مالڤا

by Maxim Gorky, مكسيم غوركي, سهيل أيوب (Translator)

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov 28 March 1868 - 18 June 1936, primarily known as Maxim (Maksim) Gorky was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the Socialist realism literary method and a political activist. Gorky's reputation grew as a unique literary voice from the bottom strata of society and as a fervent advocate of Russia's social, political, and cultural transformation. By 1899, he was openly associating with the emerging Marxist social-democratic movement, which helped make him a celebrity among both the intelligentsia and the growing numbers of "conscious" workers. At the heart of all his work was a belief in the inherent worth and potential of the human person. In his writing, he counterposed individuals, aware of their natural dignity, and inspired by energy and will, with people who succumb to the degrading conditions of life around them. Both his writings and his letters reveal a "restless man" (a frequent self-description) struggling to resolve contradictory feelings of faith and skepticism, love of life and disgust at the vulgarity and pettiness of the human world. He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime and was arrested many times. Gorky befriended many revolutionaries and became a personal friend of Vladimir Lenin after they met in 1902. He exposed governmental control of the press (see Matvei Golovinski affair). In 1902, Gorky was elected an honorary Academician of Literature, but Tsar Nicholas II ordered this annulled. In protest, Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Korolenko left the Academy. Leo Tolstoy with Gorky in Yasnaya Polyana, 1900. From 1900 to 1905, Gorky's writings became more optimistic. He became more involved in the opposition movement, for which he was again briefly imprisoned in 1901. In 1904, having severed his relationship with the Moscow Art Theatre in the wake of conflict with Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Gorky returned to Nizhny Novgorod to establish a theatre of his own. Both Constantin Stanislavski and Savva Morozov provided financial support for the venture. Stanislavski believed that Gorky's theatre was an opportunity to develop the network of provincial theatres which he hoped would reform the art of the stage in Russia, a dream of his since the 1890s. He sent some pupils from the Art Theatre School-as well as Ioasaf Tikhomirov, who ran the school-to work there. By the autumn, however, after the censor had banned every play that the theatre proposed to stage, Gorky abandoned the project.

Genres: Russian Literature, Classics, Russia, Short Stories

92 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1897

About the author

Russian writer Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (Russian: Алексей Максимович Пешков) supported the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 and helped to develop socialist realism as the officially accepted literary aesthetic; his works include The Life of Klim Samgin (1927-1936), an unfinished cycle of novels.

This Soviet author founded the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. People also nominated him five times for the Nobel Prize in literature. From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929, he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union, he accepted the cultural policies of the time.

Reviews

[Anastasia · Rating 3 out of 5]

(3,5*)
"Και όταν πολυσκέπτεται κανένας απογοητεύεται απ' τη ζωή...Πρέπει ολοένα κανείς να κάνει κάτι [...]Πρέπει να τη δουλεύεις τη ζωή για να μη μουχλιάσει. Κινήσου μέσα στη ζωή από δω από κει όσο το μπορείς και τότε δε θα αηδιάζεις..."

[Catarina · Rating 5 out of 5]

Obrigada , Bernardo <3
Leve e intrigante. Agarrou-me à primeira página.
As descrições do mar e da praia são absolutamente deliciosas.

[حوریا · Rating 5 out of 5]

منتفرم از آنهایی که «زن» را فاقد عشق و انتخاب و طرفاً وسیله‌ای برای معاشقه می‌دانند. «مالوا» برای من یکی از همان زن‌هایی بود که در چهارچوبی از مردانِ کوته فکر قرار گرفته اند. این کتاب کوچک اولین چیزی بود که از گورکی خواندم. عالی بود. محشر. برای من به خوبی نشان‌دهنده سختی‌هایی بود که یک زن در چنین جامعه کهنه ذهن مواجه می‌شود. واسیلی و یاکوف پدر و پسری که برای خاطر یک زن، «مالوا» به سر هم می‌زنند دریغ از اینکه حتی شده از خودشان بپرسند، مالوا چه می‌خواهد؟ مالوا نه‌ واسیلی و کتک‌هایش را می‌خواست نه یاکوف و بی‌شعوری‌هایش را. و سریوژکا برای من نمونه واضح همان حرفی است خیلی‌هامان می‌زنیم: هرجایی خوب و بد دارد.
شخصیت سریوژکا برای من فوق‌العاده بود. او خود را با همان حرفش در مورد مالوا ثابت می‌کند که می‌گوید: جسم او لایق روحش نیست.
آدم وقتی کتاب‌هایی را می‌خواند که هم کتاب خوبی اند و هم کم‌آوازه دلش می‌خواهد دیگر دوباره سراغ کتاب‌های عامه پسند نرود. هنوزم فکر می‌کنم چرا نازنین، آوارگان و «مالوا» معروف نشدند؟

15:29
15 January-2025

[Ezequiel Gonzalez · Rating 4 out of 5]

“¡Si todo eso fuera tierra! ¡Y tierra fertil! ¡Y si se pudiera labrar todo!”

Jacobo es un extranjero en la cosa, ve todo a traves del prisma del mujik que es un trabajador de la tierra, solida y previsible, la tierra se trabaja para conseguir sustento. Asi tambien es Vasily, que busca encasillar a su amante en las formas de una mujer de aldea. Pero ambos erran, Malva es una mujer de mar, no de tierra. Ella es todo lo opuesto, libre, espontánea y salada como el agua de mar. Quieren arar el mar pero eso no puede hacerse. Y a causa de este fallo es que se pierden el uno al otro a cambio de nada. Malva es agua salada, a ambos se les escurre de las manos lastimadas por el arado, dejándoles el cruel recuerdo de la frescura y un profundo ardor.

[Rocío Bernabéu · Rating 5 out of 5]

Maravillosas descripciones sobre el mar y la libertad, y la dimensión psicológica de los personajes es excepcional.

Me gustaría destacar cómo aparece el tema del movimiento de las personas, cómo se ligan a los lugares que habitan y por qué deciden abandonar estos lugares.

El personaje de Malva es muy bello.

[Elizabet Lőrincz · Rating 4 out of 5]

Kellemes de rövid. Viszont tetszett Malva jelleme. Olyan gondtalan ahogy kezelte a dolgokat, meg ahogy a férfiakkal bánt. Szerjozska nem volt kifejezetten szimpatikus, de érdekes figurának tűnt. Valószínűleg neki volt ,,köszönhető’’ az egész kifejlet.

[Amanda Bento · Rating 3 out of 5]

As descrições da praia são maravilhosas e que vontade que deu de ir pegar um sol e molhar o pé no mar. "E sorriu o mar...." acabou se tornando uma das minhas aliterações favoritas que acontecem no conto inteiro.

[Ivy-Mabel Fling · Rating 5 out of 5]

The extraordinary depictions of the beauty and vastness of the ocean clash in this brief novella with the inability of the protagonists to lead a peaceful and harmonious life. With little to do except to admire the tides and the gulls, the characters to whom we are introduced seem (apart from drinking) to spend their time threatening and beating their 'friends' and family and being consumed with jealousy and fury. A story that sees a good beating as a sign of love is certainly worth reading!

[Medrick · Rating 3 out of 5]

I loved it, the sun, the beach, the beautiful girl and that rude guy, just love it

[Holger · Rating 2 out of 5]

Nur kaputte Gestalten.

[Efrain Pérez Pinzón · Rating 4 out of 5]

Novela corta, pero suficiente para describir personajes, un aspecto de la familia y que era lo importante según las costumbres,entretenida la recomiendo. Tiene una buena prosa.

[Laura · Rating 5 out of 5]

Kisha kohe qe nuk me binin ne dore libra me fjali kaq te bukura dhe magjike qe vetem shkrimtaret Ruse mund ti krijojne. Faleminderit dhe perkthyesit.

[Stevo Ilišković]

Od žene čovek ne može pobeći kaogod ni od smrti.

A kada ja tako pogledam u tebe... šta si ti uopšte? Nisi ni mačka, ni riba, ni prica... A ipak od svega toga ima u tebi ponešto.

A ko premišlja, tome se dojadi život... Čovek treba da uvek ponešto radi, da uvek bude među svetom... i da mu pokaže da je živ... Život treba češće mešati, kako ne bi zagoreo... Probijaj se kroz njega... pa će ti sve oko tebe izgledati veselo...

[Titan Rojo · Rating 5 out of 5]

Mi primer libro de Gorki, la verdad me sorprendió que un cueto corto pueda haberme atrapado de tal manera, como describe la familia rusa dela época (1897) y las relaciones que en esta se puede dar en el seno de la misma, los personajes son muy interesantes y complejos.