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Chimpanseepolitiek

Frans de Waal

4.27 · Rating details · 1,056 ratings · 79 reviews

In 1976 brak in de chimpanseekolonie in Burgers Zoo in Arnhem een langdurige machtsstrijd uit tussen de drie sterkste mannen: Luit, Yeroen en Nikki. Frans de Waals onderzoek van dit conflict was uniek in zijn nauwkeurigheid en uitvoerigheid, en de discussie die hij met Chimpanseepolitiek heeft losgemaakt is nog altijd niet verstomd. Newt Gingrich, voormalig voorzitter van ...more

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280 pages

Published June 2010 by Olympus (first published 1982)

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Jun 09, 2014 David rated it liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: science, society-politics

Interesting book. The more scientifically-inclined should note this is more like an anthropologist's report on observing a remote culture than a popular science description of the collective results of scientific studies.

In order to get a better idea of chimp group behavior than is possible with small numbers of chimps in zoos or living in people's home, they wanted to watch a sizable group. It's difficult to see all the interactions that occur in the wild. So, they put a group in a large ...more

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Nov 28, 2018 Artur Olczyk rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Chimpanzee Politics by Frans de Waal is an attempt to provide a valid overview of what the author believes can be coined as politics among our closest genetic relatives, the chimpanzees. He does an excellent job, mostly.

By following a popular definition of politics, he describes it as a social process determining who gets what, when, and how, and further says that

there can be little doubt that chimpanzess engage in it.

Subsequent chapters describe a chimpanzee colony in the Arnhem Zoo, the Chimpanzee Politics by Frans de Waal is an attempt to provide a valid overview of what the author believes can be coined as politics among our closest genetic relatives, the chimpanzees. He does an excellent job, mostly.

By following a popular definition of politics, he describes it as a social process determining who gets what, when, and how, and further says that

there can be little doubt that chimpanzess engage in it.

Subsequent chapters describe a chimpanzee colony in the Arnhem Zoo, the Netherlands, and its relation to social interactions, such as reciprocity and strategic intelligence.

Reader's main concern is raised early in the book, with the author's parallel between his study and island biogeography. De Waal rightly points out that the relative simplicity of islands has allowed naturalists, such as Darwin, to develop ideas applicable to more complex systems. He then concludes, though, that since

the chimpanzee island at the Arnhem Zoo housed a limited number of chimpanzees [just like a real island], under simplified conditions,

the principles he presents in his case-study apply to apes on an island and apes in the zoo.

The author does not seem to acknowledge that those simplified conditions in the said environments can, and most probably do, derive from non-identical conditions. For wild apes, they can be advantageous just as much as potentially lethal (e.g. weather-relative factors, like abundance or scarcity of food), whereas the apes in the zoo do not have to face negative consequences of their surrounding. In a footnote, the author evokes further parallels drawn by another primatologist, Christopher Boehm. Yet, he somehow fails to mention that Boehm points out to factors - non-existent in a zoo - that can potentially breach social structure of wild apes, such as inter-group conflicts that, for instance, put pressure on adult males and make them evidently more agressive towards infants (vide: Hierarchy in the Forest). He admits that superficial conditions were applied to study the Arnhem colony:

In Arnhem the problem of competition for food has beem effectively solved by two measures. First, the public are kept away from the animals so that they cannot feed them. Second, the apes are split up every evening into small groups and fed in the cen cages where they sleep [in order to alleviate the aggression among the chimpanzees].

If anything, the Arnhem zoo is more like a haven than a recreation of natural enviornment.

Nevertheless, Frans de Waal's study is exemplary in describing intra-group behavioural patterns and their interdependency. He brilliantly shows how important formalized ranks among chimpanzees are and what influences them. When the ranks become unclear, a dominance struggle ensues. Chimpanzees, just like humans, form coalitions (vide: Sociobiology) in order to gain power. There is a very interesting example of such a coalition between three adult males ('the triumvirate') that showcases a striking similarity to human coalitions.

Moreover, he book tackles issues such as the importance of stability and balance among the chimpanzees in the group. The human economic system, with its reciprocal transactions and centralization, is recognizable among our distant cousins, too (they exchange social favours rather than gifts). Also, chimpanzees can rationalize strategies and engage in games of social manipulations to achieve their goals, for instance, by sexual intercourse.

The biggest advantage of this book is its personal character. De Waal provides multiple examples and anecdotes, such as the Big Escape. Despite the warnings from the zoo officials, several large branches were left lying around on the ape's island. Apparently, the chimpanzees placed branches against a wall and scaled the wall. Some of them visited a restaurant that day and ate oranges and bananas. ...more

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Sep 26, 2008 rachelm rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: nonfiction, psychology, nature-writing

Fascinating narrative about social interactions and power struggles in a chimpanzee colony in a Dutch zoo.

This book is at its strongest when chronicling events dispassionately and allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions about analogues to human behavior, and weaker when the author draws heavy handed explicit comparisons and ventures into sociological studies on human gender and hierarchy. The author references Machiavelli several times, and I think this book is well read in ...more

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Apr 13, 2012 David Olmsted rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: animal-behavior

This book covers the introduction of a chimpanzee colony into a large Arnhem zoo habitat during the late 1970’s. Because the zoo provides food and a safe territory it is not natural environment but it allows for close observations of internal group dynamics. The core of the colony are the females with their offspring who above all seek stable peaceful internal group dynamics along with good food and secure territory. Chimps (but like humans and baboons) are unique among the great apes in that ...more

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Mar 15, 2013 Scriptor Ignotus rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: science

This book was recommended reading by an old college professor of mine; a politics professor. I never had a course with him in which he used this book, but he referred to it all the time, eliciting my interest as well as attracting the derision of other faculty members, who referred disparagingly to his love of "the chimp book." I've been out of college for a while now, but when I saw a copy in the library I knew it was finally time.

Chimpanzees are considered by many to be the species closest to This book was recommended reading by an old college professor of mine; a politics professor. I never had a course with him in which he used this book, but he referred to it all the time, eliciting my interest as well as attracting the derision of other faculty members, who referred disparagingly to his love of "the chimp book." I've been out of college for a while now, but when I saw a copy in the library I knew it was finally time.

Chimpanzees are considered by many to be the species closest to mankind in terms of psychology, personality, and social structure, and the observations of this book make it easy to see why. Like humans, chimps have distinctive and very noticeable personalities which are often distinguished by their facial features. Like humans, they are social and status-conscious. Perhaps most importantly, chimps more than any other animal besides humans have a need and a capacity for both group solidarity and for the constant management and alteration of power relations within the local community, making them capable both of fierce conflict amongst themselves as well as of keeping close ranks in the face of outside threats. Much to the chagrin of hippies and feminists, who wish that our society was more like that of the bonobos, who lean towards matriarchy and resolve most of their conflicts with sex, we seem to be far more related to the alpha-male-dominated, war fighting clans of the chimpanzee, with whom we share a common evolutionary ancestry. As de Waal states, Aristotle had no idea how correct he was when he said that man is a political animal.

The book is an account of the social interactions De Waal and his team observed among a preserve of chimps at Arnhem during the 1970s. The centerpiece of the narrative, and the source of its most memorable moments, detail the power struggle between the three leading males of the group: Yeroen, Luit, and Nikkie, each of whom spends time being on both the top of the hierarchy and lower down the chain. As with human beings, chimpanzee societies are not strictly hierarchical; each member of a group exerts some level of power and influence, and as each of the leading males found out, brute force is not enough to maintain leadership. Chimps, like humans, form coalitions to overcome stronger opponents, and each successive change of leadership occurs because one of the rising male chimps forms relationships of cooperation or intimidation with the other members of the group (particularly the females), gradually leaving the alpha male isolated. For instance, Luit gains power over Yeroen, the original alpha male, in part by harassing and intimidating the females of the group whenever he sees them cooperating with Yeroen.

A good portion of the book talks about sexual relations among the chimps through the prism of power relations, as chimp sexuality is usually bound up with power and status (unlike with humans, of course). Some of the male-female interactions de Waal relates reminded me amusingly of old cartoons from the 1950s. Female chimps, for instance, will sometimes instigate a male chimp into attacking another female with whom she currently has a quarrel. She will do this by going over to the male chimp and behaving very affectionately towards him (chimps kiss each other much as humans do), while motioning in the direction of the offending female and screaming or hooting at her. When the male chimp goes to put a beatdown on the other female, the instigating female will sit back and watch. Women.

As Frans de Waal says in his conclusion, politics is older than humanity. ...more

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May 30, 2014 Justin Heyes-jones rated it really liked it · review of another edition

"If we look straight and deep into a chimpanzee's eyes, an intelligent, self-assured personality looks back at us."

The author, Frans de Waal, is a primatologist who for several years studied a colony of chimps in Arnhem zoo. Although studying them out of the wild like this is not an entirely natural setting, the zoo visitors are kept well back, and the chimps have been found to act very much like they do in the wild in most respects. In addition the setting allows them to be watched close up ...more

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Jun 21, 2013 Stephen rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: science, biology, animal-behavior

Back in the 1970s, primatologist Frans de Waal conducted one of the first extensive studies into the social structures of chimpanzees. Chimpanzee Politics is the result, establishing facts now taken for granted, namely that chimpanzee populations are organized by rank, which for males influences how successful they are are spreading their genes. It also illustrates their startling intelligence, both social and physical; de Waal witnessed chimpanzees collaborating to overcome obstacles, like Back in the 1970s, primatologist Frans de Waal conducted one of the first extensive studies into the social structures of chimpanzees. Chimpanzee Politics is the result, establishing facts now taken for granted, namely that chimpanzee populations are organized by rank, which for males influences how successful they are are spreading their genes. It also illustrates their startling intelligence, both social and physical; de Waal witnessed chimpanzees collaborating to overcome obstacles, like electrified wire wrapped around the base of a tree that could provide a bounty of food in leaves, as well as engaging in Machiavelli-level manipulation to increase their status within the community. Admittedly, some of this is subjective, but only some, and de Waal's ideas were confirmed by other researchers' observations of different populations, like Jane Goodall's Gombe Valley project. Chimpanzee Politics makes for fascinating reading if you've an interest in our fellow primates: de Waal's work indicates that leadership, even in a sheltered environment like the zoo enclosure in Arnhem where he did his work -- comes with responsibilities, like keeping order. Alpha males haven't simply brute-forced their way into the top of the sexing order; they're seemingly expected to protect the weak against the strong and settle disputes. de Waal also points out that leadership in a chimpanzee tribe isn't limited to brute force: he demonstrates how an older, deposed chimpanzee was able to maintain a position of immense influence by continuing playing two young contenders for the seat of power off of one another. It's rather like a game of Survivor, with less whining and more fur -- and instead of being voted off, you get beaten senseless. de Waal's study did have its limitations: the chimpanzees did not interact with other tribes, nor did they compete for food, so important aspects of the equation are missing. He did compare his experiences with those of Goodall's, however, and his general conclusions aren't at odds with those she reached in Through a Mirror ...more

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Aug 11, 2009 Steven Peterson rated it really liked it · review of another edition

This is a revised version of Frans de Waal's widely read work "Chimpanzee Politics." At the outset, de Waal notes that he uses the term "politics" very consciously. He says: "If we follow Harold Lasswell's famous definition of politics as a social process determining 'who gets what, when, how,' there can be little doubt that chimpanzees engage in it. The events depicted in this volume come from the Arnhem Zoo chimpanzee colony. That itself is problematic, since chimpanzees (and other animals) in ...more

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Feb 22, 2012 Graham rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: non-computer-books

Chimpanzee Politics is a narrative about the social interactions of a group of chimpanzees in a Dutch zoo monitored by primatologist Frans De Waal in the late 70s. Although chimpanzees have no verbal language, their social interactions are very complex. The majority of the book focuses on the dynamics of how alliances are forged and broken. Many of the males strive to become the alpha male, however this is not a feat that is possible without support, including the females, as even a very strong ...more

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Jul 06, 2012 Juliusz Gonera rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Chimp social organisation is much more intricate than you think.

Memorable quotes:
"Nikkie is the highest-ranking ape but he is completely dependent on Yeoren.
Luit is individually the most powerful. But when it comes to who can push
others aside, then Mama is the boss"

"[..] this would suggest that reciprocity among chimpanzees is governed by the
same sense of moral rightness and justice as it is among humans"

"When Aristotle referred to man as a political animal he could not know just
how near the ...more

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Nov 17, 2011 Joe Iacovino rated it really liked it · review of another edition

This was a great look at a chimpanzee life. De Waal notes that obviously there will be some differences in the wild versus his observations of the chimp colony at Arnhem, but the vast majority will be similar. This is an informative and enthralling look at chimp life (and none to subtly our own) among the leaders and absolutely delivers on the title with no deviation from the topic. This edition includes a heartbreaking epilogue and I highly recommend it. Simply an outstanding treatment and good ...more

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Jan 15, 2008 Caroline rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

This book is such an amazing classic. If you want to know about primate behavior Frans de Waal from Emory and the Yerkes Primate Center is the ultimate authority! A lot of his students and other scientists frequently work with us. At any rate, this guy has done nothing but live and breathe primates his entire life and WOW did he get this thing started! I don't even adhere to the normal rules of people primate society anymore....once you work with Chimps its Chimpanzee Politics man.....that's all ...more

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Feb 13, 2008 James Specht rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

One of the best books I've read in months. Its very scientific and informative without being dry and too academic. I enjoyed the book on that level of curiosity about how similar we are to apes on how some so called "Human" traits are older than humans themselves. To be honest, the real reason I enjoyed this book is how like a Soap Opera it is... I got totally wrapped up in the stories of power struggles between the Alpha Males of the group and the dynasty powerful female chimps. Utterly ...more

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Feb 22, 2011 Carlos Alonso-Niemeyer rated it liked it · review of another edition

Now this is a must for managers and anyone in politics. Newt Ginwrich used to give this book to all incoming freshman to Washington. This book tells you about alliances, paranoia and how to make peace at the basic level.
If you are the boss, and you rule like a tyrant, watch your back. Someone is always ready to take you down.
Read this book and use his conclusions to modify your body language and establish alliances with others.

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May 28, 2011 Vasha7 rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

A truly fascinating elucidation of the mechanisms of power, affinity, aggression, reconciliation, and manipulation among a colony of chimpanzees at a zoo. What struck me was the flexibility and calculation of the interactions. Socialization and learning also played a large part. Also, there was remarkable flexibility in gender roles, as particularly illustrated by the story of Mama; to say that males "naturally" rule is oversimplified.

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Apr 03, 2008 Andrea rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

I work with chimps so its no surprise Id find this interesting. However, de Waal writes in a way that makes even non-primate oriented folk enjoy and learn. Chimps are pretty fascinating in that they seem to just incautiously DO what humans use words to describe. Often quite ugly to watch, but unavoidably recognizable.

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Aug 19, 2012 Annelie Wendeberg rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

That book will give you some fundamental insight into ape (=human) behaviour.

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Sep 04, 2009 Stephanie rated it really liked it · review of another edition

I had to read this for a Sociology class. I was very surprised to find that it was actually a good book. Who knew chimpanzee politics would be fascinating!

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Oct 13, 2012 Ellen Whyte rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Behaviourists rarely write like human beings but Van de Waal is an exception. Brilliantly written and thought provoking.

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Oct 15, 2008 Kate rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Recommended to Kate by: Ben W

The title says it all except this: chimpanzees are people who don't pretend to be civilized. It's fascinating, disturbing, and hilarious.

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Jun 11, 2014 Paul Browne rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Striking parallels with human interactions that caused me to reconsider my perspective of forming and re-forming coalitions.

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Jun 19, 2012 AC rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Gorgeous book that really gives you an interesting look into the complexities of chimpanzee social dynamics. Highly recommend for anyone interested in our closest relatives.

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May 27, 2008 Poppy rated it really liked it · review of another edition

People are just like apes. Over and over this is made clear to me.

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Nov 04, 2018 Ken Lenoir rated it really liked it · review of another edition

a really enlightening book! full disclosure, I read this on recommendation from a few politicians who said it gives some insight into human behavior. I have no interest in chimpanzees in particular, but in how similar their social system is to humans and what that means to us from our "base" motives up.

Some interesting takeaways:

grooming is the most frequent social activity in chimps, and the calming affect is has on them could easily be likened to, in human relations, "emotional grooming" or a really enlightening book! full disclosure, I read this on recommendation from a few politicians who said it gives some insight into human behavior. I have no interest in chimpanzees in particular, but in how similar their social system is to humans and what that means to us from our "base" motives up.

Some interesting takeaways:

grooming is the most frequent social activity in chimps, and the calming affect is has on them could easily be likened to, in human relations, "emotional grooming" or something if that nature: listening to one another, allaying each other's fears, encouraging their dreams, giving people emotional support in one way or another, recognizing them, "seeing them"/paying attention to them and their emotional state.

the alpha in chimp colonies is not necessarily the strongest or the one who can fight the best, though that is certainly a factor, the alpha is the one who has most successfully got the support of the majority of the group and who the group supports because of the emotional bonds built through grooming, defense/protection against hostilities within or outside of the group, assistance in aggression against others, and distribution of extra resources whenever found.

the alpha in a chimp colony isn't necessarily a privilege but more of a duty (although it does some with significant advantages) because the group can be fickle and turn against them if certain conditions aren't met, namely ensuring peace and order in the group by supporting "losers" in altercations and making sure there are peaceful relations among the chimps most of the time. if the group members start suffering because of discord in the group, the alpha's position is in danger.

there are certainly striking similarities to human politics in chimps. really fascinating!

would I recommend this book to others? if you want to see the primal drives of humans laid bare played out in a group of chimpanzees, absolutely. I'll give you my lukewarm recommendation because it is a rather indirect means of attaining this information, but maybe that's the only way of seeing it in its true objective form.

...more

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Jul 10, 2018 Sophia rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: academic-stuff, nature

This was a book that deserves the title of "classic", and certainly makes for a valuable read, but we've learned so much since then that the impact of the main message can appear underwhelming to the 21st century reader.

It describes the way in which a colony of chimpanzees manage to live together, essentially through the same machinations we recognize as politics. While by human standards their strategies are not exceedingly complex, you don't see anything like this to the same degree in the ...more

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Oct 15, 2018 Ellen rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Let's just say I have learned an absurd amount of chimpanzee facts and I love them all and I have made it my favorite pastime to spread these fun facts to all of my loved ones. This book is structured around monkeys in a single human-controlled (basically a zoo) colony called Arnhem. There are about 20 major characters. He details how males are different from females, the hierarchy, and how the hierarchy changed over years. Additionally he includes infographics about time spent together between ...more

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May 06, 2018 Julien Rapp rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: mind-brain

Chimpanzee Politics is a very engaging look into the long-term lives and social interactions within a group of Chimpanzees. It covers many aspects of their lives from growing up, to power struggles and building alliances. There are fights and are also displays of great compassion and empathy toward each other. It could stand in as one of the oldest soap operas ever written. If all you knew were the characters names, you could put them in any village, town or city. One thought I was left with at ...more

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Dec 14, 2018 Octopus rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

I bought it a while back but I was afraid to read it because this guy is my favorite scientist, and I feared that his opinions would be dated (read: sexist, racist, or both) and destroy my image of him. It's from 1982...
In the end I can say it's book worthy of admiration, even if I was sad to learn that Frans is not a feminist (and even slightly sexist at times).
I'll keep your autograph on my wall anyways, Frans.
A must read if you're interested in intelligence, ethology, politics, or all 3. ...more

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Feb 06, 2018 Joe rated it really liked it · review of another edition

A very interesting book about our closest relatives.

The fight for power, the dominance hierarchy and how the strongest is not always the winner but often the most intelligent.

How it can be much better to be second with many of the benefits but far fewer risks than being number 1.

How chimpanzees do often work as a team and sometimes join up in a coordinated attack to the death.

A lot of similarities to human society just a lot more obvious as true intentions are not hidden to the same degree.

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Oct 08, 2017 Kifah Maseeh rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: 2017

A wonderful piece that shows how close social bonds, interactions and structures within chimpanzee colonies are to ours. Though they might be perceived as anarchic, theres definitely order and organisations within the colonies. I would definitely want to visit Arnhem Zoo upon reading this book, especially after the very moving epilogue at the end. Although I never knew about this colony De Waal makes you feel right at home with the chimpanzee's of Arnhem, much like how he felt.

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About Frans de Waal

Frans de Waal

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Frans de Waal has been named one of Time magazine’s 100 Most Influential People. The author of Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?, among many other works, he is the C. H. Candler Professor in Emory University’s Psychology Department and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. He lives in Atlanta, Georgia.

Books by Frans de Waal

The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates

Our Inner Ape: A Leading Primatologist Explains Why We Are Who We Are

The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society

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“This book [...] demonstrates something we had already suspected on the grounds of the close connection between apes and man: that the social organization of chimpanzees is almost too human to be true.” — 4 likes

“Harold Laswell's famous definition of politics as a social process determining "who gets what, when, and how," there can be little doubt that chimpanzees engage in it. Since in both humans and their closest relatives the process involves bluff, coalitions, and isolation tactics, a common terminology is warranted.” — 1 likes

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