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De aap in ons

Frans de Waal

4.15 · Rating details · 3,192 ratings · 236 reviews

From a scientist and writer E.O. Wilson has called "the world authority on primate social behavior" comes a fascinating look at the most provocative aspects of human nature through our two closest cousins in the ape family. From "one of the world's greatest experts on primate behavior" (Desmond Morris) comes a look at the most provocative aspects of human nature-power, ...more

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Paperback, 264 pages

Published 2007 by Uitgeverij contact (first published 2005)

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Apr 30, 2013 Wanda rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: natural-history, non-fiction, read-in-2013, primates

Back in the 1980s, I took several anthropology courses at university. I emerged from them thinking that studying chimpanzees would help my understanding of humanity. In part, I was right--the missing piece to the puzzle was the bonobo (otherwise known as pygmy chimpanzee). They were not even mentioned in any class that I took at that time.

Frans de Waal is an excellent guide to the behaviour and psychology of both chimps and bonobos. He also seems to have a solid grounding in human philosophers ...more

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Feb 14, 2008 Michael rated it liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: non-fiction, science-and-technology

As one would expect from a book called "Our Inner Ape" written by a popular primatologist, this book was largely about similarities between humans and our closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, and the evolutionary cause of these similarities. At the heart of De Waal's argument that biologists, primatologists, and most importantly evolutionary psychologists have emphasized the connections between chimp behavior and human behavior at the expense of the other side of human behavior, As one would expect from a book called "Our Inner Ape" written by a popular primatologist, this book was largely about similarities between humans and our closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, and the evolutionary cause of these similarities. At the heart of De Waal's argument that biologists, primatologists, and most importantly evolutionary psychologists have emphasized the connections between chimp behavior and human behavior at the expense of the other side of human behavior, which is much more analogous to that of the bonobos.

The hallmark of chimp behavior, as observed by researchers is competitiveness, the struggle for power through violence and calculated social maneuvering. The image of the chimpanzee's violent streak has been used in pop culture and junk science as an eerie reminder that, unchecked by the constructs and contracts of society, man's biological makeup urges him to reckless violence. 2001: A Space Odyssey comes to mind. Through a series of anecdotes and a fairly thorough summation of the findings of the scientific community, De Waal provides a convincing argument that we've been blinded by the bludgeoning clubs to the more complex picture. Not only do bonobos - the sexiest primates you've never heard of - shed light on our empathetic sides, but the very chimps that are so often maligned for their competitiveness live in such complex societies and show such interdependence that is makes our apocalyptic visions of apes - naked or otherwise - murdering each other down to the very last individual seem silly and ignorant.

For such a champion of the bonobo (the only champion of the species I can think of) De Waal spends little time on the species. From this text, I still gather that the chimpanzee is our closest relative. Past scientists didn't pick the wrong species, they merely misrepresented it. Through a series of clearly organized chapters, De Waal compares how chimps and bonobos fall on a continuum of different traits including power, sex, violence, and kindness. He's always careful to connect both sides of the story back to humanity and in so doing, shows that humans are capable of any type of behavior and these behaviors can easily be explained in evolutionary terms. Most of this is pretty obvious stuff - relatively light, enjoyable reading that affirms nature again and again.

De Waal's strength lies in his enthusiasm for his research and his passionate retelling of so many great anecdotes. Two particular stories stick in my mind. The first, of a captive bonobo caring for an injured bird until it was well enough to fly from the enclosure, confirms, as much as anything else that empathy exists in nature. The reluctance of psychologists in particular and scientists in general of applying human traits to animals is largely debunked. Why would psychology and science attribute such qualities to humans but not animals? Haven't we seen again and again that we're animals ourselves? The second story, on the other end of the spectrum, of an alliance between a young upstart male chimp and an older calculating male murdering the current leader of a captive group, going so far as to squeeze this leader's testicles from his body shows the primate drive for power and the willingness to use violence to achieve that power.

My only other complaint about De Waal's enjoyable book is that he often manipulates the reader's sympathies to strengthen his points. He's all too human in many of his depictions of nature.

I agree with De Waal's descriptions of man's current relationship with evolution. However, I'm glad that he doesn't spend too much ink debunking social darwinism. I hope we can all agree to take that theory's weaknesses for granted. ...more

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Dec 23, 2015 Ian rated it liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: society, natural-history, psychology, science

Mixed feelings about this one. I am interested in the subject but wasn't totally engaged by the writing. In particular, I felt the author adopted an unattractive condescending tone when criticising others, which is something he likes to do a lot. I had the impression some of his barbs were intended as humour, but instead he came over as rather arrogant and disdainful.

That said, there is plenty of interesting stuff in here about chimpanzees and bonobos. Dr. de Waal is clearly an expert in his Mixed feelings about this one. I am interested in the subject but wasn't totally engaged by the writing. In particular, I felt the author adopted an unattractive condescending tone when criticising others, which is something he likes to do a lot. I had the impression some of his barbs were intended as humour, but instead he came over as rather arrogant and disdainful.

That said, there is plenty of interesting stuff in here about chimpanzees and bonobos. Dr. de Waal is clearly an expert in his field and his observations cover empathy, self-awareness, reciprocity, alliance building and many other aspects of ape behaviour. He comments that previous popular books on the subject have concentrated on chimps rather than bonobos, and seeks to redress the balance. Bonobos are probably best known for constantly engaging in sexual activity. They are generally less aggressive than chimps and their societies are female dominated (also far more gender unequal than those of chimps. According to the author, male bonobos occupy a massively inferior social position to females).

A cynic might suggest that the generally peaceful, female dominated and sexually permissive bonobos seem to bear little relation to most human societies. Dr. de Waal suggests otherwise. He argues, not unreasonably, that humans tend to ascribe our aggressive tendencies to our genetic ancestry, whilst unfairly rejecting the idea that our capacity for empathy has any such connection. He puts forward an intriguing theory about the origins of the nuclear family in human society. I think I would like to read some alternative theories before making up my mind, but Dr. de Waal's arguments seem plausible. I also agree with his view that there is unlikely to be much further evolution of the human body, since survival rates into adulthood are now such as to eliminate competitive advantage from any new mutations. However not all of the author's arguments about human society were as convincing. Dr. de Waal is self-consciously "liberal" in his social outlook and at times this led him into arguments that were tendentious and even inconsistent at times.

Quite an interesting and thought provoking read though. ...more

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Jul 30, 2012 Michael rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: bonobos, non-fiction, animals, science, psychology, evolution, chimpanzees

Great read for anyone wanting to learn more about lessons to be gained on human nature based on recent discoveries about our primate relatives, especially chimps and bonoboes. The model of chimps as Edenic creatures was darkened by discovery of their versions of warfare and murder, while the pansexual and female dominated society of bonoboes can't provide an ideal model of human society because of the contrast with our core dependence on the nuclear family. The major topics covered in the book ...more

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Apr 14, 2013 Bill rated it really liked it · review of another edition

This is the first of Franz de Waal's books I have read. He sets out to convince us that we share many social traits with other apes - both positive and negative. Specifically, he debunks the notion that civilized human society is just a thin veneer overlying a violent and aggressive foundation. He disputes Richard Dawkins' notion that "survival of the fittest" implies individual selection only and leaves no room for a social aspect of human/ape evolution.

Along the way, he asks the question, ...more

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May 29, 2008 Shannon rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Wonderfully written on our closest genetic relatives: chimpanzees and bonobos, this book delves into the behavior of patriarchal, aggressive chimpanzees and the matriarchal, peaceful and sexually free bonobos. I find it telling that behavior-wise humans are in the middle of the behavior of the aforementioned apes. Discussing a wide variety of topics such as power, sex, food competition, language, and scapegoats the author shows how humans differ and are similar to the other great apes. The book ...more

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Feb 28, 2018 Ivan rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: nonfiction, 21-century, science, biology, anthropology

We are all apes, like it or not. We share a lot with our great evolutionary cousins, such things as empathy, compassion, kindness, power competition, consolation and violence. Humans are the most violent and the most kind creatures on earth, we are the most bipolar creatures that exist, we do the most terrible things and we do the most kind things, our hate is unmatched, our love is without border. In some ways we are unique in many others we aren't.

We should do better to protect great apes, ...more

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Jul 21, 2008 John Wiswell rated it it was ok · review of another edition

I went into this book wanting to believe everything de Waal wrote, as his Good Natured shone such light on how much we have in common with other primates. He demonstrated that most of our ideas of goodness exist in our older genetic neighbors and that goodness is more natural than we often give it credit. Like in much of de Waal’s writing, here he compares beliefs of human behavior to observation of other primates, specifically chimpanzees and bonobos, which sport radically different social I went into this book wanting to believe everything de Waal wrote, as his Good Natured shone such light on how much we have in common with other primates. He demonstrated that most of our ideas of goodness exist in our older genetic neighbors and that goodness is more natural than we often give it credit. Like in much of de Waal’s writing, here he compares beliefs of human behavior to observation of other primates, specifically chimpanzees and bonobos, which sport radically different social behaviors, both of which reflect how we are today. But this time it’s a very difficult book with which to agree.

One would expect de Waal would collect social experiments to compare human behavior, or at least use specific anecdotes of human behavior when contrasting his primate anecdotes. Instead he namedrops concepts from Sigmund Freud, the Bible, and even the Beatles. Even when these are made in jest, they show how unscientific de Waal’s approach is. They’re nice metaphors, but with all his references to evolutionary psychology and comparative conclusions, they cease to merely be metaphors. In many cases he makes only cursory references to scientific studies, such as one that found students of Economics tend to be more egotistical - and then, without describing the study at all, decides Economics make people emotionally dead.

The worst was a comparison of lesser members of a primate group deposing the alpha male for behavior they didn’t like, and directly implying that this behavior was on display in the international human community after the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Not only are countries highly complex meta-interactional organizations whose opinions can only be guessed by polling, but nobody deposed the United States in anything. Their forces are still in Iraq, even after a change of presidents, and while hated, when the recent economic crisis came about the U.S. was still seen in a leadership roll. If he wanted to make the argument that there was structural similarity he would need a heck of a lot more data to suggest the same thing that happens in a closely nit pod of primates was similar to the attitudes of billions of humans spread across multiple continents who don’t interact on a regular basis. Instead de Waal merely cites this as an example and moves on, as he does with nearly every far-fetched example.

He is not even consistent in his approach: in one section he argues that there is no in-born behavior, but in another argues that all sexual attitudes and rules are inherent to a species. So rape is not genetic, but a new alpha male killing everyone else’s children is. He does not acknowledge this inconsistency or discuss the possible problems presented by this flaw in his system. Things like this leave it harder to have faith in his work.

Typically I’d recommend ignoring his conclusions and merely reading what he has to say about chimps and bonobos, as what they do has very obvious ramifications for our behavior. That the typically more violent chimps adopted peaceful behavior when put into groups largely made up of peace-enforcing bonobos, for instance, shows that non-human animals can learn peaceful behavior. But this is not a book of scientific studies. It’s a book of de Waal’s conclusions, inescapable, and often quite questionable. If you’re the type of reader who likes to pause frequently and fight with the author, this could be worthwhile. If you aren’t, though, I recommend reading a couple of topical reviews like that of the New York Times that merely summarizes his discoveries. It will take much less time, spare you the unscientific science, and you’ll be back out in the world mediating a whole lot sooner. ...more

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Mar 03, 2018 Meaningless rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: biology, psychology

Reading this book makes me extremely sad. May be that happens when you observe or read about the lives of animals busy in their struggle for survival and procreation. They go to extreme lengths to find food, shelter and mate. The salmon fish travel thousands of miles just to lay eggs in their birthplace. After laying eggs all die in order to be consumed by their offsprings few months later. The female octopus lays just one egg in her life and dies immediately after because of exhaustion. The ...more

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Jun 21, 2007 Flint rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Recommends it for: literate apes

Shelves: nonfiction, science, animals

Better than Jared Diamond's The Third Chimpanzee. Diamond only mentioned bonobos in passing; while Frans de Waal discusses them as much as he discusses chimpanzees while only mentions gorillas, ourang-outang, baboons and various monkeys in passing. Frans de Waal's willingness to explore bonobo sexuality make Diamond's "The Third Chimpanzee" seem prudish.

Studying the behavior of our closest species relatives provide a lot of insight into human social behavior.

Politically, Frans de Waal is a ...more

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Nov 01, 2019 Todd Martin rated it liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: environment-science

Being both more systematically brutal than chimps and more empathic than bonobos, we are by far the most bipolar ape. Our societies are never completely peaceful, never completely competitive, never ruled by sheer selfishness, and never perfectly moral.
— Frans de Waal

Here’s a true fact … there’s a species of great ape that exhibits the following behaviors:
- They are xenophobic and can be ruthless toward individuals who are not part of their group
- They frequently use violence to settle disputes
- They have a strong sense of hierarchy for which males struggle for dominance
- They engage in sex for social and political advantage
- They commit murder and infanticide

I am, of course, referring to the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) those semi-arboreal denizens of the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa … oh … and lest I forget … these characteristics also apply to human beings (Homo sapiens). We do the exact same things. It’s not all bad though, humans and the great apes also exhibit empathy, kindness, compassion and altruism. These traits are especially prevalent in the Bonobo or pygmy chimp (Pan paniscus), the smaller, gentler and sexier relatives of the chimpanzee who live in matriarchal colonies in the Congo Basin of Central Africa.

The fact that apes and humans share common behavioral traits shouldn’t come as much of a surprise. Chimpanzees and bonobos are our closest living relatives with whom we share 99% of our DNA. We also share a common ancestor that lived between 6 – 7 million years ago. There are those that therefore believe that we may be able to learn something about ourselves through a study of these primates. This is the topic that Dutch primatologist and ethologist Frans de Waal explores in Our Inner Ape: A Leading Primatologist Explains Why We Are Who We Are. De Waal has spent his career studying primate social behavior and has accumulated numerous first-hand accounts of cultural traits that we share with chimpanzees and bonobos. It’s therefore natural to ask … to which species are we more similar? The answer is … we’re a hybrid of both. We have the capacity for competition and cooperation, aggression and reconciliation. De Waal evokes the image of the Janus Head (see image above) to illustrate this dual nature.

Probably the most interesting part of the book were the anecdotes that de Waal’s recounts of primate behaviors he’s observed. They struck me as more intelligent, sophisticated and dare I say … human, than I would have imagined. At the same time, I'm not completely convinced that this approach offers more insight into human behavior than say … and I’m just spit balling here … studying humans directly. Goodness knows there is no shortage of test subjects (7.7 billion vs. 30 - 50,000 bonobos). ...more

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Aug 06, 2017 Mahesh Karthik rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

A 5 star read indeed! This is my first book by Frans de Waal, who is known to a prolific writer in this field. I found my attention strongly grabbed by the narrative technique of the author. There was not a single moment when I found that my attention was dipping and that is why I could read this book so fast despite my busy schedule.

He makes the comparison of human behaviour to that of the apes, especially to those of bonobos and chimpanzees and arrives at an understanding of their origins. I ...more

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Apr 02, 2017 T-bone rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

If there is one thing I love it is comparing apes. God this book was fabulous. Other apes have so much to teach us humans. I had been thinking that they could only teach us about sex and violence and I was very satisfied with that. But thanks to Frans, I now know they can also teach us about reciprocity and reconciliation and empathy and stuff and more stuff. This book swings even higher into the tree tops because it is engagingly written, which I don't expect from scientists. Frans throws in a ...more

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Mar 14, 2018 Lexxie rated it liked it · review of another edition

I enjoyed listening to this book but, admittedly, it was a little dull in places. At the same time, it was extremely interesting and worth listening to. The comparison between humans and different ancestors, other than the usual comparison of chimps, was thought provoking. The small, very human stories about specific apes really helped paint a good, natural picture of how alike we are to our cousins.

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May 15, 2019 Abigail McAlister rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: favorites, nonfiction, primates, anthropology

incredibly informative and entertaining. I have so much respect for Frans De Waal as a researcher and a writer. the way he picks apart and supports aspects we see in chimpanzees and bonobos and THEN applies it seamlessly to the human experience is fascinating and written in a way that's fun to read.

I also just really really love bonobos.

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Jun 11, 2019 David Gale rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Wonderful and insightful!

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Jul 28, 2018 Cory Eaton rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

A very interesting take on a in-depth comparison between human and ape behaviors. Definitely a great read.

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May 26, 2012 Riley rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Though this occasionally strays into pop psychology, I enjoyed this book all and all. It is refreshing to read from someone who sees looks at natural man and sees the positives, as well as the negatives.

Here’s a passage that I would say makes a good thesis of what Frans de Waal is arguing:

“We hear that we have selfish genes, that human goodness is a sham, that we act morally only to impress others. But if all that people care about is their own good, why does a day-old baby cry when it hears Though this occasionally strays into pop psychology, I enjoyed this book all and all. It is refreshing to read from someone who sees looks at natural man and sees the positives, as well as the negatives.

Here’s a passage that I would say makes a good thesis of what Frans de Waal is arguing:

“We hear that we have selfish genes, that human goodness is a sham, that we act morally only to impress others. But if all that people care about is their own good, why does a day-old baby cry when it hears another baby cry? This is how empathy starts. Not very sophisticated perhaps, but we can be sure that a newborn doesn’t try to impress. We are born with impulses that draw us to other and that later in life make us care about them.”

The book centers on the bonobo, a great ape that I had never heard of. The author’s explanation for why:

“[B]onobos fail to fit established notions about human nature. Believe me, if studies had found that they massacre one another, everyone would know about bonobos. Their peacefulness is the real problem. I sometimes try to imagine what would have happened if we’d known the bonobos first and the chimpanzee only later or not at all. The discussion about human evolution might not revolve as much around violence, warfare and male dominance, but rather around sexuality, empathy, caring, and cooperation. What a different intellectual landscape we would occupy!

“It’s only with the appearance of another of our cousins that the stranglehold of the killer ape theory began to loosen. Bonobos act as if they have never heard of the idea. Among bonobos, there’s no deadly warfare, little hunting, no male dominance, and enormous amounts of sex. If the chimpanzee is our demonic face, the bonobo must be our angelic one. Bonobos make love, not war. They’re the hippies of the primate world. Science had more trouble with them than the 1960s family had with its long-haired, pot-smoking black sheep who wanted to move back home. They turned off the lights, hid under the table, and hoped that the uninvited guest would go away.”

...more

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Aug 10, 2013 Brandyn rated it it was ok · review of another edition

A bit of a misleading title; is more about the behavioral traits of bonobos and chimpanzees, which while interesting, doesn't really directly address the topic. I think the author assumes that since other humans are reading about primate behavior, they can draw parallels on their own. Ultimately, this just reinforces what the reader already thinks, and doesn't introduce much in new insight.

Towards the very end of the book, he mentions, almost in passing, that there are bonobo/chimpanzee ...more

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Apr 19, 2010 Dave Gaston rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: survival, ecology-earth-science, evolution, sociology-psychology, africa

Light behavioral science served up in the form of classic field study reporting. Our Inner Ape is a guy book and a nerd science book all rolled up in one. What’s not to love? OK, the title is a little too obvious. But let’s admit it, we all have a fascination with the “other branch” just to the left (6MM yrs/ago) of our own humanity. The similarities between the two specie's societies are not earth shattering but they are somehow life affirming. Seeing ourselves through a primal reflection ...more

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Aug 23, 2009 Christine rated it liked it · review of another edition

Dr. Waal compares human behavior to the apes he has studied. The book is totally varied. In many parts, he has the most fascinating information that includes lots of scientific data, his careful observations and his insightful ruminations.

Other times he is annoying as shit and goes off on these tangents about politics and things he pulls out of his ass that are totally not scientific. He just seems to have a feeling and know.

And I felt like he favored the bonobos big-time. I mean the chimps ...more

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Jul 09, 2009 Jacqui rated it liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: early-man, science, research

I selected this book based on De Waal's reputation in primatology, interested in his thoughts on the root traits that define our human societies. Instead, he stumbled into politics often enough I finally set the book aside, unwilling to mix an objective study of science with a subjective analysis of world political problems. He could have cited a variety of international examples, but chose to concentrate on the USA and a few others, leaving me uncomfortable about his motives. I suggest he stick ...more

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Jan 05, 2015 Daniel Gonçalves rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: interesting-non-fiction, favorite-science, science

Sometimes, the best answers to the human condition rely upon observation not of ourselves, but of our ape cousins.

Frans de Waal, expert is primatology, explains to the reader why mankind should shift its egocentric, chauvinistic views to focus on a more fair, compared analysis of Homo Sapiens. He does it extremely well and with incredibly convincing arguments, a result of a deep research and extensive field work. A must read for everyone who wants to discover more about their own nature and who ...more

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Jan 10, 2014 Murali Behara rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Shelves: scientist

First of all let me acknowledge that this is among best of Science writing. When a book adds to my knowledge and propels me forward it deserves 5 stars. "Evolutionary psychologists are making Beethoven error.... in claiming.... product resembles process". In the last chapter Frans De Wall did have something to say about economists who use statistics to trivialize social capital, empathy and altruism!

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May 05, 2009 Amy rated it it was ok · review of another edition

This book had many interesting facts and insights. I have found myself referencing it a few times. However, thers is no over all big insight. I enjoyed it, but guess I just seemed like a bunch of ideas I already believed.

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Feb 11, 2017 Paul rated it it was ok · review of another edition

I have learned a little bit about other primates but nothing about humans so I feel cheated by the title. I suspect the title was designed to do that.

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May 11, 2017 Katherine rated it really liked it · review of another edition

I assigned this book to my introductory-level biological anthropology class because it was recommended by a colleague. It is not a textbook-- it reads like an ethnographic account of non-human primates, which I really like (and I hoped the students enjoyed as well). De Waal's stories about his chimp and bonobo subjects are vivid and engaging. You get the sense that he knows and cares about these creatures as individuals.

I'm a cultural anthropologist, and I cringe at some of the comments de Waal ...more

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Jan 14, 2019 Alja rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

Not only did I learn a lot about our ape cousins -- especially chimps and bonobos, with both of whom we share 99% of DNA --, I also got a fresh perspective on human behavior. By observing apes, we can find plenty of evidence of how different types of behavior are rooted in our evolution as social animals. We share both "good" and "bad" behaviors with our ape cousin, and de Waal does a good job of showing how both sides are sometimes needed to strike a balance. For instance, reconciliation is ...more

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Mar 24, 2019 Juliet Wilson rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: nature

Subtitled The Best and Worst of Human Nature this is a modern classic not only of human psychology and behaviour but of natural history. De Waal, one of the world's leading primatologists explores what our two closest relatives - the chimpanzee and the bonobo - can tell us abut human nature.

Chapters headed Power, Sex, Violence and Kindness look at the behaviour of these two species, the chimpanzee traditionally considered to be a violent and competitive animal and the bonobo, a much more ...more

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Jun 05, 2018 Sean Fishlock rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: science-and-nature

Another brilliant work by Frans de Waal, particularly the study of gender differences comparing humans, chimpanzees and bonobos.
There are some amazing insights into the evolution of human behaviour. The origins of human gestures and body language, emotional differences between men and women just to name a few. There are some very fearless and frank discussion on sexual behaviour. A lot of the analysis strongly challenges modern socio-political theory including the social construct of gender as ...more

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About Frans de Waal

Frans de Waal

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Frans de Waal has been named one of Time magazine’s 100 Most Influential People. The author of Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?, among many other works, he is the C. H. Candler Professor in Emory University’s Psychology Department and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. He lives in Atlanta, Georgia.

Books by Frans de Waal

The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates

The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society

Mama's Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves

Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among Apes

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Quotes from De aap in ons

“I sometimes try to imagine what would have happened if we’d known the bonobo first and the chimpanzee only later—or not at all. The discussion about human evolution might not revolve as much around violence, warfare and male dominance, but rather around sexuality, empathy, caring and cooperation. What a different intellectual landscape we would occupy!” — 16 likes

“We would much rather blame nature for what we don’t like in ourselves than credit it for what we do like.” — 15 likes

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