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232 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1918
In that singular light every little tree and shock of wheat, every sunflower stalk and clump of snow on the mountain, drew itself up high and pointed; the very clods and furrows in the fields seemed to stand up sharply. I felt the old pull of the earth, the solemn magic that comes of those fields at nightfall.
The whole prairie was like the bush that burned with fire and was not consumed. That hour always had the exultation of victory, of triumphant ending, like a hero's death-heroes who died young and gloriously. It was a sudden transfiguration, a lifting-up of day.
Years afterward, when the open-grazing days were over, and the red grass had been ploughed under and under until it had almost disappeared from the prairie; when all the fields were under fence, and the roads no longer ran about like wild things, but followed the surveyed section-lines, Mr. Shimerda's grave was still there, with a sagging wire fence around it, and an unpainted wooden cross.
About us it was growing darker and darker, and I had to look hard to see her face, which I meant always to carry with me; the closest, the realest face, under all the shadows of women's faces, at the very bottom of my memory.
I wanted to walk straight on through the red grass and over the edge of the world, which could not be very far away. The light air about me told me that the world ended here: only the ground and sun and sky were left, and if one went a little farther there would be only sun and sky, and one would float off into them, like the tawny hawks which sailed over our heads making slow shadows on the grass.
More than any other person we remembered, this girl seemed to mean to us the country, the conditions, the whole adventure of our childhood. I had lost sight of her altogether, but Jim had found her again after long years, and had renewed a friendship that meant a great deal to him. His mind was full of her that day. He made me see her again, feel her presence, revived all my old affection for her.Jim had been writing down memories of her, and several months afterwards shows up at Cather’s Manhattan apartment with the manuscript. Which is ostensibly the novel we are about to read.
The light air about me told me that the world ended here: only the ground and sun and sky were left, and if one went a little farther, there would be only sun and sky, and one would float off into them, like the tawny hawks which sailed over our heads making slow shadows on the grass.
I was something that lay under the sun and felt it, like the pumpkins, and I did not want to be anything more. I was entirely happy. Perhaps we feel like that when we die and become a part of something entire, whether it is sun and air, or goodness and knowledge. At any rate, that is happiness; to be dissolved into something complete and great. When it comes to one, it comes as naturally as sleep.
If I told my schoolmates that Lena Lingard's father was a clergyman, and much respected in Norway, they looked at me blankly. What did it matter? All foreigners were ignorant people who couldn't speak English. There was not a man in Black Hawk who had the intelligence or cultivation, much less the personal distinction, of Antonia's father. Yet people saw no difference between her and the three Marys; they were all Boheminans, all hired girls.
I was something that lay under the sun and felt it, like the pumpkins, and I did not want to be anything more. I was entirely happy. Perhaps we feel like that when we die and become a part of something entire, whether it is sun and air, or goodness and knowledge. At any rate, that is happiness; to be dissolved into something complete and great. When it comes to one, it comes as naturally as sleep.
"I do not remember crossing the Missouri River, or anything about the long day’s journey through Nebraska. Probably by that time I had crossed so many rivers that I was dull to them. The only thing very noticeable about Nebraska was that it was still, all day long, Nebraska" ...Jim was a peripheral onlooker into the lives of the people around him. He had a keen eye for detail.
"The immigrants rumbled off into the empty darkness, and we followed them..."
"I tried to go to sleep, but the jolting made me bite my tongue, and I soon began to ache all over. When the straw settled down I had a hard bed. Cautiously I slipped from under the buffalo hide, got up on my knees and peered over the side of the wagon. There seemed to be nothing to see; no fences, no creeks or trees, no hills or fields. If there was a road, I could not make it out in the faint starlight. There was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the material out of which countries are made. No, there was nothing but land—slightly undulating, I knew, because often our wheels ground against the brake as we went down into a hollow and lurched up again on the other side.
I had the feeling that the world was left behind, that we had got over the edge of it, and were outside man’s jurisdiction. I had never before looked up at the sky when there was not a familiar mountain ridge against it. But this was the complete dome of heaven, all there was of it.
I did not believe that my dead father and mother were watching me from up there; they would still be looking for me at the sheep-fold down by the creek, or along the white road that led to the mountain pastures. I had left even their spirits behind me. The wagon jolted on, carrying me I knew not whither. I don’t think I was homesick. If we never arrived anywhere, it did not matter. Between that earth and that sky I felt erased, blotted out. I did not say my prayers that night: here, I felt, what would be would be."
"In the morning, when I was fighting my way to school against the wind, I couldn’t see anything but the road in front of me; but in the late afternoon, when I was coming home, the town looked bleak and desolate to me. The pale, cold light of the winter sunset did not beautify—it was like the light of truth itself.Where the natural landscape around him turned gray and stale in winter, another source of color would come from the church's stained-glass windows, the lights bursting from the homes at night, and the warm merry sounds of music lingering everywhere in the hearts of the inhabitants.
When the smoky clouds hung low in the west and the red sun went down behind them, leaving a pink flush on the snowy roofs and the blue drifts, then the wind sprang up afresh, with a kind of bitter song, as if it said: “This is reality, whether you like it or not. All those frivolities of summer, the light and shadow, the living mask of green that trembled over everything, they were lies, and this is what was underneath. This is the truth.” It was as if we were being punished for loving the loveliness of summer. [pg 198]
"First the deep purring of Mr. Vanni’s harp came in silvery ripples through the blackness of the dusty-smelling night; then the violins fell in—one of them was almost like a flute. They called so archly, so seductively, that our feet hurried toward the tent of themselves. Why hadn’t we had a tent before? [pg 224]It would become the great equalizer in town, where the white-handed, high-collared clerks and bookkeepers allowed themselves to dance with the 'hired girls', who were generally regarded as dangerous as high explosives by the townsfolk. Those dangerous girls included the Bohemian Marys, Lena Lingard and Tiny Soderball. They were all Jimmy's childhood friends out on the farms, and enjoyed pivotal roles in his decisions.
To speak her name was to call up pictures of peoples and places, to set a quiet drama going in one’s brain.
Between the earth and the sky I felt erased blotted out. I did not say my prayers that night: here, I felt, what would be would be.
Her warm, sweet face, her kind arms, and the true heart in her; she was, oh, she was still my Antonia!
Now I understood that the same road was to bring us together again. Whatever we had missed, we possessed together the precious, the incommunicable past.
"'People who don't like this country ought to stay at home,' I said severely. 'We don't make them come here.'"Through Jim "every man" Burden, Cather reveals the Midwest attitudes towards immigration/others. At first he has prejudged them unfavorably but more and more exposure to them allows him to understand, accept and even appreciate them and their differences. He also comes to understand the systemic privileges he has that Antonia does not. Privileged bestowed upon him as a white male and as an American born male.
"'Why aren't you always nice like this, Tony?' 'How nice?' 'Why, just like this; like yourself. Why do you all the time try to be like Ambrosch?' She put her arms under her head and lay back, looking up at the sky. 'If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us.'Burden is ahead of his time in his evolution on the roles of women. He is at first disdainful of Antonia because she is too masculine,
"Nowadays Tony could talk of nothing but the prices of things, or how much she could lift and endure. She was too proud of her strength."but evolves to even appreciate "hired girls" as having a purpose
"Physically they were almost a race apart, and out-of-door work had given them a vigour which, when they got over their first shyness on coming to town, developed into a positive carriage and freedom of movement, and made them conspicuous among Black Hawk women."and thus being more interesting than those American girls who do nothing all day in relative comfort waiting for their future husbands.
"Some of the high-school girls were jolly and pretty, but they stayed indoors in winter because of the cold, and in summer because of the heat. When one danced with them, their bodies never moved inside their clothes; their muscles seemed to ask but one thing—not to be disturbed. I remember those girls merely as faces in the schoolroom, gay and rosy, or listless and dull, cut off below the shoulders"In the end, Burden's view of Antonia is wistful. The brilliance in this book is that they met as children, Burden with the notion that they both had unlimited potential. While growing up together he sees, her options evaporating while his only multiply and he realizes it has everything to do with her ethnic background (and gender) and not much to do with the quality or values of the person.
"As piano-playing, it was perhaps abominable, but as music it was something real, vitalized by a sense of rhythm that was stronger than his other physical senses—that not only filled his dark mind, but worried his body incessantly. To hear him, to watch him, was to see a Negro enjoying himself as only a Negro can"Bear in mind that this man is doing nothing but playing a piano. What about him conjured up an image of a dark mind? There is so much casual racism in this sentence/book it drives me nuts. Here is another passage in which Cather is trying to describe a woman who is seen as cold and unapproachable in town
"She was tall, dark, severe, with something Indian-like in the rigid immobility of her face. Her manner was cold, and she talked little. Guests felt that they were receiving, not conferring, a favour"Cather a product of her time?!? Perhaps. But in these times, no one gets a pass from me. This is racism and dismissing it with the notion of "that was the way they thought back then" is the kind of thing that gets passed along through generations and leads to ridiculous things like building a wall on one border, as seemingly reasonable. We need to see it for what it is. Acknowledge it. Don't dismiss it as "that was the era" because it still exists today and is every bit as blatant.