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Sufism: The Essentials

Mark Sedgwick

3.44 · Rating details · 25 ratings · 2 reviews

For more than a millennium, Sufism has been the core of the spiritual experience of countless Muslims. As the chief mystical tradition of Islam, it has helped to shape the history of Islamic societies.
Although it is the Sufi face of Islam that has often appealed to Westerners, Sufis and Sufism remain mysterious to many in the West, and are still widely misunderstood. In t ...more

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Paperback, 126 pages

Published November 15th 2003 by American University in Cairo Press (first published September 1st 2003)

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Feb 04, 2016 Stian rated it liked it

Shelves: philosophy-and-religion, owned-books, 2016

"People praise you for what they suppose is in you, 
but you must blame your soul for what you know is in it."

"People praise you for what they suppose is in you, 
but you must blame your soul for what you know is in it."

Sufism is the esoteric, inner, and mystical dimension of Islam. Based on "special devotion," devout Sufis will characterize themselves as "travellers on the path back to the maker." Many Sufis maintain that all the companions of the Prophet were Sufis, and that the first Sufi of all was Muhammad himself.

So, what's it all about? Muslims in general are supposed to follow the example of the Prophet, and Sufis are no exception. To do this, they must overcome their inner ego, their lower self, called the nafs. This is the "greater Jihad." The nafs is like a powerful and wild horse that must be controlled in order to truly find the path to God.

In order to control the nafs, Sufis follow a Shaykh, a teacher and spiritual guide for the Sufi. The Sufi loves his (or her, as anyone can be a Sufi) Shaykh, because he embodies the example of the Prophet. Indeed, many Sufi orders (and there are many of them across the globe) have been criticized for their devotion to the Shaykh. Some orders have even pronounced their Shaykh as Muhammad reborn -- although these claims have usually just been met with hostility.

Some prominent Sufis have also espused ideas similar to pantheism, and sometimes even polytheism (a grave sin in Islam). Some have talked about the Unity of Being -- Wahdat al-Wujud. You'd think Sufis who came out with these ideas would be attacked and downplayed, but contrary to today's Western perceptions, Islam has historically been a rather (relatively) inclusive and tolerant religion. Two prominent and very respected Sufis, surely known to Western ears also, is al-Ghazali and, most prominently, Rumi, who was not only a great poet, but also a great Shaykh.

Although Sufism has played a vital role in the spread of Islam and in defining and answering many problems pertaining to philosophy and theology in the course of history, it plays a lesser role today -- many Sufis are Sufis out of habit, having 'inherited' the belief. In many parts of the world today, Sufism is largely a social and communal thing, with varying religious importance ranging from the not-so-pious to the extremely pious. Sedgwick gives one example fo the communal and social aspect of Sufism:

"In the Sudan, for example, where land is plentiful if poor, it has been common for many centuries for a shaykh to establish on virgin land a khalwa (as the Sudanese call it) consisting of a few houses and a mosque. The Shaykh's followers then work the surrounding land, keeping some of the produce themselves and using some to support the community, which often comes to include children from the locality, sent to attend school at the khalwa."

Such 'communities' are not rare. In Senegal, the Mouride order has a city of its own, called Touba. There are many agricultural settlements in Somalia, and also orders across the Sahara. In some places, however, this is totally unkown, as in Egypt and Syria.

The modern state of Sufism is interesting, as Sedgwick writes

"In Egypt, then, the educated urban elites usually know almost nothing of Sufism, but have a very clear view of what it is: dirty, primitive, irrational, and nothing to do with Islam. In other countries, the picture is somewhat different. In contemporary Malaysia, for example, 'Sufism' is commonly taught in schools and universities, but it has been redefined as something which would best be translated into European languages as "ethics." Only in a very few countries such as the Sudan does Sufism retain its original prestige."

Regardless, Sufism is still around, and though Sufis are numerically significantly fewer now than before (mainly due to its clash with modernity), the indiviual who chooses to follow Sufism will find the same spiritual and esoteric dimension as those in the past before him.

...more

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May 16, 2019 Rasha rated it liked it

A good read for those who know little about Sufism and it’s relation to Islam .
If you know enough this would be back to basics/refresher kind of book .
It gives a good and probably quite accurate description and insight to Sufi life.

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About Mark Sedgwick

Mark Sedgwick

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Mark Sedgwick graduated with an MA from the Honour School of Modern History, University of Oxford in 1986. He gained his PhD in the Department of History at the University of Bergen in 1999. He has been a Professor in the Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Denmark, since 2011.