The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations? by Ian Bremmer

Jun 24, 2010 Teel rated it did not like it

Shelves: borrowed

This book was clearly written with an audience of wealthy American Friedmanites in mind. If that is not you, its assumptions may sicken/disappoint you and it's self-contradictions will certainly frustrate/amuse/confuse you. The only reason to read this book is to get further insight into what modern Friedmanites/neo-liberals/neo-conservatives are afraid of.

The bulk of the book is a laundry list of all the good (sometimes great) results of various economic practices the author calls "state capita ...more

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Aug 23, 2010 Gordon rated it liked it

This is one of those big-themed books that looks at what's going on economically on a global basis, and tries to make sense of it. The pattern that Ian Bremmer sees is one where Western countries with free-market economies and relatively laissez-faire governments are having their butts kicked by the likes of China and India whose governments practice what he calls "state capitalism". He defines this concept as one where there's a large amount of free enterprise but the state is clearly the domin ...more

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Dec 27, 2010 DoctorM rated it it was ok

Shelves: economics

In the end, something of a disappointment. Bremmer begins by talking about "state capitalism" as something new, but neglects Alexander Gerschenkron's work two generations ago about the role of the state in directing and supporting industrialisation in Central and Eastern Europe in the 19th and early-20th centuries. He also seems to think that state capitalism is the aberration, that some Friedmanite version of the "free market" is and should be the norm, and takes it as a given that only "free m ...more

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Oct 27, 2010 Herzog rated it liked it

Shelves: financial

Bremmer is a sharp critic of state capitalism, but an apologist for the failures of markets. He goes so far as to hold government primarily responsible for the economic collapse of 2008. While government surely is responsible for some of the blame, the outright greed and immorality (is that even a concept anymore?) of the markets is quickly dismissed. While he believes that state capitalism is not an enduring model, he barely nibbles at the nefarious intrusion of corporations into government in ...more

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Dec 27, 2018 Charlie Cray rated it really liked it

Although published years ago, this book is more relevant than ever.

Bremmer's 2009 Foreign Affairs article was the impetus for the book, and worth reading instead. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articl...

"State capitalism" as Bremmer describes it, is rapidly threatening the so-called "free market" system dominated by U.S. and other multinationals.

The oil and gas sector is a keystone example. THREE QUARTERS of the world's remaining reserves are held by state-owned enterprises (SoEs). (or did - f Although published years ago, this book is more relevant than ever.

Bremmer's 2009 Foreign Affairs article was the impetus for the book, and worth reading instead. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articl...

"State capitalism" as Bremmer describes it, is rapidly threatening the so-called "free market" system dominated by U.S. and other multinationals.

The oil and gas sector is a keystone example. THREE QUARTERS of the world's remaining reserves are held by state-owned enterprises (SoEs). (or did - fracking has probably changed that). Western multinationals control just 10% of global reserves. Companies like Exxon profit by providing advanced offshore drilling technologies to SoE's like Rosneft and PEMEX, and partnering with SABIC (Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Company) on "downstream" operations like petrochemicals and LNG.

These businesses are not driven by ideological goals, even if these entities answer to governments and not shareholders. They are often less productive or competitive. But with subsidies they pose a threat to their rivals. Their strategy may be more political than economic. China, for example, dispatches its national oil company to find sources and lock in long-term agreements. China can extend loans for projects designed for exporting. By injecting politics and high-level corruption into markets, Bremmer argues, these players make markets inefficient.

So they negotiate their cartel arrangements openly (e.g. OPEC) or not at all. OPEC was a pioneer in the emergence of state capitalism. Since the early 1970s oil crisis, Governments have expanded their control over domestic extraction industries, and built state-owned enterprises that moved into other sectors with more advanced knowledge, engineering -- including aviation, electronics, Russia's phone and weapons monopolies, China's telecomms, etc. Emerging market countries with heavy histories of state involvement in their economies -- not just ex-communist countries -- but also countries like Brazil and Turkey -- only partially embraced free market principles. The leaders of these industries were formerly government bureaucrats.

State capitalism dominate the economies of many countries. Not just China. Russia. Venezuela. Saudi Arabia and other UAEs. Iran. Brazil (to a lesser degree).

Sovereign Wealth Funds - SWFs - account for 1 in 8 dollars invested globally. The Emriates, China, Norway are among the largest.

There's likely some convergence between state capitalist economies and western capitalist economies. Statism and social democracy makes government intervention more palatable in Europe than the US, but if you look at the 2009 bailouts and the significant dependence that many U.S. companies have on government support, including contracts and subsidies (esp. Defense giants like Lockheed, but even high tech companies), the distinction between "public" and "private" entities is more blurry than most political pundits suggest. And while SoE's are definitely more bureaucratic and directly controlled by governments, elites from both have more in common with each other than they do with their fellow citizens. (look at Davos).

Protectionism and heavy tariffs didn't start with Trump. Many countries have policies that protect domestic countries from foreign takeover (France), or high tariffs on specific goods. (S. Korea - cars). The multilateral system is weaker because of these, but the argument that consumers are hurt is debatable.

Smoot-Hawley deepened and lengthened the depression. It's a lesson Trump critics say he should learn. Bremmer would probably agree.

Bremmer thinks the long-term prospect of state capitalism is limited, and that the litmus test with be Russia's ability to diversify (which Bremmer argues must come through free market reforms rather than state creation of other sector industries), and especially China (its ability to sustain its growing population). China's investment in other countries is the result. And the need to protect their investments in countries like the US will mean they have a stake in U.S. stability and growth. ...more

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Jul 01, 2018 C F rated it really liked it

Although published years ago, this book is more relevant than ever.

Bremmer's 2009 Foreign Affairs article was the impetus for the book, and worth reading instead. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articl...

"State capitalism" as Bremmer describes it, is rapidly threatening the so-called "free market" system dominated by U.S. and other multinationals.

The oil and gas sector is a keystone example. THREE QUARTERS of the world's remaining reserves are held by state-owned enterprises (SoEs). (or did - f Although published years ago, this book is more relevant than ever.

Bremmer's 2009 Foreign Affairs article was the impetus for the book, and worth reading instead. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articl...

"State capitalism" as Bremmer describes it, is rapidly threatening the so-called "free market" system dominated by U.S. and other multinationals.

The oil and gas sector is a keystone example. THREE QUARTERS of the world's remaining reserves are held by state-owned enterprises (SoEs). (or did - fracking has probably changed that). Western multinationals control just 10% of global reserves. Companies like Exxon profit by providing advanced offshore drilling technologies to SoE's like Rosneft and PEMEX, and partnering with SABIC (Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Company) on "downstream" operations like petrochemicals and LNG.

These businesses are not driven by ideological goals, even if these entities answer to governments and not shareholders. They are often less productive or competitive. But with subsidies they pose a threat to their rivals. Their strategy may be more political than economic. China, for example, dispatches its national oil company to find sources and lock in long-term agreements. China can extend loans for projects designed for exporting. By injecting politics and high-level corruption into markets, Bremmer argues, these players make markets inefficient.

So they negotiate their cartel arrangements openly (e.g. OPEC) or not at all. OPEC was a pioneer in the emergence of state capitalism. Since the early 1970s oil crisis, Governments have expanded their control over domestic extraction industries, and built state-owned enterprises that moved into other sectors with more advanced knowledge, engineering -- including aviation, electronics, Russia's phone and weapons monopolies, China's telecomms, etc. Emerging market countries with heavy histories of state involvement in their economies -- not just ex-communist countries -- but also countries like Brazil and Turkey -- only partially embraced free market principles. The leaders of these industries were formerly government bureaucrats.

State capitalism dominate the economies of many countries. Not just China. Russia. Venezuela. Saudi Arabia and other UAEs. Iran. Brazil (to a lesser degree).

Sovereign Wealth Funds - SWFs - account for 1 in 8 dollars invested globally. The Emriates, China, Norway are among the largest.

There's likely some convergence between state capitalist economies and western capitalist economies. Statism and social democracy makes government intervention more palatable in Europe than the US, but if you look at the 2009 bailouts and the significant dependence that many U.S. companies have on government support, including contracts and subsidies (esp. Defense giants like Lockheed, but even high tech companies), the distinction between "public" and "private" entities is more blurry than most political pundits suggest. And while SoE's are definitely more bureaucratic and directly controlled by governments, elites from both have more in common with each other than they do with their fellow citizens. (look at Davos).

Protectionism and heavy tariffs didn't start with Trump. Many countries have policies that protect domestic countries from foreign takeover (France), or high tariffs on specific goods. (S. Korea - cars). The multilateral system is weaker because of these, but the argument that consumers are hurt is debatable.

Smoot-Hawley deepened and lengthened the depression. It's a lesson Trump critics say he should learn. Bremmer would probably agree.

Bremmer thinks the long-term prospect of state capitalism is limited, and that the litmus test with be Russia's ability to diversify (which Bremmer argues must come through free market reforms rather than state creation of other sector industries), and especially China (its ability to sustain its growing population). China's investment in other countries is the result. And the need to protect their investments in countries like the US will mean they have a stake in U.S. stability and growth. ...more

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May 19, 2014 Gerry rated it it was ok

Books like this make the advocates of free markets work a lot harder to get their case across. This is not so much making a case for free markets but a diatribe against state capitalism from someone who confuses free markets with the corporate market rigging which exists in the USA.

The freer markets exist at local levels where product and service providers fight tooth and claw to grasp at local opportunities but where competition is fierce.

At a higher level, corporations, with their lawyers and ...more

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Jun 30, 2018 George Odera rated it really liked it

Ian Bremmer is one of the most brilliant minds in political economy. He exhibits a sixth sense in assessing world affairs. I have read 2 of his books (the other being Us v Them) and can curtly summarise them as "Why the world is the way it is". This 2010 book is a harbinger of the 2018 world.
However, for all his brilliance, Ian Bremmer is an AMERICAN economist(hence a de facto Friedmanite). The book is riddled with gushing praise of free-market capitalism, without highlighting many of its paten ...more

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Feb 22, 2017 Alberto Lopez rated it really liked it

Shelves: my-favorites

A great book. It paints a comprehensive picture of the transition between totalitarian centrally planned economies to today's estate economies. It also looks at the effect estate economies will have on free markets. It is simply a must-read for anyone wishing to understand global markets as well as geopolitics. For an expanded review see http://albertoalopez.blogspot.com/201... ...more

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May 28, 2017 Konrad von Pless rated it liked it

The book starts with a bold question in its title but then fails to answer it. It decently explains the various kinds of state capitalism and gives multiple examples of its inner workings in practice. This is then contrasted with the more laissez-faire approach of Western economies, but at no point does the author make any serious predictions or models. Overall the books serves well as an introduction to state capitalism, what it is, and how it works, but makes no attempt at describing the actua ...more

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Mar 03, 2018 Robert rated it it was amazing

Shelves: political

An excellent book centered around an excellent question. Does state capitalism as practiced around the world threaten global free markets? And to what extent are do various countries practice state capitalism? Will state capitalism drive world powers into conflict?

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Jun 03, 2020 Marcus Goncalves rated it it was amazing

Read this book again. After 10 years of its publication, the author has been pretty accurate on his predictions of a G-zero world, with no leadership. Great argument on the state of capitalism and the rise of the State Capitalism and its impact on the global economy.

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Aug 02, 2017 Jack Oughton rated it liked it

I feel like I learned a lot about the implications of, and differences between 'free market capitalism' and 'state capitalism'. ...more

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Aug 13, 2018 Bharat Joshi rated it really liked it

A good little primer on what "State capitalism" is and how it impacts the globe. Recommended for people who are uninitiated in the subject. For everyone else this will be old news and lacking depth. ...more

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Sep 12, 2010 Joe rated it really liked it

Shelves: nonfiction, politics

It has been an interesting month of reading. After Bill McKibben's "Eaarth" about overheated consumption's impact on the planet and Daniel Quinn's "Ishmael" speaking on the toll modern day "Taker" culture has on society, and a viewing of Michael Moore's "Capitalism: A Love Story", I thought a book on the free market may provide some balance.

"The End of the Free Market" is actually a fascinating book. I enjoy learning areas that I have little or no knowledge of. Economics is certainly one of tho It has been an interesting month of reading. After Bill McKibben's "Eaarth" about overheated consumption's impact on the planet and Daniel Quinn's "Ishmael" speaking on the toll modern day "Taker" culture has on society, and a viewing of Michael Moore's "Capitalism: A Love Story", I thought a book on the free market may provide some balance.

"The End of the Free Market" is actually a fascinating book. I enjoy learning areas that I have little or no knowledge of. Economics is certainly one of those areas. This book is specific to the influence state owned corporations have on the free market.

The balancing actions that autocratic governments must employ using nationalized corporations and industries to protect political power at the state level is a huge responsibility. It requires providing for the people so they are content while keeping them productive and in check. When state corporations are competing in the global market the entire economy is on the state's shoulders when markets tank.

We have entered a state of mutually assured economic destruction. The global economy is intertwined so that when China manipulates the value of their currency it effects the value their investment in US debt.

I really did enjoy this book. I don't have the knowledge to argue economics. In my gut, I'm a bit more protectionist than Bremmer. Of course, I'm mostly speaking of my role as a consumer. I like to circulate my money in the local community by spending with businesses that support local producers. I know that is impossible, but I do what I can to avoid multinational corporations.

Ian Bremmer is thoughtful and thought provoking and has an incredible grasp on his subject. He kept the reins rigid on the topic and raised a lot of points that I would like to hear him expound on. In this book he talked about how state officials are placed in executive positions in state run or state favored "national champion" corporations to help manipulate markets as needed for the political power of the state autocracy. I would like to hear Bremmer's take on the other end of the spectrum, the revolving door in America where corporate executives buy position or set up shop in the US government to change laws and reduce regulations in order to manipulate competitive advantage in the market place. How about a chapter on the Supreme Court.

I would also like to read his ideas for a green economy, free market style.

I do believe I'll be looking into more books by Bremmer. ...more

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Mar 15, 2013 John Hively rated it did not like it

This is an incredibly dumb book and it’s very boring. It lacks clarity and decent research to back up it’s point, whatever it is. For example, the author implies that the Smoot-Hawley Act was responsible for the depth of the Great Depression, yet all academic studies show that the act had little impact on the severity of the Great depression. On top of that, Bremmer argues that modern nations don’t attack each other much, but “In 2010, the US troops are still fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, bu This is an incredibly dumb book and it’s very boring. It lacks clarity and decent research to back up it’s point, whatever it is. For example, the author implies that the Smoot-Hawley Act was responsible for the depth of the Great Depression, yet all academic studies show that the act had little impact on the severity of the Great depression. On top of that, Bremmer argues that modern nations don’t attack each other much, but “In 2010, the US troops are still fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, but they’re struggling to overcome militants and insurgents, not foreign military powers.”

How brain dead can one get? The United States was not invited by the governments of Iraq and Afghanistan to help them against militants and insurgents. Apparently, Ian Bremmer doesn’t know the United States invaded and occupied those nations. That’s how profoundly stupid this book is.

The central argument of the book is that Wall Street is good, although he doesn’t say for what, and that free trade is good, although he doesn’t say for what. All Wall Street needs is more regulation. As if Wall Street would want that.

An accompanying argument is that foreign governments own corporations that compete with private US corporations. And they do this for political purposes. Duh! But the author’s ignorance is so enormous that he cannot comprehend that US corporations own the US government, lock, stock and barrel. For example, agents of the Monsanto corporation wrote the recently passed Monsanto Protection Act that congress passed and President Obama signed. Wall Street investment banks don’t want more regulation, and so the government of which they are the primary shareholders via their investments in politicians, such as Wall Street Senator Ron Wyden, isn’t going to regulate them.

Bremmer is woefully ignorant on too many levels to be taken seriously. He doesn’t comprehend how free trade treaties, for example, redistribute income from the 99 to the 1 percent and wreck the economy in the process. According the Federal Reserve, over 27 million US jobs have been off shored since Nafta. The difference between the old higher wages and the new lower wages gets redistributed into the pockets of the rich via higher corporate earnings, rising share prices and more dividends.

This book doesn’t even deserve one star because it reads like an apology and justification for Wall Street and the many crimes committed by its CEO’s, lawyers, traders and others.

It’s pure pointless propaganda with a weak central argument.

...more

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Feb 15, 2013 Reid rated it liked it

Shelves: the-street, business-philosophy

This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, click here. It seems that a tsunami of business books have swept across the media radar in the aftermath of the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Some offer entertaining, informative or outraged calls-to-arms, such as the books by Michael Lewis, who clearly has set the bar high when it comes to writing popular non-fiction about High Finance. Other authors, such as Prof. Nouriel Roubini, seem to have used the Collapse of Lehman Brothers as an opportunity to trot out recycled lectures from Economics 020 on vicious It seems that a tsunami of business books have swept across the media radar in the aftermath of the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Some offer entertaining, informative or outraged calls-to-arms, such as the books by Michael Lewis, who clearly has set the bar high when it comes to writing popular non-fiction about High Finance. Other authors, such as Prof. Nouriel Roubini, seem to have used the Collapse of Lehman Brothers as an opportunity to trot out recycled lectures from Economics 020 on vicious cycles in business. This entry by Ian Bremmer takes a rather intriguing premise that fails to boost the reader's interest to "escape velocity."

The premise is intriguing. The author is present at a meeting with high-level Chinese officials. One of them asks a rhetorical question: How do you feel now that capitalism has been proven a failure? From here, Bremmer focuses on the sovereign wealth fund, which is largely a pool of investment capital with ties to a given government, that can exert great influence over entire industries.

Bremner is doing us a service here; he is making up for woefully negligent reporting on behalf of TV journalists who barely bothered to explain in detail what made sovereign hedge funds so powerful. For helping us to visualize the size and influence of these financial behemoths, he deserves our thanks.

The initial chapters are promising, but it is not developed; there is no narrative and very little investigation. The narrator does not tell us much that we couldn't get from a series of surveys in The Economist. He divides the world into regions and recites statistics about how important their sovereign wealth funds are -- but there are no anecdotes, no characterizations that stick in the mind, and no real evidence that Bremmer even left his apartment. The result is a repetitive read that fails to show how sovereign wealth funds affect (presumably in a negative way) the lives of individuals in the peasant and working classes around the world who are without influence. One feels, when reading this book, like one is memorizing information for a university economics test, and that makes for a dull book, even if the information is reliable. ...more

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Jun 13, 2011 May Ling added it

Shelves: economics

I gave this book the 3.5 stars, because although it's well researched and makes some interesting points, there are number of places in which the argument is more of a stretched and awkward in the definitions used. This appears to be an attempt to support "free markets", but quickly changes to a book that compares free markets (Western version) to State run capitalism (Emerging dictatorship economies) with comparisons drawn in a bit of a static sense. As a result, the book really misses the histo ...more

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Mar 26, 2016 Eugene Kernes rated it it was amazing

Shelves: economics

A warning to the rights of individual that state-capitalism threatens free market economics. State run companies, or companies that the government has a majority stake in, has special privileges that impede efficient use of resources. Reduction of competition and little feedback from public scrutiny. The resources governments obtain via state run companies usually have an incentive to be maleficent as the politician's way of getting more power. State owned companies are often provided with more ...more

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Jul 07, 2010 Keith rated it it was ok

Disappointing. Rather than being a methodical analysis of how statist regimes use industrial enterprises for political ends, using examples as case studies--i.e. what the book advertises itself to be, it is instead little more than a series of anecdotes, written from the perspective of someone who refuses to rethink the legitimacy of neoliberal economic theory, even in light of what's happened in the West over the past two years.

I think a more fruitful approach to the study of this topic requir ...more

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Jan 13, 2011 Call Me Ishmael rated it liked it

ISBN-10: 1591843014

He does a good job of listing the issues with “State Capitalism” mostly using China, India, Venezuela, and Brasil as examples. The flaw of which is picking winners to support political power. Ultimately, this works early in the cycle..while the economy’s growing and there’s enough benefits to buy off opposition. BUT, as the system matures corruption/inefficiency shows, and you wake up one day to find the people in charge are not willing to do the things required to realign the ...more

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Jul 29, 2011 Nilesh rated it did not like it

The book is written with conclusions already in mind and the structure seems to have been created to state the already-formed conclusions.

To start with, state capitalism is more or less defined as something that starts with just beyond whatever the US government does and is expanded to include everyone the author does not like.

Biases are too ridiculous even when you want to agree with the conclusions. For example, market capitalism is branded as only good system because that's the only one that ...more

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Feb 09, 2017 Jamie (Books and Ladders) rated it really liked it

Really interesting take on how the 2008 financial crisis reignited the worlds take on state capitalism and how it threatens free market capitalism. It wasn't too difficult to read or understand, but some concepts were vaguely described or not fully expanded on which made some arguments difficult to follow. Would be interesting to see an updated version now that there is no longer a "recession" and the fact that Tr*mp has been making the US more and more state capitalist by the day. ...more

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Dec 24, 2010 Frank Kelly rated it liked it

Shelves: sept6-sept6, 2010, china, foreign-policy, north-africa, finance-economics, russia, middle-east, asia-pacifica

I guess the real question is: have governments ever NOT been engaged in regulating/manipulating/fixing the markets? Bremmer postulates that for a variety of reasons, we have reached the end of the free market and state capitalism is increasingly emerging as the new global model (see: China, Saudi Araba, US bail-out of banks, etc.). Overall, Bremmer is right to some degree but the tensions will remain and pendulum will undoubtedly swing back and forth in the decades to come, I suspect. Overall, h ...more

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Sep 16, 2011 Max rated it did not like it

This was one of the worst books that I've read in awhile. The arguments were completely incoherent and I didn't even get halfway through.

I decided to read it because I thought it would be about how the Chinese economic model presents an alternative the current model of liberal democracy. The book attempts to explain this, but it presents no useful distinctions between liberal democracy and what it calls "state capitalism." Bremmer defines state capitalism as "a system in which the state dominat ...more

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Oct 18, 2010 Anthony rated it liked it

The name isn't quite what you would expect from the subtitle - it's less about the fight between corporations and government and more about the fight between "state capitalism", where industries are often owned or largely supported by the governments, and traditionally capitalistic countries, where there is some regulation and protectionism but most things are free.

It's an interesting book - fairly easy to read despite a less-than-exciting subject matter, and it makes you think about things tha ...more

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Mar 25, 2012 Sharene rated it really liked it

I had this on audiobook and pretty much did the audio equivalent of skimming, because...well, this book really don't grab you. That said, the overall concept of the book is pretty great - basically that all states practice some degree of state capitalism, but the new model of a state directed capitalism (*cough* China *cough*) isn't going away, because of the power it conveys to the state and the favoritism it conveys to pet corporations. He also talks about the gulf monarchies, the new trend in ...more

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Jan 22, 2014 Jake rated it really liked it

While not one of Bremmer's bests, "The End of the Free Market" was still a wonderful read and invaluable for anyone interested in politics or investment. The book does an excellent job at showing the distinct philosophical differences between supporters of capitalism and supporters of state-capitalism. While the first 150 pages may seem redundant for anyone well informed on economic policy, the last 50 pages of analysis make the entire read worthwhile.

One of my few complaints was the typo on pa ...more

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May 17, 2010 Beth rated it really liked it

I like books that help me see the world in a different way, hopefully in a way that better reflects its complexities and diversities. This book did that for me because it helped me learn more about different kinds of economic systems, how each works and how they work, for good and bad, in conjunction with each other. Of course, I also liked this book because, as a product of and believer in the free market system, it takes the stand that capitalism and the free market, properly regulated, is the ...more

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May 23, 2010 Joseph rated it it was amazing

Best text on economic-theory book since The World is Flat. Focuses on the transfer of wealth to state-owned enterprises, oil companies and sovereign wealth funds from G3 economics. The book details the structure of each national actor and makes a case for the end of free markets. The research is worthy of five stars but sacrifices it in the final two chapters by saying that free markets won't end, despite its title and introductory thesis. Much like Thomas Friedman's revisions, I imagine this bo ...more

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