. 1: Wow, these deviled eggs are delicious.
Freddy: The devil is a creation of the ultimate mishap upon humankind, and this egg is a desecration of the fruit of the first instinct.

Guest No. 2: Great music, huh?
Fred: I hate it.

And so on.

Obviously, Nietzsche had a titanic mind, and while his immoralisim is in direct conflict with my personal worldview, many of his ideas remain profound a century and a half later. That he declares this his immodest intention should come as no surprise by the time you read this declaration in the last part of the book.
Profile Image for Kevin.
477 reviews71 followers
December 5, 2022
Originally titled “A Psychologist at Leisure,” Nietzsche pummels popular 19th century ideology and icons with exuberance; wielding his denunciations not like a surgeon with a scalpel, but rather like a lumberjack with an axe.

• Nietzsche on theologians:

“Fancy humanity having to take the brain diseases of morbid cobweb-spinners seriously! - And it has paid dearly for having done so.”

“...we recognize no more radical opponents than the theologians, who with their notion of ‘a moral order of things’ still continue to pollute the innocence of Becoming with punishment and guilt. Christianity is the metaphysics of the hangman.”

• Nietzsche on linguistics:

“‘Reason’ in language! - oh what a deceptive old witch it has been! I fear we shall never be rid of God, so long as we still believe in grammar.”

• Nietzsche on the concept of free will:

“...we know only too well what it is - the most egregious theological trick that has ever existed for the purpose of making mankind ‘responsible’ in a theological manner - that is to say, to make mankind dependent upon theologians.”

“The doctrine of the will was invented principally for the purpose of punishment - that is to say, with the intention of tracing guilt. The whole of ancient psychology, or the psychology of the will, is the outcome of the fact that its originators, who were the priests at the head of ancient communities, wanted to create for themselves a right to administer punishments - or the right for God to do so.”

• Nietzsche on Kant:

“The German has no fingers for delicate nuances. The fact that the people of Germany have actually tolerated their philosophers, more particularly that most deformed cripple of ideas that has ever existed - the great Kant - gives no inadequate notion of their native elegance.”

“I bear the Germans a grudge for having made a mistake about Kant and his ‘backstairs philosophy,’ as I call it. Such a man was not the type of intellectual uprightness.”

It’s not all smash & dash. Nietzsche has many good things to say about Hegel, Heinrich Heine, and Schopenhauer; saving his most glowing accolades for Goethe...

“He bore the strongest instincts of this century in his breast: its sentimentality, and idolatry of nature, its anti-historic, idealistic, unreal, and revolutionary spirit”

“...far from liberating himself from life, [Goethe] plunged right into it; he did not give in; he took as much as he could on his own shoulders, and into his heart.”

Nietzsche goes on to call Kant the “antipodes” of Goethe (the Nietzer never squanders an opportunity to kick Kant squarely in the proverbial balls!)

Twilight of the Idols is a hammer to the clay feet of our convictions. This is not on par with The Antichrist, but the gap is not all that large. 4 stars.
Profile Image for Saleh MoonWalker.
1,801 reviews269 followers
January 31, 2018
غروب بت ها



اثری کوتاه و در عین حال فوق العاده قوی و غنی


نیچه در این اثر به بررسی دقیق و عمقی مفهوم بت ها و حقیقت می پردازد و مانور اصلی آن بر روی نمایش آسیب های وارد شده به نمای حقیقت، مشکلات مسیحیت و صدماتی که در طول قرن ها بر انسان ها و جوامع وارد کرده است، می باشد. نثر این اثر، همچون سایر آثار نیچه، نغر و زیباست و سرعت پیشروی متن نیز مناسب است.


نیچه با بررسی دوباره ارزش ها شروع می کند، و به دلایل نادرستی اکثر ارزش های مورد قبول جامعه و فرد می پردازد. سپس با نگاه ریزبین و دقیق خود به نابود کردن فلسفه های نادرست، از ابتدای تاریخ تا زمان خود می پردازد و راهکارهای پیشنهادی خود را ارائه می دهد. در این بین همچنان به بررسی مسأله اخلاق و ارزشهای اخلاقی می پردازد و دلایل این ارزش ها و ضدارزش ها را در طول تاریخ بررسی میکند و به نمایش اشتباهات بنیادی آنها می پردازد. او سپس به سراغ انسان های والاتبار و والامنش می رود و به نمایش نحوه زندگی آنها می پردازد. بعد از آن به سراغ مسیحیت رفته و به نمایش آثار مخرب آن در طول تاریخ می پردازد. در نهایت به سرآغاز این اثر بازمیگردد و مفهوم بت ها را بررسی نهایی کرده و به ارزش گذاری دوباره آنها می پردازد.


اثر واقعا خوب و قوی ای بود. سرشار از نقاط قوت و نکته های دقیق و ریزبینانه. تنها مشکلی که در این اثر مشاهده کردم، اشتباه علمی آن درباره اَتم و مفهوم آن بود، و به جز این مورد، هیچ ضعف دیگری نداشت.


ترجمه جناب داریوش آشوری کامل، دقیق و بدون نقص بود.

Profile Image for Théo d'Or .
299 reviews157 followers
Read
February 18, 2021
Nietzsche has a strange effect on me, in that his ideas resonate in my mind when I go through a bad day, otherwise - quite debatable.
The aura of negative theology has always accompanied Nietzsche's thinking.

Perceived as a destroyer of idols, as an opponent to the cultural tradition, as an iconoclast to any spiritual authority other than that of one's own spirit, as " the greatest assassin of God ", - he raises statues, in his work, to other new idols.

The values by which the philosophers were guided, appear in this book as idols, as the gods who have been stuck in a permanent eternity, and whose évolution on the world stage has therefore ended, but once this idol is liquidated, what kind of world remains ? That of appearance, where the body is more valuable than the intellect ?
Quite frightening...

We also find that " civilization has fallen because it has been subjugated by the Christian religion, and, in this time, no other god has been created .
Almost two thousand years, and no other new god ".

Nietzsche leave the impression that he wants to become an idol, an prophet, to announce a new era of culture :
" I gave to humanity the deepest book that was : Zarathustra ".)))
At this point, it is no wonder that he is considered " the last disciple of Dionysos, and the Theacher of the eternal Return.

The author can be judged from several angles, but, personally, I can only see it from the perspective of what he has written in his last years, when his mind had something to suffer, maybe for that I consider extremes with a high degree of relevance, in many cases.Anyway, it remains a référence volum, absolutely recommended. Because, as he said, " One must still have chaos in oneself, to be able to give birth to a dancing star ".
Profile Image for joycesu.
102 reviews20 followers
December 8, 2010
This book frustrated me beyond comprehension. I hated him so vehemently for many different reasons:

He whines incessantly about things like the downfall of German intellectualism, yet offers no solution.

He "critiques" a great many other philosopher , writer, or artist, but offers little to no actual insight to the "idol;" he simply alludes to their "stupidity," much like a child with a chip on his shoulder.

His style of writing is disjointed and hard to follow (this could be my translation too though). I found his thought and writing patterns to be erratic, contradictory (at times), and often incomplete. He comes off as pompous and completely arrogant as well.

Along with this I just felt totally berated as a reader with his abrasive tone: even when I wanted to agree with him, I still felt like I was being punished.

***

On the more positive side, because there actually is one (or more) - I learned a lot.

My desire to dig out his hypocrisy, only inspired me to further research the subjects in question. For this, I am happy as I find immense pleasure in learning. I also have a whole new set of books to read.

I found a lot of his insights that I DID agree with to be interesting, and since his personality is so deeply embedded in his writing, I was also incredibly entertained by his profoundly rooted nihilism. I food myself chuckling and thinking, "is this guy for REAL?"

Anyway, the most important lesson learnt: Nietzsche has gotten me to feel a passion I have not felt in awhile, while reading. Sure, it was seething hatred and apocalyptic accusations, but I FELT something inside my mind explode. Often times while I'm reading I'll find myself in blissful complacency, agreeing and absorbing. Nietzsche really got me so angry to the point where I questioned a lot of my own philosophies and most epically, WHY I disagreed with his.

Ultimately the book served its purpose, so for that, I have to say I rather enjoyed it. I, however, still dislike Nietzsche ... as a person (just to clarify). ;]
Profile Image for Ahmed Ibrahim.
1,196 reviews1,580 followers
July 3, 2017
إعجابي بهذا الكتاب لا يعني إعجابي بفلسفته، فالكتاب احتوى على بعض التناقضات وبعض الأفكار الشاذة عن الأسرة والديموقراطية وغيرها، كما أني لا أؤمن بالمذهب اللا أخلاقي بشكل كامل عمومًا.

سبب إعجابي بالكتاب أن نيتشه يعطينا الفلسفة قرعًا بالمطرقة بالمعنى الحرفي، آراءه هي خبطات متوالية على العقل، يجبرك على التفكير، وإن كان هذا الإجبار بالنسبة إليّ قد صب بشكل كبير في نقد نيتشه وتفنيد أقواله وعدم قبول العديد منها.

النبرة الحادة والناقدة ممتزجة بالسخرية هي أكثر ما أحببته في نيتشه، ففي هذا الكتاب نجده يقدح في سقراط وأفلاطون وأرسطو والكليبيين وكانط وروسو وشوبنهاور وفاجنر وشيللر ودانتي وهوجو وستيوارت مل والعديد من معاصريه، ونقده الحاد لليبرالية والشيوعية الصينية، مع تنويهه على نجاح الشيوعية الروسية.. بمعنى أصح لم يترك نيتشه شيئًا إلا وانتقده!
مع بعض المواضيع الأخرى الذي تناولها عن الأخلاق وعن الأخطاء الأربعة الكبرى في نظره، وجزئية أشياء يفتقر إليها الألمان وعقلنته للرغبات أكثر ما أحببته هنا.

محاولتي الأولى في الدخول لعالم نيتشه، وقد نجح في جذبي إليه.
Profile Image for Nikos Tsentemeidis.
402 reviews201 followers
February 19, 2018
Από τα ωραιότερα βιβλία του Νίτσε. Καταπιάνεται με πολλά θέματα. Αυστηρός κριτής ως συνήθως σπουδαίων ανθρώπων κ.ά., όπως ο Σωκράτης, ο Πλάτων, ο Καντ, ο Γερμανός του 19ου αιώνα, ο χριστιανισμός κτλ. Εξυμνεί τον Γκαίτε και δηλώνει γοητευμένος από τις Ωδές του Οράτιου.

Κάτι άλλο σημαντικό: ελεύθερος άνθρωπος είναι αυτός που πολεμάει για την ελευθερία. Όταν κερδίσεις αυτό για το οποίο πολέμησες, συμβιβάζεσαι, δεν διεκδικείς, υπονομεύεται η βούληση για δύναμη, περιφρονείς την ευημερία για την οποία πάλεψες. «Τύραννοι είναι τα πανίσχυρα, τα τρομερά ένστικτα που επιβάλουν στον εαυτό τους μέγιστη πειθαρχία και σκληραγώγηση».

«Νεκρό γράμμα πια οι θεσμοί μας. Μα δε φταίνε αυτοί, εμείς φταίμε. Άπαξ και μαραθούν οι ορμές που τους δημιουργούν, παύουν κι αυτοί να λειτουργούν, γιατί εμείς δεν είμαστε πια αντάξιοί τους».
Άλλο θέμα ο θάνατος. «Ο θάνατος, ο περήφανος θάνατος – όταν περήφανη ζωή δεν είναι πια εφικτή – ελεύθερα διαλεγμένος, στην πρέπουσα ώρα, με διαύγεια και ευδιαθεσία, παρουσία παιδιών και συντρόφων, έτσι ώστε να μπορείς να αποχαιρετήσεις όσο είσαι ακόμα παρών. Όλα αυτά βέβαια καμιά σχέση δεν έχουν με την αξιοθρήνητη και φρικτή κωμωδία, την ώρα του θανάτου, όπως την κατάντησε ο χριστιανισμός. Και μην ξεχνάμε πως ο χριστιανισμός εκμεταλλεύεται την αδυναμία των ετοιμοθάνατων, μπαίνει με το έτσι θέλω στη συνείδησή τους, καταχράται ως και τον τρόπο με τον οποίον πεθαίνουν, μετατρέποντάς τον ούτε λίγο ούτε πολύ σε αξιολογική κρίση σχετικά με το ποιόν και το παρελθόν τους! […] Δεν είναι στο χέρι μας να μη γεννηθούμε. Όμως τούτο το λάθος – γιατί συχνά πρόκειται για λάθος – μπορούμε να το διορθώσουμε. […] Η απαισιοδοξία όσο κολλητική και να ναι, δεν αυξάνει τη νοσηρότητα μιας εποχής ολάκερης, όπως κι η χολέρα θα χτυπήσει όποιον έχει τη σχετική προδιάθεση».
Profile Image for Hosein.
75 reviews12 followers
December 11, 2022
نیچه سبک خود را این‌گونه توصیف میکند: چیزی که من به آن علاقه‌مند هستم این است که بتوانم آنچه که دیگران جرأت گفتنش را ندارند در یک جمله جای‌دهم.
کتاب داری حجم کمی‌است اما از نظر موضوعاتی که به آن پرداخته شده چیزی فرای پُر بود. کار با یک بخش کوتاه با کلمات موجز شروع می‌شود. سپس با شروع از فلسفه یونان باستان تا به امروز همه چیز را به زیر ذره‌بین نقادانه می‌برد.
نیچه چکش را بدست می‌گیرد و بت سفالین فلسفه را درهم میکوبد و از فلسفه، فلسفه میسازد.
به طور خلاصه، این کتاب فوق‌العاده است، درمورد همه چیز صحبت می‌کند: از آنچه نبوغ است تا اخلاق جنگ، پزشکان و حتی خلاصه تعریفی از زیبایی‌شناسی انسان.

تأکید می‌شود که هیچ حقیقت مطلقی وجود ندارد، بلکه دیدگاه‌هایی درمورد چیزها وجود دارد از این رو عنوان «غروب بت‌ها» به پایان حقایق قدیمی تعبیر می‌شود.

Profile Image for Lindu Pindu.
82 reviews83 followers
January 9, 2012
Upon reading the reviews here, it surprises me how many people misunderstand what Nietzsche is saying; he is definitely not a nihilist. Rather, he affirms life.

An example would be where he talks of freedom. You gain freedom by affirming life, in spite of the pain and suffering that comes with life (strikes me as Buddhist). Freedom is also gained by mastery of the instinct for ‘happiness.’ Much of what he says applies today- our ethics that support our weaknesses, our educational system that produces dullards.

I might add that the point in philosophy isn't whether or not you agree with what is being stated. It's how it affects you.

Further reading:
[1] http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp...
[2] Nietzsche and nihilism, excerpt from A World Without Values: Essays on John Mackie's Moral Error Theory http://goo.gl/MrU9W
Profile Image for Sadaf.
88 reviews10 followers
January 1, 2021
«نام غروب بت‌ها، طعنه‌ای است به «غروب خدایان» اثر واگنر و نامی است زیبا و پر معنا برای چنین کتابی.»
نیچه درباره کتاب مینوسید:«آنچه عنوان این کتاب بُت می‌نامد، درست همان چیزی است که تاکنون حقیقت نامیده می‌شده است. غروب بت‌ها – به زبان ساده، یعنی پایانِ کارِ حقیقتِ دیرینه.»
...
«چرا چنین نرم؟ برادران. چرا چنین سست و تسلیم؟ ...اگر سختی شما نخواهد ببُرد، چگونه توانید آفرید؟ آفرینندگان همه سخت‌اند...برادران من، این لوح نو را برفراز شما می‌نهم. سخت شوید!»
اولین کاری بود که از نیچه میخوندم برام جالب بود و درعین حال گاهی سوال برانگیز بود.مطمئنا جز کتاب هایی که دوباره به سراغش میروم
Profile Image for Mike.
298 reviews134 followers
October 5, 2020

One of Nietzsche's later albums, the synopsis on the back of my copy states, inauspiciously, that Twilight of the Idols was recorded in 1888, "the last sane year of Nietzsche's life"- inauspiciously that is unless you believe that great wisdom lies close to madness.

The first track here is just an intro called Foreword, not a song proper at all. Nietzsche tells us that "nothing succeeds in which high spirits play no part", and that he intends to conduct a revaluation of all values [italics his]...cheerfully. He is going to be discussing idols- none so ancient, none so hollow. "That does not prevent their being the most believed in; and they are not, especially in the most eminent case, called idols." In other words, these idols are so familiar that we may not recognize them as idols, may not even be aware of what we've been worshipping, and Nietzsche wants to make us aware. So far so interesting.

The placement of track 2, Maxims and Arrows, suggests that Twilight... will have an unconventional track-listing, since this is not a song proper either, but just a few minutes of synthesizer beeps and boops. Accompanying the noises are Nietzsche's aphorisms.
Whether we immoralists do virtue any harm? As little as anarchists do princes. Only since they have been shot at do they again sit firmly on their thrones.
Some of them are thought-provoking, some are funny, some are offensive. Here's one that's at least two out of three.
"Bad men have no songs."- How is it the Russians have songs?
Track 3, The Problem of Socrates- finally, a real song. On this track, Nietzsche tells us that Socrates was what he calls a declining type, i.e. decadent, i.e. "a symptom of decay, an agent of the dissolution of Greece", i.e. counter to life and to the kind of Dionysian artist that Nietzsche admires. What's Nietzsche's problem with Socrates? Well, he dislikes Socrates for having been so damn rational all the time, for having made a sort of religion out of rationality, and Nietzsche further suggests that anyone who does that must be repressing things that he doesn't want to acknowledge.
If one needs to make a tyrant of reason, as Socrates did, there must exist no little danger of something else playing the tyrant. The fanaticism with which the whole of Greek thought throws itself at rationality betrays a state of emergency...
To have to combat one's instincts, Nietzsche says, is the formula for decadence. I was reminded naturally of Spock on Star Trek, who strictly repressed his own emotions and instincts, . Overall, a solid track with a catchy chorus that could easily be a radio single.

On track 4, 'Reason' in Philosophy, Nietzsche says (paraphrasing here) that philosophers are mostly "conceptual idolaters" who sit around jerking off and coming up with reasons why the real world can't possibly be real. They try to escape "from becoming, from history, from falsehood...away, above all, with the body...impudent enough to behave as if it actually existed!" In Nietzsche's view, these philosophers, like Socrates, are decadent- by conceptually dividing the world into a "real" world and an "apparent" world, they have just found a roundabout and self-deceptive way to say NO to the world, to life. According to Nietzsche, the teachings of Socrates, Kant and Christianity all have this in common. The Dionysian artist, on the other hand, "affirms all that is questionable and terrible in existence", says YES; or I guess for Nietzsche that would be JA...

Track 5, How the 'Real World' at last Became a Myth, is a quirky little interlude that traces the history of what Nietzsche regards as an erroneous idea. It's thought-provoking and made me laugh out loud with its ending self-satisfied flourish, so I've got to hand it to him. Is that a flute that comes in around the 45-second mark?

Track 6, Morality as Anti-Nature, could just as easily have been titled Hello Thanatos, My Old Friend. That's really what we're talking about here, isn't it? The death drive? Nietzsche, as noted above, calls it decadence, and sees it, again, in the teachings of the Church- "to attack the passions at their roots means to attack life at its roots", therefore the Church is hostile to life. As a former Catholic school student, I have to admit that I find something gratifying in the viciousness of some of these passages.
If one has grasped the blasphemousness of such a rebellion against life as has, in Christian morality, become virtually sacrosanct, one has [also grasped] the falsity of such a rebellion. For a condemnation of life by the living is after all no more than the symptom of a certain kind of life...of declining, debilitated, weary, condemned life.
Thinking back to all those masses I sat through, the familiar rituals, was I part of nothing but an anti-nature cult of decadence? Were we all really worshipping Thanatos? I can't say the thought has never occurred to me, but- this is one of the tricky things about reading Nietzsche- maybe the reason it has occurred to me, at least in so many words, is due partly to the ubiquity of Nietzsche's thought in the modern world, which I probably absorbed as a kid even before I'd read him.

In the final section here, Nietzsche takes after the "pitiful journeyman moralist" (who) "paints himself on the wall and say ecce homo", vainly trying to change others. "We immoralists have on the contrary opened wide our hearts to every kind of understanding, comprehension, approval..." I can understand Nietzsche's annoyance with moral hypocrisy, but this is also a point where I found myself disagreeing with him, if I understand correctly. Why should personal change and moral development necessarily be anti-life, unnatural? Maybe Nietzsche means that change should come from within, not under pressure from some "pitiful journeyman moralist", but is there then no such thing as genuine change as a result of interacting with a good teacher, or a work of literature? Also, if we feel the impulse to change or even to try to change others, shouldn't that impulse (by Nietzsche's logic) be affirmed, like all the others?

On track 7, The Four Great Errors, Nietzsche lists, well, four great errors as he sees them. This one doesn't have the feel of a radio hit, it's a bit more obscure in what it's trying to say, but it includes some of the most interesting psychological passages in the book, such as when Nietzsche discusses "the error of imaginary causes."

I found track 8, The 'Improvers' of Mankind, to be confusing at first, maybe because Nietzsche decides to take a detour through contemporary (for him) India- not that I'm opposed in principle, but for some reason my eyes glazed over about the first seven times I tried to read this passage, trying to understand why Nietzsche was talking about this. But I believe that he is describing a tradition of trying to selectively breed certain qualities in human beings, i.e. eugenics, and then compares this practice to the moralism of Christianity, which, he decides to note, stems from Judaism. I can imagine Hitler's eyes lighting up around this point, but if he had read it carefully, I think he would have been disappointed. Yes, Nietzsche says, the so-called morality that he associates with Christianity is part of a naive attempt to "improve" mankind, but trying to breed some kind of ideal race is just as naive, the other side of the same coin. "'Pure blood'", Nietzsche adds, "is the opposite of a harmless concept."

On track 9, What the Germans Lack, Nietzsche talks about how German music is both constipated and constipating. But I listened to some Rammstein in the bathroom yesterday, and everything went smoothly, so to speak. So I'm not sure what Nietzsche is talking about.

Finally we get to the epic track that everyone is talking about, the mammoth and light-consuming Expeditions of an Untimely Man. Is it any good? I'd say it depends on which of the 51 individual sections you're reading, as Nietzsche riffs and jazzes and shreds his way from topic to topic.

Jesus there are some brutal breakdowns here, and definitely some highlights: "Our true experiences are not garrulous. They could not communicate themselves if they wanted to: they lack words. We have already grown beyond whatever we have words for. In all talking there lies a grain of contempt."

But I also have some real disagreements with the Nietzsche of this track. In section 34, for example, Nietzsche explains that anarchists and socialists (he uses the terms interchangeably) simply enjoy the feeling of complaining, which satisfies a certain revenge they want to take upon the world- therefore it seems, in Nietzsche's conception, that any attempt at social or political reform is just narcissism. In other words: this (whatever this happens to be at a given point in time, presumably) is just the way it is, and it's pointless to try to change or reform it.

I feel that way myself, at times. But isn't this also a kind of masochism, a kind of fatalism?

Nietzsche on old age and sickness:
To vegetate on in cowardly dependence on physicians and medicaments after the meaning of life, the right to life, has been lost, ought to entail the profound contempt of society. Physicians, in their turn, ought to be the communicators of this contempt- not prescriptions, but every day a fresh dose of disgust with their patients...
Does Trump need a new COVID spokesman? It would be good job security for Nietzsche too, because even if Biden and Harris win, they can just retain Nietzsche- they can have him say essentially the same things, just with a nicer tone, throw in some rhetorical bullshit about restoring the soul of America- and Nietzsche can provide ideological cover for why they'll never support universal healthcare.

Later, Nietzsche continues to express some values that I'm going to be polite and refer to as conservative:
I have already...characterized modern democracy...as the decaying form of the state. For institutions to exist there must exist the kind of will, instinct, imperative which is anti-liberal to the point of malice: the will to tradition, to authority, to centuries-long responsibility, to solidarity between succeeding generations backwards and forwards in infinitum.
Didn't I read once that Nietzsche's Nazi bitch of a sister altered some of his writing years later in order to make it seem like he would have approved of the Nazis? Is it possible I got one of those copies?
The stupidity, fundamentally the instinct of degeneration which is the cause of every stupidity today, lies in the existence of a labor question at all. About certain things one does not ask questions: first imperative of instinct...
So here's my question for Nietzsche, and I hope he answers me here on Goodreads. Your book, quite provocative and insightful at times, seems to be about how people worship arbitrary idols without even being conscious of it. But why then do you think your readers should have such reverence for the rule of "instinct"? Why should I have any respect at all for concepts like "tradition, authority and centuries-long responsibility"? And why do you, for that matter?

By the time we get to track 11, the outro, What I Owe to the Ancients, it's as if a storm has passed, although there's a sense of lingering danger and tempestuous seas. Nietzsche reiterates the connection between Socrates (actually, now he's talking about Plato, but those two fellas had similar ideas, didn't they?) and Christianity ("[Plato] already has 'good' as the supreme concept", Nietzsche fumes), and how Plato (unacceptably) rebels against concepts such as "the agonal instinct...the value of the race, the authority of tradition." Sacrosanct concepts to Nietzsche, I gather. Unassailable. Idols, in other words.

Nietzsche finishes by re-emphasizing the necessity of offering an ecstatic YES to life, "affirmation of life even in its strangest and sternest problems." Not only do I get what Nietzsche is saying here, but I find something beautiful in it. I agree that it's good to be adaptable, to work through hardship, and that there's something powerful in the idea of being able to say YES to every experience, to accept everything as material for a creative life. And I can understand why people living in troubled times (that would be all of us, now) find solace and inspiration in this idea, and in Nietzsche's writing in general. I'm with him just up to the point where that affirmation becomes fatalism, an excuse for keeping things the way they are, and where the ecstatic YES becomes contempt for anyone who doesn't or can't follow suit.

Final score: 3/5. Probably doesn't deserve a place in the heavy metal pantheon like Schopenhauer's Forever Baptized in Eternal Fire or Kant's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, or even Nietzsche's self-titled debut, but an album that's worth getting out of the drawer and giving a re-listen, if it's been a while.
Profile Image for Yakup Öner.
158 reviews94 followers
April 23, 2017
Yıkılacak putları olanlara, Cesur olabileceğini düşünenelere tavsiyemdir. Burada Çekiç ile felsefe yapılıyor...
Profile Image for JJ Khodadadi.
383 reviews84 followers
March 18, 2021
یک کتاب تند و آتشین!!
یک قسمت از کتاب که فلاسفه و نویسندگان را به تندی نقد می کند کمی گیج کننده و عجیب بود. خیلی نقد تند و تیزی به هرکه اسمش آمد کرده بود!
Profile Image for Evripidis Gousiaris.
229 reviews94 followers
July 27, 2018
Ε Κ Π Λ Η Κ Τ Ι Κ Ο Σ

Και εκπληκτική έκδοση με σχόλια του κ. Αποστολίδη και του κ. Δουβαλέρη
Profile Image for Elinor ﹏.
147 reviews15 followers
September 3, 2022
بالاخره بعد شش ماه ول کردن و از سر گرفتنو ذره ذره خوندنش، تمومش کردم ...
بعنوان اولین تجربم با نیچه، (با فلسفه و چیزای سخت قهر بودم ولی دارم رو خودم کار میکنم و نمیدونم‌اثر بعدی که میخونم چیه و چقدر طول خواهد کشید 😂💔
بوقت ،۱۲ شهریور
Profile Image for Ahmed Oraby.
908 reviews3,318 followers
February 24, 2016
ما هذا الخرف؟
هذا ولا شك كتاب عجيب
هو ليس كتابًا بالمعنى الحرفي للكلمة
هو مجموعة من الشذرات الفلسفية التي كتبها نيتشه، وأغلبها ليست من مصدر واحد
هي موزعة بين عدة كتب، وهذه هي طبيعة كتابات نيتشه كما لاحظت
فهو يكتب ويكتب ثم يحذف ويشجب ما كتب
الكتاب سيئ للغاية، عبارة عن هذيانات لا أكثر
لم يترك كذلك شيئًا لم ينتقده، بل الأصح أن أقول لم ينقضه
لم يسلم منه أحد، حتى شوبنهاور الذي كنت أعتقد أنه ذو فضل عليه في تفكيره العدمي
عامة الكتاب أقل مما توقعت، ولا يوضع مثلًا في مقارنة بجانب هكذا تكلم زرادشت
فهو مع ذلك ملئ بالعاطفة!
ولكن ما يعجبني عامة في نيتشه هو جنونه، هو كرهه، وغضبه الذي ينفثه في وجه العالم
غضبه وكرهه للخير والسلام، فهو كذلك المبشر الأول بالحرب، والكاره الأكبر للفضيلة
لهذا لا أستطيع أن آخذ كلام نيتشه على محمل الجد أبدًا
يعجبني فيه نظرته للإنسان، ونظرته لهذا العالم
تعجبني صراحته للغاية، فهو لا يداري ولا يماري، بل يقول ما لا يجرؤ أحد على قوله
يقول لك حقيقة الإنسان، ويعري لك حقيقته ويكشف عنه فضيلته الزائفة
وهذا ما يعجبني فيه، لكن هنا كان الكتاب أقل مما توقعت، فهو ملئ كما يقول بالتراجيديا
لكن بالطبع لي عودة مرة أخرى معه، فأنا أقدس هؤلاء المجانين للغاية.!
Profile Image for Majeed Estiri.
Author 6 books475 followers
February 21, 2020
نیچه در تمامی مسائل فلسفه اخلاق نظراتی متفاوت دارد و تسویه حساب را از پدر فلسفه اخلاق یعنی سقراط آغاز می کند. زشتی و اهل جدل بودن او را بزرگترین نشانه ها بر بدطینتی او می‌داند:
". سقراط می خواست بمیرد - این آتن نبود که جام شوکران را به او داد؛ او خود بود. او آتن را به دادن جام شوکران واداشت. او زیر لب با خود گفت: «سقراط طبيب نیست: این جا مرگ طبيب است و بس.. سقراط خود جز بیمار دیرینه ای نبوده است...»"


قدرت را ستایش می کند و بارها و بارها مسیحیت را به خاطر این که اخلاق بردگان را رواج می‌دهد به باد ناسزا می‌گیرد. خودش را اخلاق ناباور معرفی می‌کند و صحت فیزیولوژی فرد و جامعه را بر پایه ای فراتر از صحت اخلاق می‌نشاند:
"در باب روان شناسی هنرمندان. -برای آن که هنری در میان باشد، برای آن که کرد و دید زیبایی نگرانه در میان باشد، یک پیش شرط فیزیولوژیک ناگزیر است: سرمستی. سرمستی نخست می باید حساسیت تمامی دستگاه را بالا ببرد، وگرنه هنری در کار نخواهد بود. هر گونه سرمستی برآمده از هر چیزی توان این کار را دارد: بالاتر از همه سرمستی انگیختگی جنسی، همان دیرینه ترین و آغازین ترین شکل سرمستی..."

به عنوان یک روانشناس برهان علیت را نفی می‌کند و سائقه علت جویی را ناشی از یک نیاز روانشناختی بشری می‌شمارد:
«چرا؟» - اگر چرایی در کار باشد . این «چرا؟» نه چندان در پی علت به خاطر خود علت، که بیشتر در پی گونه ای از علت است - علتی آرام بخش، رهایی بخش، سبک کننده. این که چیزی از پیش شناخته و آزموده و بر حافظه - نقش۔ خورده را علت می انگارند، نخستین پی آمدهمین نیاز است. هیچ چیز تازه و ناآزموده و ناآشنا علت شمرده نمیشود. تنها در پی گونه ای دست چین شده از ریشه یابی هستند..."

مردانگی، جنگاوری، سلامتی، نشاط و در یک کلام روح دیونیزوسی را به عنوان روح زندگی تمجید می کند و شاعران و فلاسفه‌ای که روح زنانگی در آثار و اندیشه‌هایشان هویداست را به زشتی و با القاب تمسخرآمیز یاد می‌کند. فیلسوفان را به عنوان افرادی که هیچگاه مسائل را با در نظر گرفتن روند و شوند بررسی نمی‌کنند و همیشه مشغول کلیات ازلی ابدی هستند نکوهش می کند.
"همه میدانند که من فیلسوف را بدان فرا می خوانم که خویش را فراسوی نیک و بد نهد و _ پندار داوری اخلاقی را فرودست خویش گذارد. این فراخوان از آن بینشی برمی آید که نخستین بار من آن را فرمول بندی کرده ام: این که هیچ گونه واقعیت اخلاقی در کار نیست. داوری اخلاقی و داوری دینی هر دو به حقیقت هایی باور دارند که وجود ندارند. اخلاق تفسیری ست از برخی پدیده ها، آنهم تفسیر نادرست."

من اولین بار در رمان خواندنی "دمیان" از هرمان هسه با این نکته برخورد کرده بودم که انسان تبهکار فقط به خاطر قدرت بیشتر به عنوان چهره منفی معرفی می‌شود. او با اسطوره قابیل این مسئله را توضیح میدهد و معروف است که هسه تحت تاثیر اندیشه های نیچه بوده است. و اینجا نیچه می نویسد:
"گونه‌ي تبهکار، گونه ی انسان قوی تری ست افتاده در شرایط ناجور: انسان قوی تر بیمار شده. آن چه او کم دارد وحش بوم است و طبیعت و شکل زندگانی ای آزادتر و خطرناک تر؛ آن جا که همه ی سلاح های جنگ و گریز غریزی انسان قوی تر درست به کار آیند. جامعه فضیلت های او را غیرقانونی کرده است و سرزنده ترین رانه هایی که از طبیعت با خود آورده است به زودی همپای عاطفه های سرکوبگر بدبینی و ترس و سرکوفت رشد می کنند..."
Profile Image for Mohammad Ali Shamekhi.
1,096 reviews236 followers
July 18, 2016

در اینکه بهش سه ستاره بدم یا کمتر تردید دارم و دلیلش رو هم خواهم گفت

باید اذعان کنم از اینکه آثار نیچه رو خیلی کم خوندم اصلا ناراضی نیستم. به نظرم نیچه خوندن یه مقداری تجربه و آشنایی فلسفی می خواد - هم از جنس اطلاعات فلسفی و هم از جنس آشنایی با حس و حال متون فلسفی - و تازه کم کم می تونم بگم یه آشنایی کلی از فضای فلسفی دارم

نیچه خوندن به صرف خوندن به نظرم خطرناکه. چون خطر جازدن بازی با کلمات و مفاهیم توخالی - یا حداقل گنگ - به جای فهمیدن، در ذهن خواننده بسیار پررنگه. میشه نیچه خوند و بعد به صادر کردن جملات غرا و حکیمانه در نقد اخلاق، نقد افلاطونی گری یونانی و مسیحی، نقد جابجا فهمیدن علت و معلول، یا ستایش زندگی و غریزه و .. دست زد اما اینکه آیا فهمی هم در این بین بدست آمده روشن نیست

تجربه ی من از این کتاب دو چیز بود: 1) برخلاف تصور اولیم منطق ارتباط جملات و بندها روشن بود و مشکلی در پی گرفتن اکثریت قاطع جملات نداشتم؛ 2) بعد از مدتی که فکر می کردم فهمیدم نیچه در کلیت قضیه چی میگه تازه می فهمیدم که اصلا نفهمیدم چی میگه!. ظاهرا این دو با هم تضاد دارن اما واقعا اینجور نیست. از یک طرف نیچه مغلغ گو نیست در این کتاب؛ یعنی عباراتش رو میشه پی گرفت. اما از طرف دیگه اصلا از مفاهیم روشن و مشخص و تعریف شده ای استفاده نمی کنه؛ همچنین از پیش فرض های متافیزیکی و انسان شناسانه و ارزش باورانه ی خودش حرفی نمی زنه. به همین دلیله که خواننده رو فریب می ده؛ کتاب نیچه انبوهی است از پروپاگاندا برای چیزی که به ما نمی گه چیه. انبوهی از صحنه سازی وجود داره؛ انبوهی از زبان بازی برای اینکه خواننده رو مسحور کنه و بهش نگه اصل مطلب چیه

این رو هم باید بگم که فعلا قصد ندارم برم سراغ آثار دیگه اش چون این کتاب یه تصویر کلی از نظراتش در حوزه های مختلف رو ترسیم کرده و آدم اگه با دقت بخونه نگاه نیچه رو تا حدودی دستش میاد - این کتاب از کتاب های پایانی زندگی فلسفی نیچه است و به همین دلیل پختگی هم درش هست

من از زبان ترجمه و پاورقی ها راضی ام اما مواردی هم بود که باید در پاورقی توضیحی می آمد اما نیامده بود
Profile Image for A.
354 reviews43 followers
May 17, 2022
9.5/10.

Nietzsche says that his method of writing is to condense a book into ten sentences — this is precisely why he is so fertile. He has so many arguments that it is hard to keep track of all of them. I will list the ones I found insightful here:

1. The Greek philosophers are philosophers of decay. They are when mind overtakes the body, and the greatness of the body was the Greeks' greatest achievement. From Spartan hardening and natural selection to the supple statues of Athens, we see a visceral realism in the Greek view of the body. It is not to be passed over, not to be whipped, not to be shunned, but to be built into an image of strength. But from this bodily strengthening and a valuation of men based on their courage in battle we get abstract, nebulous thought. The philosophers of Greece were "the counter-movement to the ancient. noble taste (to the agonistic instinct, to the polis, to the value of race, to the authority of descent)". Universalism of thought overtook the exclusiveness of natural superiority and aristocracy. The result? The Hellenic muttification of Greece.

2. Goethe is a model for life: he is the true Renaissance man. Not retreating into a treehouse or monastery, but instead throwing himself in the thick of things, Goethe mastered public and private life. He read widely and developed a deep comprehension of not just literature, but the classics, biology, and history. He became a public ambassador in Germany. In all aspects "he was not fainthearted but took as much as possible upon himself, over himself, into himself". What Goethe wanted to reach was the telos of man: excellence in all aspects, totality. "He disciplined himself to wholeness [of reason, senses, feeling, and will], he created himself". The ideal human being as Goethe conceived him: "strong, highly educated, skillful in all bodily matters, self-controlled, reverent toward himself, and who might dare to afford the whole range and wealth of being natural". Such is the ideal life. Pursue excellence in all aspects (body, mind, sociality, career, relationships) and rise upwards, but well-roundedly.

3. The doctrine of equality is anti-life, which is unequal through and through, from the basest worm to the highest specimen of man. Equality is fundamentally Procrustes' bed: it cuts off the head and feet of the strong. It tyrannizes and destroys them. Equality is "preached by justice itself, whereas it really is the termination of justice". He who is best rises above the inertial mass-man who has no foresight — that is justice. "Equal to the equal, unequal to the unequal" — real justice. A corollary: "Never make equal what is unequal" (what a sin against justice our civilization has committed in thought and deed!)

4. Men must be cultivated physically, not just intellectually. And that does not just mean one hour of physical education a day. That means disciplined training from youth to young adulthood — gymnastics, weight lifting, and sports. Thoughts and feelings without bodily health are fruitless: they produce no long-term product but mental sensations. They feel good but accomplish nothing. Only the bodily strong are courageous. Only the courageous implement their ideas. The body must be trained for mental persuasion and strength. Only through bodily strength and discipline will one have the physiological power to act as one's will wishes. "Culture should begin in the right place — not in the 'soul' . . . the right place is the body, the gesture, the diet, physiology; the rest follows from that". Such was the excellence of the Greeks — a prizing of the body, a desire to form it well. We must follow in their footsteps!

5. The doctrine of equalitarianism in education is utter folly. The lowly should have low desires: that suits them best. Just as the noble should have lots of obligations and exhortations of duty put on their shoulders. But what happens when you incite the desires and haughtiness of the lower class? Pretentiousness. An exaggerated sense of self and desire to "impact" the world. Unnecessary, underserved political power. "If one wants slaves, then one is a fool if one educates them to be masters". Only a divide-and-conquer educational philosophy by the elites would sanction such an educational doctrine, for it would perenially incense the inferior and drive them to destroy civilization.

6. A perennial fear of danger — of existentially failing — is necessary to physiologically drive one upwards. Only danger pushes us to drive deep within ourselves and to gather all weapons available for the fight at hand — and that is how we develop. Without danger, without fear of loss, man degenerates into his lowest possible being. Only danger fulfills potential. "First principle: one must need to be strong — otherwise one will never become strong". I need to be strong and fit to find a wife, because it is a biological necessity that I have children and advance my genetic interests. I also love the sight of children of my own people. To get a beautiful wife and beautiful, healthy, fit children, I must improve myself. As a duty I accept, I must rise up to my biological obligation. Modernity makes it hard for us to accept true obligations, but accept them we must.

7. Freedom is the ability to push through suffering in aim of one's goal. It is the ability to resist media conditioning and society's groupthink to forge one's own path. It means "that one has the will to assume responsibility for oneself" — for one's successes and failures. I did it; I must fix it — that is the root of all self-improvement. Freedom is fighting through the menial and the day-to-day for the long-term duty — of becoming "more indifferent to difficulties, hardships, privation, even to life itself". Stoicism is freedom. The manly instincts must dominate over the instinct to immediate "pleasure" (which is perenially un-pleasurable immediately after). "The free man is a warrior".
Profile Image for Maria Ferreira.
216 reviews40 followers
April 5, 2018
Crepúsculo dos ídolos ou "Como se filosofa às marteladas" é uma crítica, através de aforismos, do sarcasmo, da ironia para contradizer o pensamento de grandes mestres, os monstros sagrados da cultura ocidental, Sócrates, Platão, Kant entre outros.
Nietzsche, filosofo alemão, faz duras criticas à igreja, declara-a como uma instituição mentirosa, que sob a farsa da pregação do bem, aterroriza, amedronta e aniquila o pensamento e a liberdade do homem.
Igualmente, faz duras criticas à democracia, porque pressupõe que aquele que se diz democrático não é corrupto, o que não é o caso dos governantes Europeus. Também critica o socialismo, porque não pode existir igualdade entre seres humanos, quando nenhum ser humano é igual, e ao fazer a destrinça entre os homens, deixa de haver a igualdade, logo deixa de existir o socialismo.

Nesta senda de criticas, Nietzsche formula 4 teses, que aqui vos dou conta:
“Ficar-me-eis agradecidos se condenso um conhecimento tão essencial, tão novo, em quatro teses: assim facilito a compreensão, assim provoco a contradição.

Primeira tese . As razões pelas quais «este» mundo foi qualificado de aparente fundamentam, isso sim a sua realidade, - outra espécie diferente de realidade é absolutamente indemonstrável.

Segunda tese . Os sinais distintivos que foram atribuídos à «essência verdadeira» das coisas são os sinais distintivos do não-ser, do nada, - à custa de a pôr em contradição com o mundo real foi como se construiu o «mundo verdadeiro»: o mundo aparente na verdade, porquanto é meramente uma ilusão ótico-moral.

Terceira tese. Inventar fábulas acerca de «outro» mundo diferente deste não tem sentido, pressupondo que não domine em nós um instinto de calúnia, de amesquinhamento, de receio face à vida: neste último caso vingamo-nos da vida com fantasmagoria de «outra» vida distinta desta, «melhor» que esta.

Quarta-tese. Dividir o mundo num mundo «verdadeiro» e no mundo «aparente», seja à maneira do cristianismo, seja ao modo de Kant (em última instância, o cristão aleivoso), é unicamente uma sugestão da décadence, - um sintoma de vida declinante…o facto do artista estimar mais a aparência que a realidade não constitui uma objeção contra esta tese. Pois «a aparência» significa em tal caso a realidade repetida uma vez mais, só que selecionada, reforçada, corrigida… O artista trágico não é um pessimista, - diz precisamente sim mesmo a todo o problemático e terrível, é dionisíaco…”(p. 40-41).

Nestas 4 teses, Nietzsche pretende demonstrar como o “Mundo verdadeiro” acabou por se tornar numa fábula. O mundo verdadeiro que os filósofos gregos, as religiões, os políticos nos tentam “impingir” de facto não existe, não é alcançável, por conseguinte o mundo é um só, e é o nosso mundo.

Outra ideia que Nitzsche nos deixa neste livro, é a noção de moral e de “melhoramento do ser humano”.
“Em todos os tempos se quis «melhorar» os homens: a isto sobretudo foi a que se deu o nome de moral porém sob a própria palavra esconde-se as tendências mais dispares. Tanto a domesticação da besta homem como a criação de uma determinada espécie de homens foram chamados «melhoramentos»: só estes termini zoológicos expressam realidades, - realidades, certamente, das quais, o «melhorador» típico, o sacerdote, nada sabe-nada quer saber….Chamar à domesticação de um animal o seu «melhoramento» é algo que a nossos ouvidos nos soa como uma ironia.(p. 66).

Para Nietzsche a moral que a o cristianismo nos apregoa não é mais que uma tentativa falhada de domesticação do homem, contando que o sacerdote, “o melhorador” sendo um homem igualmente domesticado é imoral. Para o autor, esta tentativa de domesticação está decadente por diversas razões, entre elas, quando reprime a sexualidade, sendo esta a base da procriação da espécie humana, ora uma ato divino como o nascimento, a continuidade da espécie, o sucessor do homem fruto do amor e do prazer sexual, jamais pode ser considerado de imoral.
Profile Image for Youssef Al Brawy.
408 reviews69 followers
March 18, 2019
هذا الكتاب هو قصف جبهة لمعظم الفلسفات البشرية، "نقضٌ لكل القيم" كما عبّر عنه نيتشه. نيتشه في هذا الكتاب لا يبني شيئًا، ولا يُقرّ بشيء، كل ما يفعله هو إعطاء الفلسفة قرعًا بالمطرقة، وماذا تفعل المطرقة؟ تهدم وتقوِّض. حتى في مواضعِ إقراره بشيء أو أكثر يكون الإقرار بصيغة "نفي النفي" لا الإثبات.
لن يكون هذا الكتاب مناسبًا أبدًا للبدء في قراءة نيتشه، ولن يكون مناسبًا أيضًا لمن لا يمتلكون مرونة في التفكير. لا أقول إن كل ما في الكتاب يجب الاقتناع أو التسليم به، لكن نيتشه لا يطرح قضايا عادية، ولا يُقوِّض أشياءً عادية، فلا بد من تعقّل كبير لاستيعاباها، خصوصًا فصليّ "الأخطاء الأربعة الكبرى" و"تسكعات رجل غير موافق للعصر".
بشكل شخصيّ، أعتبر نيتشه واحدًا من أهم من قرأت لهم على الإطلاق، نيتشه منعطف هام -وربما يكون الأهم- في حياتي.
Profile Image for Moh. Nasiri.
293 reviews95 followers
February 2, 2020

شکستن بت های فلسفه یونانی و مدرن با چکش آهنی نیچه

. . . این نوشتار کوچک اعلام جنگی است بزرگ: و در بابِ به صدا در آمدنِ بت‌ها، آنچه این بار به صدا در می‌آید نه بت‌هایِ زمانه که بت‌های جاودانه‌اند . . . و اینجا چنان پتک را با ایشان آشنا می‌کنم که گویی مضراب را _ با بت‌هایی که کهن تر و ایمان آورده تر و آماسیده تر از آنها بتی نیست … همچنین پوک‌تر … و هیچ‌یک از اینها سبب نمی‌شود که بیش از همه به آن‌ها ایمان نیاورند. هیچ‌کس آن‌ها را بت نمی‌داند، به ویژه والاترین‌ها شان را …

نیچه جزو فیلسوفان اگزیستانسالیستی بود و اینکه وی در این کتاب اندیشه های قبلی را با جسارت و بی رحمی به نقد می کشد و درهم می کوبد و می خواهد کاخ جدیدی بنا نماید قابل تامل هست ولی اینکه چقدر ورژن نرم فزاری فلسفه را ارتقا داد نمیدانم به هر روی اندیشمندان پس از نیچه هم استدلال های نیچه را چکش کاری کرده اند و خواهند کرد...

زبان در اندیشه نیچه

زبان خاص ومتلاطم نیچه نیاز به بررسی زبانشناسی و روانشناسی دارد که البته اروین یالوم بخشی از این کار را انجام داده است
نيچه فيلسوفي است در دوره اي که فيلسوفان به مسأله زبان کمتر توجه داشتند، زبان را امري مهم در پرسش هاي فلسفي معرفي کرد و گفت فيلسوفان در تور زبانند. به نظر او ميان الفاظ و مفاهيم با اشيا رابطه اي حقيقي وجود ندارد. بلکه حداکثر رابطه آنها، رابطه اي استعاري است. از اين‌رو نيچه، استعاره و مجاز را خصوصيت اصلي زبان مي‌دانست و حقيقت را سپاهي از استعاره ها و مجازها معرفي مي‌کرد. او بر فريبکاري زبان تأکيد کرده و ريشه ايجاد قوانين صدق و کذب را در قدرت قانونگذاري زبان مي‌دانست. همچنين از نگاه نيچه حقايق و مفاهيم تحت‌تأثير خواست قدرت در زمان‌هاي مختلف تغيير مي کنند. از نظر او اعتقاد به متافيزيک ريشه در زباني فکر کردن و دستور زبان دارد و چون رابطه ما با جهان استعاري است بايد استعاره را احيا کرد و به دامان هنر و زيبايي‌شناسي پناه برد چراکه هنر به استعاري بودن خود اذعان دارد.

حقیقت از نظر نیچه

نیچه می گوید حقیقت به هر کس گوشه ی جمالی می نماید و او گمان می دارد کل جمال را دیده است. درست مثل حکایت "فیل در خانه ی تاریک" که مولوی روایت می کند. اما مثال نیچه این است که مانند يك روستایی که به شهر آمده بود و با فاحشه ای روبرو می شود که برای سرکیسه کردنش، لبخند خاصی به او می زند و او که تا به حال چنين زناني ندیده، این لبخند را به حساب عشق و محبت می گذارد در حالی که او عروس هزار داماد است و به کسی وفا نمی کند.

معنای زندگی از نظر نیچه:

معروفترین جمله نیچه درباره معنای زندگی این است که گفته: کسی كه چرايي زندگي را يافته، ‌با هر چگونه‌اي خواهد ساخت
نیچه فیلسوف ابرانسان طلبکاری بود و مثل آگوستین عارف انسان بدهکاری نبود(آنتی تز در مقابل تز ) وی معقتد بود که زندگی نیاز به قدرت خواهی دارد تا بدان جهت دهد. چون نمی توانیم هیچ معنایی برای زندگی کشف کنیم، مجبوریم این معنا را خلق کنیم. بنابراین، قدرت خواهی را به عنوان مفهومی وسیع تر از صرف شور و اشتیاق تسلط یافتن بر دیگران اساس قرار داده و منطبق با آن بیان می نماید ما قوانین خود را خودمان می سازیم. اما حتی او نیز نمی تواند نهایتاً زندگی و حیات را از هدف و غایتمندی باز دارد و "ابر انسان " معرفی می کند. او بیان می کند انسان برتر موجودی زنده و با قدرت است و باید چونان فردی سرباز و جنگجو به قدرت خویش ایمان داشته باشد و چهره ی قوی خود را نشان بدهد او باید آنچه را که می پسندد و تمایل به قدرتش اقتضا می کند انجام بدهد، از اینرو انسان برتر ارزش آفرین و معنا بخش زندگی خویش است.

من خلاصه این کتاب را در پادکست اپیتومی گوش دادم
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درک فلسفه به کمک کلان داده ها

برای بررسی میزان تاثیر فیلسوفان و نمود و ارجاعات آن در منابع مختلف علم کلان داده ها می تواند کمکان کند و تصویر زیر نمودی از جایگاه فلیلسوفان مختلف هست که ویکی پدیا تحت عنوان دی بی پدیا این امکانات را برای محققان فرهم آورده است فکر می کنم از این به بعد فرصت نخواهد شد همه کتاب ها را بخوانیم و کلان داده ها وهوش مصنوعی تحلیل و درونمایه کتاب و جایگاه فیلسفوفان را در جنگل اندیشه ها برایمان به تصویر خواهد کشید

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لینک کامل مقاله:
http://www.coppelia.io/2012/06/graphi...

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پی نوشت:
حقیقت آیینه ای بود که از آسمان به زمین افتاد و شکست، هر کس ت��ه ای از آن را برداشت، خود را در آن دید، گمان کرد حقیقت نزد اوست. حال آنکه حقیقت نزد همگان پخش بود.
مولانا-فیه مافیه
Profile Image for Ştefan Bolea.
Author 28 books161 followers
June 19, 2013
I intend to write an essay about three of the books written in 1888 by Nietzsche: the most explosive, the "crazy" ones. What I have found out, re-reading them, is that Nietzsche wasn't crazy at all when he conceived "The Twilight of Idols" for instance (as some psychiatrists claim). His truths are more powerful, deeper and more energetic. There is an incredible tension but also a massive - almost unbelieveable - intuition. In his hidden, occult way (pre-psychanalytic), Nietzsche is almost always right. His truth may be "perverse" but it is nevertheless a strong truth. I'd rather be insane with Nietzsche than "normal" with Kant. However, because Nietzsche has written this books weeks before his mental breakdown, they are somehow mythologically charged. Before experiencing his abyss, the German writer had perhaps the most formidable intelectual adventure of all times: if Zarathustra is Everest, Genealogy of the Morals and the writtings from the fateful 1888 are a trip to Moon and Mars. The aforementioned virtual essay of mine will probably emulate Papini's tone from the "Twilight of Philosophers".
Profile Image for David Torres.
171 reviews
February 24, 2021
"La simple queja, el mero hecho de quejarse, puede darle un encanto a la vida y hacerla soportable".
Hace mucho intenté leer Zaratustra y lo logré (claro, sin entender nada); como quería acercarme de nuevo a Nietzsche conseguí este librito junto a El Anticristo (el cual leeré después).
Solo decir que de filosofía poco me entra, pero este libro fue muy sencillo y bastante accesible, me pude dar un primer trago con las ideas de este curioso y malhumorado señor.
Muchas de sus ideas me resultan dignas de recordar e implementar, por lo general estoy de acuerdo con lo propuesto aquí. Sus ideas sobre religión me encantan porque muchas hacen parte de mi pensamiento. Algo muy revelador de este libro ha sido su visión frente al pesimismo (mi parte favorita de la filosofía) que sin duda ha cambiado por completo la forma en que veía esta doctrina.
Ahora, respecto al matrimonio, la mujer como propiedad, y la situación obrera... Bastante prescindible.
Un agregado: es gracioso cuando se enoja y empieza a tirar mierda a Platón, Sócrates, Rousseau, Victor Hugo y otros... Y a Kant, sobre todo a Kant.
Muy satisfecho. Creo que es un buen paso para empezar con Niche (o como se diga).
Profile Image for Peyman.
92 reviews26 followers
October 6, 2019
اولین مواجهه با نیچه و افکارش بود. نیچه این کتاب را برای مخاطبینی که علاقمند بودند در یک کتاب با کلیه‌ی افکار او به‌طور خلاصه آشنا شوند، نوشت. ترجمه‌ی استاد آشوری بسیار جامع و کامل بود و هرجای کتاب نیاز به توضیح بیشتر داشت مترجم آن توضیحات را به‌خوبی بیان کرده بود. متن کتاب اندکی ثقیل هست و با توجه به خلاصه بودن نظرات درک کتاب در پاره‌ای از متن سخت خواهد بود. برای فهمیدن بهتر افکار نیچه لازم است که کلیه‌ی کتاب‌های این فیلسوف آلمانی خوانده شود. لحن عصبانی و نقاد نیچه بزرگترین جذابیت کتاب است.

"بله؟ بشر همانا یکی از خطاهای خداست؟ یا خدا همانا یکی از خطاهای بشر؟"

"از درس‌های دانشکده‌ی جنگ زندگی. آن‌چه مرا از پای در نیندازد قوی‌ترم می‌کند"
Profile Image for Ahmed Almawali.
630 reviews335 followers
November 10, 2014
لعلني كنتُ محظوظا بترجمةِ دار الجمل بيدِ علي مصباح، فقد قلبتُ مراجعاتِ القراءِ الكرامِ قبلي - وهي عادةٌ لا أحبذها لأنها تفقدني متعةَ اكتشافِ المجهولِ وسبرِ أغوارِ الكتابِ- ووجدتُ اتفاقهم على الترجمةِ السيئةِ الخاذلةِ.
تجربتي الأولى كانت فاشلةً مع نيتشه في كتابه "هكذا تكلم زرادشت" فقد حاولتُ قراءته قبل ٥ سنين ولكنني لم أستطعْ، وجدته صعبًا عصيًا على الفهمِ
روحُ الهجوم، والنقدُ، والتحقيرُ، سائدةٌ هنا في فلسفةِ نيتشه، هاجم�� سقراط واعتبر جدلَه انحرافا (أما سقراطُ فلم يكن سوى مريضٍ قد طالَ به المرضُ)، وهاجمَ الفلاسفة الذين أسماهم عبدة الأصنام الفكريةِ، وهاجمَ الأخلاقَ فهي طريقُ الانحدارِ "هي غريزةُ الانحطاطِ عينُها"، وحتى الموسيقى لم تسلمْ من نقدِه. إنه يعبدُ الحواس "إن العالمَ الظاهري هو العالمُ الوحيدُ". يحلل العقلَ الألمانيَ وما يعتريه (خمر/ مسيحية/ موسيقى)
منحي للكتاب خمسَ نجوم لا يعني بحال من الأحوالِ ايماني بفلسفة نيتشه، وأفكاره الشاذة ؛ ولكنه للمتعةِ الفكريةِ واللغوية وذلك التحليلُ الذي يغوصُ في الأعماقِ، وتلك السخريةُ اللاذعةُ في هجومه ونقده، وأخيرا للترجمةِ البديعة الفاتنةِ خصوصا إنها جاءت بعدَ إخفاقِ الترجمةِ السابقةِ للكتابِ.
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