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تاريخ التحليل النفسي

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219 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 2022

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Sigmund Freud

4,358 books8,487 followers
Dr. Sigismund Freud (later changed to Sigmund) was a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential—and controversial—minds of the 20th century.

In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital. He collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist Jean Charcot. On his return to Vienna the following year, Freud set up in private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders. The same year he married Martha Bernays, with whom he had six children.

Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.

In 1902, Freud was appointed Professor of Neuropathology at the University of Vienna, a post he held until 1938. Although the medical establishment disagreed with many of his theories, a group of pupils and followers began to gather around Freud. In 1910, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with Carl Jung, a close associate of Freud's, as the president. Jung later broke with Freud and developed his own theories.

After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structural model of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.

In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.

Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.

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Profile Image for Areeg Farghali.
78 reviews8 followers
March 23, 2025
أربعة عشر محاضرة في التحليل النفسي لدكتور "سيجموند فرويد" بالتأكيد سيكون كتابا دسما من الناحية العلمية على الرغم من أنه حاول أن تكون المحاضرات مبسطة الى حد ما ..

دعنى اتحدث عن بعض النقاط المهمة والأساسية في هذا الكتاب وأولها هو
القمع ..
والذي يعد حجر أساس في الانحرافات السلوكية والأمراض النفسية العصابية حيث تبين أن كل التجارب المؤلمة قد تضمنت دافعا أمنيا كان في تناقض حاد مع رغبات الذات الأخرى والذي ثبت أنه غير متوافق مع المعايير الأخلاقية وادي هذا الصراع الداخلى إلى دفع كل الذكريات المؤلمة خارج الوعي ثم نسيانها.

وكيف يحدث علاج هذا الكبت أو القمع ؟
يحدث من خلال تتبع المسارات التي تم على طولها الاستبدال في سياق التحليل النفسي للمريض ثم إعادة الأعراض الي نفس المسارات وتحويلها مرة أخرى إلى فكرة مكبوتة

ومن أهم أعراض الكبت هو القلق فهو أحد ردود أفعال الأنا لرفض الرغبات المكبوتة التي أصبحت قوية بما يكفي ..

ولماذا في الأساس يحدث الكبت أو القمع ..لأن الأنا لا تستطيع أن تهرب من نفسها
وهنا يجب أن نرجع الى كتاب "الأنا والهو والانا العليا" لتفهم بوضوح كيفية عمل الأنا...

هذه بعض النقاط البسيطة جدا من المحاضرات حيث أنه كما ذكرت الكتاب مادة علمية دسمة جدا ولا يجوز أن يكون أول قرآتك لفرويد ..
يجب أن تقرأ وتفهم نظريته من خلال كتبه الاولى لتستطيع مواكبة وفهم هذا الكتاب ..
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