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  <title><![CDATA[Sideshow U.S.A.: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination]]></title>
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  <description><![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]></description>
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  <title>
    <![CDATA[Sideshow U.S.A.: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination]]>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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  <read_at>Fri Oct 01 00:00:00 -0700 2004</read_at>
  <date_added>Wed Dec 19 11:18:15 -0800 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Wed Dec 19 11:20:33 -0800 2007</date_updated>
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    <body><![CDATA[I requested this book thru ILL and got a copy from the IUPUI library. <br/><br/>Adams approaches the concept of &quot;freaks&quot; from a variety of angles, combining true stories with literary and cinematic portrayals and interpretations of the freak world. The writing style is academic, yet stil...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/10694811">more...</a>]]></body>
    
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</review>
      <review>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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  <read_at>Thu May 07 00:00:00 -0700 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Thu May 07 06:42:07 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu May 07 06:45:19 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I thought this book would focus more on the history of the sideshow, but I was not disappointed.  It starts with a breif history of sideshows and then moves on to discuss how the term freak has changed over time, the appearance of freaks in film and literature, etc.  The most interesting thing I lea...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/55245608">more...</a>]]></body>
    
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      <review>
  <id>6299707</id>
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    <![CDATA[Sideshow U.S.A.: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination]]>
  </title>
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  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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</book>

    <rating>4</rating>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[freaks]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[NYU met/gender studies]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 -0800 2003</read_at>
  <date_added>Sun Sep 16 18:48:02 -0700 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sun Sep 16 18:48:04 -0700 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[used this book to conduct research and write a paper on the urban performativity of tattoo.  <br/>also, i love anything related to freaks/hows.  academic but still kickass.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/6299707]]></url>
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      <review>
  <id>23262360</id>
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    <![CDATA[Sideshow U.S.A.: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination]]>
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  <average_rating>3.48</average_rating>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
  </description>
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    <rating>4</rating>
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  <read_at>Mon Jun 16 00:00:00 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Thu May 29 17:27:42 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Mon Jun 16 13:33:34 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I particularly liked the chapter on Tod Browning's Freaks.]]></body>
    
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/23262360]]></url>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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  <published>2001</published>
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  <date_added>Sat Dec 12 12:42:03 -0800 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Dec 12 12:42:03 -0800 2009</date_updated>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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    <![CDATA[Sideshow U.S.A.: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination]]>
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    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;A staple of American popular culture during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the freak show seemed to vanish after the Second World War. But as Rachel Adams reveals in <em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em>, images of the freak show, with its combination of the grotesque, the horrific, and the amusing, stubbornly reappeared in literature and the arts. Freak shows, she contends, have survived because of their capacity for reinvention. Empty of any inherent meaning, the freak's body becomes a stage for playing out some of the twentieth century's most pressing social and political concerns, from debates about race, empire, and immigration, to anxiety about gender, and controversies over taste and public standards of decency.<br/><br/><em>Sideshow U.S.A.</em> begins by revisiting the terror and fascination the original freak shows provided for their audiences, as well as exploring the motivations of those who sought fame and profit in the business of human exhibition. With this history in mind, Adams turns from live entertainment to more mediated forms of cultural expression: the films of Tod Browning, the photography of Diane Arbus, the criticism of Leslie Fiedler, and the fiction Carson McCullers, Toni Morrison, and Katherine Dunn. Taken up in these works of art and literature, the freak serves as a metaphor for fundamental questions about self and other, identity and difference, and provides a window onto a once vital form of popular culture. <br/><br/>Adams's study concludes with a revealing look at the revival of the freak show as live performance in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Celebrated by some, the freak show's recent return is less welcome to those who have traditionally been its victims. At the beginning of a new century, Adams sees it as a form of living history, a testament to the vibrancy and inventiveness of American popular culture, as well as its capacity for cruelty and injustice.<br/><br/>&quot;Because of its subject matter, this interesting and complex study is provocative, as well as thought-provoking.&quot;—<em>Virginia Quarterly Review</em>&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
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