A SHORT HISTORICAL SURVEY OF ST. NICHOLAS BECOMING ‘SANTA CLAUS’
Author Robin Crichton wrote in the first chapter of this 1987 book, “it was as an adult I began to discover Christmas… while I was making a film in Turkey, I had discovered that St. Nicholas had been born there… this tidbit of knowledge sparked off the idea for another film---a quest to discover the truth about Santa Claus. I discovered that he is simply the youngest of a quite remarkable and highly international family. His relatives are scattered all over the world---there is Sinter Klaas in the Netherlands, Father Christmas in England, the Weihnachtsmann in Germany, San Nicola in Italy, the Jultomten Julnisse in Scandinavia, and Nikolai Chudovorits in Russia, to name but a few. But they all have one thing in common—they are all connected with a man called Nicholas who was born seventeen hundred years ago in what is now south-west Turkey.” (Pg. 14)
He reports, “In 325 A.D. Constantine decreed that the Christian Church should agree on a common creed. All the bishops were summoned to Nicaea… for what was to be the first general council of the Christian Church… the debate was long and often heated—so heated, in fact, that at one point, it is said, Nicholas lost his temper and punched a fellow bishop on the nose!” (Pg. 24-25)
He recounts, “According to the Dutch, Sinter Klaas… has a secretary and a little Moorish assistant called Black Peter (Zwart Piet)… Every year… Black Peter loads up the toys and presents, and they all set sail for the Netherlands… While Sinter Klaas listens to whispered confessions, Black Peter distributes small presents or, supposedly, the occasional reprimand… Black Peter has the job of dealing with the bad ones. If children have been naughty he should leave a switch instead of a present so that the parents can give them a beating. If they have been excessively bad he is supposed to carry them off in his sack.” (Pg. 51-53)
He notes, “Throughout Protestant Europe, St. Nicholas was secularized. In Holland, Sint Niklaas became the vernacular Sinter Klaas and while he kept the medieval garb of a bishop complete with mitre and crozier, he became a figure of fun---a folk character with no religious connotations.” (Pg. 76)
He states, “In 1852 [Santa] had a town named after him: a small community in Indiana which had been settled by German-speaking immigrants from Switzerland… it was agreed the town would be known as Santa Claus. In due course a post office was established and the little community continued, virtually unnoticed by the outside world, until during First World War letters addressed to Santa Claus started arriving. The Postmaster wrote replies and … the whole story was publicized … The number of children’s letters to Santa Claus increased so dramatically that the Postmaster simply could not cope… And today the tradition continues… Every letter gets answered---almost 15,000 every year, and in addition there are a further million letters mailed for individuals and companies who simply want the post mark. Of course everything in the town has the name Santa Claus. There’s a Santa Claus Cemetery, a Santa Claus Sheriff, a Santa Claus Boiler Company, and even a Santa Claus Fire Department, equipped with a tender called Rudolph with a large red light glowing on the ‘nose’ of its engine!” (Pg. 94-96)
This book will be of interest to those studying the history of Santa Claus.