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古老的敵意
7月20日，北岛在2011香港书展上作题为“古老的敌意”的演讲。他援引诗人里尔克《安魂曲》中的名句--“正因为生活和伟大的作品之间/总存在某种古老的敌意……”他认为一个好的写作者应该有意识地保持与所处时代、母语以及自身的某种紧张关系，并在演讲中批判“粉丝文化”。
大约一个世纪前，奥地利诗人里尔克在《安魂曲》中写下这样的诗句：“因为生活和伟大的作品之间/总存在某种古老的敌意”。
二十世纪开始的岁月，在汉堡和不来梅之间的小镇沃尔普斯韦德(Worpswede)聚集着不少艺术家和作家，包括里尔克。他们一起听音乐会、参观博物馆，在狂欢之夜乘马车郊游。其中有两位年轻漂亮的女画家就像姐妹俩，金发的叫波拉，黑发的叫克拉拉。里尔克更喜欢金发的波拉，但不愿意破坏这对理想的双重影像。在观望中，一场混乱的追逐组合，待尘埃落定，波拉跟别人订了婚。里尔克选择了黑发的克拉拉，与她结婚生女。七年后，波拉因难产死去，里尔克写下这首《安魂曲》献给她。
这段插曲，或许有助于我们了解里尔克的诗歌写作与个人生活的关系。纵观里尔克的一生，可谓动荡不安，仅在第一次世界大战爆发前的四年间，他就在欧洲近五十个地方居住或逗留。里尔克在《秋日》一诗中写道：“谁此刻没有房子，就不必建造，/谁此刻孤独，就永远孤独”。这正是他漂泊生涯的写照。
里尔克的这两句诗“因为生活和伟大的作品之间/总存在某种古老的敌意”，对我来说有如持久的钟声，绵延不绝，意味深长，尤其在当今乱世，或许可引发更深一层的思考--对于以写作为毕生事业的人来说，我们今天应该如何生活、如何写作、如何理解并处理生活与写作的关系。
所谓“古老的敌意”，从字面上来看，“古老的”指的是原初的，带有某种宿命色彩，可追溯到文字与书写的源头；“敌意”则是一种诗意的说法，指的是某种内在的紧张与悖论。
大约一个世纪前，奥地利诗人里尔克在《安魂曲》中写下这样的诗句：“因为生活和伟大的作品之间/总存在某种古老的敌意”。
二十世纪开始的岁月，在汉堡和不来梅之间的小镇沃尔普斯韦德(Worpswede)聚集着不少艺术家和作家，包括里尔克。他们一起听音乐会、参观博物馆，在狂欢之夜乘马车郊游。其中有两位年轻漂亮的女画家就像姐妹俩，金发的叫波拉，黑发的叫克拉拉。里尔克更喜欢金发的波拉，但不愿意破坏这对理想的双重影像。在观望中，一场混乱的追逐组合，待尘埃落定，波拉跟别人订了婚。里尔克选择了黑发的克拉拉，与她结婚生女。七年后，波拉因难产死去，里尔克写下这首《安魂曲》献给她。
这段插曲，或许有助于我们了解里尔克的诗歌写作与个人生活的关系。纵观里尔克的一生，可谓动荡不安，仅在第一次世界大战爆发前的四年间，他就在欧洲近五十个地方居住或逗留。里尔克在《秋日》一诗中写道：“谁此刻没有房子，就不必建造，/谁此刻孤独，就永远孤独”。这正是他漂泊生涯的写照。
里尔克的这两句诗“因为生活和伟大的作品之间/总存在某种古老的敌意”，对我来说有如持久的钟声，绵延不绝，意味深长，尤其在当今乱世，或许可引发更深一层的思考--对于以写作为毕生事业的人来说，我们今天应该如何生活、如何写作、如何理解并处理生活与写作的关系。
所谓“古老的敌意”，从字面上来看，“古老的”指的是原初的，带有某种宿命色彩，可追溯到文字与书写的源头；“敌意”则是一种诗意的说法，指的是某种内在的紧张与悖论。
234 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2012
5 people want to read
About the author
Bei Dao
84 books122 followersName in Chinese: 北岛
Bei Dao ("Northern Island") is another name for Zhifu Island.
Bei Dao literally "Northern Island", born August 2, 1949) is the pen name of Chinese poet Zhao Zhenkai. He was born in Beijing. He chose the pen name because he came from the north and because of his preference for solitude. Bei Dao is the most notable representative of the Misty Poets, a group of Chinese poets who reacted against the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution.
As a teenager, Bei Dao was a member of the Red Guards, the enthusiastic followers of Mao Zedong who enforced the dictates of the Cultural Revolution, often through violent means. He had misgivings about the Revolution and was "re-educated" as a construction worker, from 1969 to 1980.[5] Bei Dao and Mang Ke founded the magazine Jintian[6] (Today), the central publication of the Misty Poets, which was published from 1978 until 1980, when it was banned. The work of the Misty Poets and Bei Dao in particular were an inspiration to pro-democracy movements in China. Most notable was his poem "Huida" ("The Answer") which was written during the 1976 Tiananmen demonstrations in which he participated. The poem was taken up as a defiant anthem of the pro-democracy movement and appeared on posters during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. During the 1989 protests and subsequent shootings, Bei Dao was at a literary conference in Berlin and was not allowed to return to China until 2006. (Three other leading Misty Poets — Gu Cheng, Duo Duo, and Yang Lian — were also exiled.) His then wife, Shao Fei, and their daughter were not allowed to leave China to join him for another six years.
Since 1987, Bei Dao has lived and taught in England, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, and the United States. His work has been translated into twenty-five languages, including five poetry volumes in English[7] along with the story collection Waves (1990) and the essay collections Blue House (2000) and Midnight's Gate (2005). Bei Dao continued his work in exile. His work has been included in anthologies such as The Red Azalea: Chinese Poetry Since the Cultural Revolution (1990)[8] and Out of the Howling Storm: The New Chinese poetry.[9]
Bei Dao has won numerous awards, including the Tucholsky Prize from Swedish PEN, International Poetry Argana Award from the House of Poetry in Morocco and the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Jintian was resurrected in Stockholm in 1990 as a forum for expatriate Chinese writers. He has taught and lectured at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Beloit College, Wisconsin, and is Professor of Humanities in the Center for East Asian Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has been repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Bei Dao ("Northern Island") is another name for Zhifu Island.
Bei Dao literally "Northern Island", born August 2, 1949) is the pen name of Chinese poet Zhao Zhenkai. He was born in Beijing. He chose the pen name because he came from the north and because of his preference for solitude. Bei Dao is the most notable representative of the Misty Poets, a group of Chinese poets who reacted against the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution.
As a teenager, Bei Dao was a member of the Red Guards, the enthusiastic followers of Mao Zedong who enforced the dictates of the Cultural Revolution, often through violent means. He had misgivings about the Revolution and was "re-educated" as a construction worker, from 1969 to 1980.[5] Bei Dao and Mang Ke founded the magazine Jintian[6] (Today), the central publication of the Misty Poets, which was published from 1978 until 1980, when it was banned. The work of the Misty Poets and Bei Dao in particular were an inspiration to pro-democracy movements in China. Most notable was his poem "Huida" ("The Answer") which was written during the 1976 Tiananmen demonstrations in which he participated. The poem was taken up as a defiant anthem of the pro-democracy movement and appeared on posters during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. During the 1989 protests and subsequent shootings, Bei Dao was at a literary conference in Berlin and was not allowed to return to China until 2006. (Three other leading Misty Poets — Gu Cheng, Duo Duo, and Yang Lian — were also exiled.) His then wife, Shao Fei, and their daughter were not allowed to leave China to join him for another six years.
Since 1987, Bei Dao has lived and taught in England, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, and the United States. His work has been translated into twenty-five languages, including five poetry volumes in English[7] along with the story collection Waves (1990) and the essay collections Blue House (2000) and Midnight's Gate (2005). Bei Dao continued his work in exile. His work has been included in anthologies such as The Red Azalea: Chinese Poetry Since the Cultural Revolution (1990)[8] and Out of the Howling Storm: The New Chinese poetry.[9]
Bei Dao has won numerous awards, including the Tucholsky Prize from Swedish PEN, International Poetry Argana Award from the House of Poetry in Morocco and the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Jintian was resurrected in Stockholm in 1990 as a forum for expatriate Chinese writers. He has taught and lectured at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Beloit College, Wisconsin, and is Professor of Humanities in the Center for East Asian Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has been repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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