The treatment of the orations rhetorically and logically has been very much extended, with the hope of making the book more useful, not only for the study of Latin, but also for the study of rhetorical composition generally. The very numerous illustrations have not been inserted merely to make a picture book, but to give the pupil some sense of the reality of the orations as a part of history. Teachers and others who take a more intelligent interest in these ancient memorials, will find much explanatory and critical comment in the numbered list of illustrations. A very large increase of introductory matter has seemed desirable in view of the growing interest in the study of the history of civilization.
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Born 3 January 106 BC, Arpinum, Italy Died 7 December 43 BC (aged 63), Formia, Italy
Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. Cicero is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.
Note: All editions should have Marcus Tullius Cicero as primary author. Editions with another name on the cover should have that name added as secondary author.
This review is of the Gutenberg book. The book has two primary sections. The 14 Philippic against Marcus Antonius and Cicero's orations on dialectics.
First the Philippics. Wow. These 14 speeches by Cicero to the Roman Senate took place in the year after the murder of Julius Caesar. Cicero was an unabashed backer and apologist for his good friend Brutus. He took it upon himself to denounce Marcus Antonius and champion Brutus. Although he did not trust the youthful Octavius Caesar, he sided with the ambitious adopted son of Julius against his hated rival Marcus Antonius. These 14 speeches are full of vitriol. He pulls no punches and denounces Marcus Antonius as a drunkard, a philander, a murderer, a fool, a thief, a corrupt politician and an enemy of the state. He continues his attack on Antonius through the chaos as Octavius, Antonius and Brutus vie for control following the power vacuum following Julius Caesar's assassination. Cicero realizes that he was risking his life with his antagonistic behavior, and he is correct. Cicero was beheaded by Antonius' loyalists and his decapitated head was presented to a gleeful Antonius.
The second half of the book are Cicero's instructions and thoughts on public speaking. He advises on how to deliver and craft a powerful speech. He is meticulous in breaking down exact phrasing and cadence. He is carrying on the works of Plato and especially Aristotle who literally wrote the book on these subjects. He also delves into legalistic philosophy and strategy to win an argument. He offers ways to use superior delivery, thoughtfully ordering the key points, preparing with facts, past cases, historical events, and legal policy knowledge, and manipulating language with synonyms, antonyms and phrasing to win challenging cases and arguments. A bit dry and a continuation of Aristotle's work, but certainly a brilliant thinker, orator, legal mind, and political tactician.
The Phillipics are more entertaining due to the intensity and historical backdrop than the dialectics. If you are looking for the source of Cicero's inspiration on that topic, start with Aristotle and you can skip this more loquacious and detailed variation of that theme.