Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness (Science Masters)

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Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness (Science Masters)

3.78 of 5 stars 3.78 · rating details · 566 ratings · 39 reviews

Combining ideas from philosophy, artificial intelligence, and neurobiology, Daniel Dennett leads the reader on a fascinating journey of inquiry, exploring such intriguing possibilities as: Can any of us really know what is going on in someone else’s mind? What distinguishes the human mind from the minds of animals, especially those capable of complex behavior? If such anim...more

Hardcover, 192 pages

Published June 27th 1996 by Basic Books

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Aug 20, 2010 Joshua Nomen-Mutatio rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition Recommends it for: Psychology and Philosophy of Mind Nerds

Shelves: cognitive-science-and-or-psychology, evolutionary-theory, miscellaneous-natural-science, philosophy, neuroscience, consciousness-studies

I listened to this via audio book format as read wonderfully by Dennett himself. Last night/early morning I woke up abruptly in the grip of a vague sort of existential terror and once I got my footing again, I felt a type of comfort in hearing Dennett's calm yet extremely engaged and enthusiastic voice--explaining complex things about the improbable evolution of sentient beings--emerging from the tiny speakers of my laptop.

At first, I was seized by a thought like, "I don't want to hear about th...more I listened to this via audio book format as read wonderfully by Dennett himself. Last night/early morning I woke up abruptly in the grip of a vague sort of existential terror and once I got my footing again, I felt a type of comfort in hearing Dennett's calm yet extremely engaged and enthusiastic voice--explaining complex things about the improbable evolution of sentient beings--emerging from the tiny speakers of my laptop.

At first, I was seized by a thought like, "I don't want to hear about this, I don't wanna die!" but then I stopped acting like a child who thinks the universe is created for them to enjoy, that their life is supposed to never end, and fell back into trying to appreciate the fact that I'm allowed to live at all, to appreciate the astounding confluence of myriad forces holding all that is beautiful and makes life worthy living together.

I see Dennett as an unknowing player in a third wave of existentialism ( Owen Flanagan incisively identifies three waves of existentialism ), a more proactive period in philosophy which makes real and serious attempts to overcome the "nausea" Sartre spoke of, and all the other variations of this so-called "existential despair."

This would get five stars if I wasn't already so familiar with many of the central ideas in this book from Dennett's other work and lectures. Much of this seems like a rehashing of the (great) ideas found within The Intentional Stance (the name of one of the chapters), Consciousness Explained, Darwin's Dangerous Idea, Freedom Evolves and Elbow Room. Dennett's explanation of and solution to the problem of free will is brilliantly executed, albeit not terribly unique. His position on this is called "compatiblism" and it's been floating around at least since the days of David Hume, but regardless it is explained in a very uniquely understandable and morally edifying way.

Dennett is fast becoming one of my favorite philosophers of all time. I really enjoy his use of metaphor throughout all of his writing. He makes incredibly deep ideas "tangible" through this adept and dare I say "literary" or "poetic" use of language, and his immensely clear and direct wielding of concepts. His work is pretty consistently a wonderful interweaving of multiple fields of philosophy and both the "hard" and "soft" sciences and he also displays a quasi-polymathic understanding of the fine arts as well. Even when those he's pitted against philosophically describe this as an insult, I find it to be a compliment, i.e., Thomas Nagel once glibly referred to Dennett as "Gilbert Ryle meets Scientific American." But I say fuck you, Nagel, and I say three cheers for scientifically informed philosophy and philosophically informed science.(less)

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Sep 28, 2010 Greg rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy, mind-and-brain

Dan Dennett wrote a fairy tale. No really.

It begins a long time ago, in a galaxy far far away (think about it). And it's a beautiful story about minds...all kinds of minds.

Dennett tell us a story through space and time that explains not only the evolution of minds from simple molecules, but of the evolution of minds in the developing human. Along the way he tackles intentionality and representation, and the importance of relative time frames and language. Not only does he explain difficult phi...more Dan Dennett wrote a fairy tale. No really.

It begins a long time ago, in a galaxy far far away (think about it). And it's a beautiful story about minds...all kinds of minds.

Dennett tell us a story through space and time that explains not only the evolution of minds from simple molecules, but of the evolution of minds in the developing human. Along the way he tackles intentionality and representation, and the importance of relative time frames and language. Not only does he explain difficult philosophical concepts, but he explains them in such an easy accessible manner that before you realize it's happened, you've learned a concept that philosophy students spend countless hours studying.

Dennett is masterful at storytelling, and in this book his style of writing really shines.

------------------------

A few quibbles.

His story is mostly told from the standpoint of evolution, and I think it's dangerous to overgeneralize both evolved functionality and behavior from an evolutionary standpoint. It's a difficult story to tell, precisely because so much of it is dark to us.

Dennett believes, and makes a strong case for, the fact that language is absolutely necessary for thought and representation. That without words you can't have concepts, and without concepts there is nothing going on, on the inside. I spend a lot of time thinking about the relationship between language and consciousness, and I think Dennett certainly makes some very valuable points, but the fact is...we have no idea what it's like to be a creature of our prospective intelligence, but without a way to create structured symbols to represent concepts. Also, from a neurophysiological standpoint, I'd argue representation IS possible without language, though it's a degraded form of it.

But I will say, even with as much as I've read in this field, Dennett surprised me with a few examples and arguments that might have to make me rethink some concepts in Philosophy of Mind/consciousness that I took for granted.

Thank you Dan, always a pleasure. (less)

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Jan 21, 2011 Rakan rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: science, 52-books-2011

ما هو الوعي؟ ما الفرق بين وعي الانسان والحيوان والنباتات والكائنات الدقيقة؟

في هذا الكتاب يُعرف الفيلسوف دانييل دينيت الوعي ويتحدث عن تطوره من الكائنات الدقيقة الأولى إلى ما نراه الآن في الانسان والقردة العليا والكائنات الأخرى التي تشابهها في درجة الوعي

يتطرق دينيت إلى ما يسميه بـ(الحالة المتعمدة) أو (المقصودة) وهي طريقة رائعة تجعلنا ننظر إلى الوعي من زاوية مختلفة تماماً، تقارب بين الكائنات "الواعية" و"غير الواعية"ـ

الكتاب لا يجيب على الكثير من الأسئلة لكنه بلا شك يفتح الباب لفهم الوعي والإدراك

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Feb 21, 2010 Fox rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Recommended to Fox by: Sara Waller

Shelves: i-like-animals, non-fiction, philosophy, science, 2010

Although I do not necessarily agree with all that Dennett stated in this book, I have to say that he stated it exceptionally well. This was an accessible, high level philosophical book detailing the conception of animal minds vs. human minds. Each philosophical concept he put forward he carefully defined and explained with often amusing examples.

The ideas that he came up with himself (i.e. The Tower of Generate and Test, mamataxis, etc.) were novel and interesting without being too difficult to...more

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Apr 14, 2011 Bettie rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition Recommends it for: Hayes, Susanna

Shelves: philosophy, nonfiction, spring-2011, published-1996, sciences, fraudio

This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, click here.

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Feb 07, 2012 Gendou rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: non-fiction, philosophy

A nice, short book that examines the philosophy of mind, consciousness.
One theme is exploring what sets humans apart, and what we have in common with other animals.
Another theme is the moral issue of pain and suffering.
I wouldn't say this book is very mind-blowing, no outrageous conclusions are reached.
Instead, Dennett presents a useful re-framing of common questions, as philosophers are oft to do.
The book's thesis might be that consciousness, as we know it, inherits from the language instinct.
D...more

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Feb 08, 2012 Riku Sayuj rated it 3 of 5 stars

Recommended to Riku by: Richard Dawkins

Shelves: reviews

Raises very potent questions but answers almost none. Dennett is content with showing 3-4 potential ways of looking at any question and then telling us that to go beyond is a challenge even for modern science.

The arguments are smooth and the book gives a good evolutionary understanding of the way we frame thoughts and ascribe consciousness. The model of mind that Dennett has created is a bit dated for me, but I enjoyed the long range perspective he brought into it. the section on dogs was proba...more

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Mar 29, 2013 Mikael Lind rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: cognitive-science, philosophy

Daniel Dennett sets out to make us think about minds in a different way after having read his book, and he certainly succeeds in what he set out to do. I found that this book does what a good philosophy book should do; it doesn't try to give any definite answers, but it is challenging most peoples' current conceptions towards the subject. I've seen a lecture with Dennett before, and found it stimulating and interesting despite the fact that I didn't agree with him on all accounts. Kinds of Minds...more

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Jan 24, 2013 JJVid rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: evolution, favorites, psychology

"This book began with a host of questions, and -- since this is a book by a philosopher -- it ends not with the answers, but, I hope, with better versions of the questions themselves." p 168.

This is an important caveat for those hoping, upon picking up this book, to find a definite and unblurred demarcation between "conscious" or "sentient" beings. Dennett offers no quick and easy answer, but he does offer a compelling perspective in which to view this question under a different light.

The crux...more "This book began with a host of questions, and -- since this is a book by a philosopher -- it ends not with the answers, but, I hope, with better versions of the questions themselves." p 168.

This is an important caveat for those hoping, upon picking up this book, to find a definite and unblurred demarcation between "conscious" or "sentient" beings. Dennett offers no quick and easy answer, but he does offer a compelling perspective in which to view this question under a different light.

The crux for consciousness is on natural language and its ability to represent internal and external objects within the mind. This is not an entirely new concept; the idea that symbols are the hallmark of consciousness is implicit in the very idea of consciousness... there cannot be an "I" to suffer if the organism experiencing pain is incapable of representing the concept of "itself" as the one experiencing the suffering. Without a concept of self, a concept necessarily reliant on symbolizing, then it cannot be legitimately said that an organism is suffering... it is merely pain. We do not recoil in horror at inflicting pain on "lesser" animals (e.g. crabs, spiders, etc.) since we are unquestionably certain that we are not harming a conscious being.

The morally imperative difference between sensitivity to pain and sentience of suffering is contingent on the development of an organism being capable of reflecting on the pain it endures with a yearning for relief, a despair of its current state, a bitter regretting of the foolish actions that led it to this crisis. Such sentience is contingent on the ability to internally symbolize the being experiencing pain as "myself". It is only with the introduction of "I" that morality becomes a key component. (This is, obviously, a vast oversimplification... I'm not condoning rampant torturing of "non-sentient" organisms. Dennett advocates a gradient of "sentience", one which is not readily discernable at present, but he provides many thought experiments to test your intuitive notions that certain creatures are endowed or bereft of this magical X quality. Read the book for the subtleties.)

The development of symbols, being capable of internalizing the external world, allows for representation of the environment within the mind. And the fascinating characteristic of symbols is the ability to re-represent them, to not only be capable of thinking about objects when they are not present but to think about the thinking itself. This sort of bootstrapping takes the creature from mere thinking about the environment (including the self) to thinking about the thinking itself. Symbols of the external world now become concepts which may be thought about in their own right in an ever-increasing hierarchy of representation, re-representation, re-re-representation, etc.

Symbols are the prerequisites of language, the ability to convey meaning in the absence of what is being referred, and allowing a culture to form. Symbols may also be "off-loaded" onto the environment in the form of tools, books, and other artifacts. We alleviate the cognitive burden of keeping everything in mind by off-loading these symbols and then manipulating them to perform cognitive feats that would be impossible (or at least extraordinarily difficult) otherwise. Try multiplying a couple three digit numbers (385 x 924) without the use of paper. By off-loading symbols we can manipulate them and incorporate the product. We need not off-load only to the environment outside ourselves, but can do so within the echo chamber of our minds. This ability to represent and re-represent is a characteristic of the human mind and a (seemingly) unique feat in the animal kindgom. And due to this off-loading outside ourselves we impinge our minds to the environment, we store our minds outside ourselves, and so where, really, does the "I" exist?(less)

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Feb 03, 2011 Eli rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: cogsci

Very thought-provoking. I began this book resistant to its message, as I had watched speeches by Dennett that had left me unconvinced. Specifically I had taken away from those presentations that to Dennett consciousness, or "mindhood", was nothing more than a byproduct of the organization of the brain, which, while potentially true, was dismissive of the subjectiveness of being, something separated from objective analysis by (to me) an unbridgeable chasm. I've heard it facetiously argued that pe...more Very thought-provoking. I began this book resistant to its message, as I had watched speeches by Dennett that had left me unconvinced. Specifically I had taken away from those presentations that to Dennett consciousness, or "mindhood", was nothing more than a byproduct of the organization of the brain, which, while potentially true, was dismissive of the subjectiveness of being, something separated from objective analysis by (to me) an unbridgeable chasm. I've heard it facetiously argued that perhaps those who utterly dismiss subjectivity and "qualia" themselves have no minds -- they are walking philosophical zombies.

Well the charge is false with Dennett, because he devotes a whole chapter to such concerns in this book. The contemptuousness held toward the subjective was entirely imagined on my part. Still, while I can agree that consciousness might be nothing more than a principle of organization, no amount of puzzling over it has ever allowed me to intuit such a result.

The main premise of Kinds of Minds is that, instead of an arbitrary cutoff between conscious and unconscious creatures, there is a fuzzy gradation, with the fundamental kinds of consciousness changing along the way. What's more surprising is the way he uses current science to actually flesh out reasonable guesses as to what some of of these kinds of consciousness might look like. He uses the same experiments and thought experiments to propose that human consciousness might be further removed from the animal kind than we tend to think, and that language is the key innovation that has endowed us with conceptual consciousness.

It's clear to me that my own tendency has been to extend the envelope of consciousness to a broader host of organisms than most people do. But when I think about it now I will be reminding myself that other animals are not just Humanity, Lite, but qualitatively different, in a way that may be difficult or impossible to imagine in anything other than a stretched analogy.

I read this because I very much like such imaginings, and I was not disappointed.(less)

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Jan 03, 2011 Venus rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy

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Sep 01, 2008 Daisy rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

well, i got to page 75 of 175. usually i don't give up until page 100, but i'm particular these days, especially because i'm skittish about philosophy in general. in the beginning i was supremely entertained by dennett's clever musings on sentience (he's a wonderful writer, much like douglas hofstadter), but in the end the semantics (as usual!) broke me down. "is x sentient or is it merely sensitive to certain inputs?" my answer: well, it depends on how you define "sentient" and "sensitive". my...more

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Jul 26, 2011 Chris Rock rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: science, neuroscience

I think I'm going to have to listen to this one again. This book was my first introduction to thinking about consciousness and the definition of "mind". As such it was pretty good. I found a lot of the arguments compelling and convincing.

The ending snuck up on me--I was a little surprised when it finished, as I felt that we had barely scratched the surface of the topic.

Recommended for anyone interested in understanding how we can determine what makes an organism sentient.

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Apr 07, 2013 Sam Ferree rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy

I picked this up at Midway Bookstore in St. Paul. It intrigued me because I'd like to learn more about the question of Other Minds. The first section was fascinating, but later chapters descended into a myopic examination of the possibility of animal intelligence, which Dennett seems to believe is impossible. I think that Dennett mistakes the epistemological difficulty of examining non-human minds with human exceptionalism.

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Mar 15, 2011 Praveen rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: the-brain

Mindblowing. Pick up the audiobbok. Dennett himself reads it and lucidly builds up his argument. A book that will expand your mind, make you ask questions and force you to examine the conventional wisdom regarding intelligence and consciousness. Once again this proves that Dr Dennett is a great thinker of our times!

I was affected by this books so much that I have reread it cover to cover several times!

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Aug 02, 2010 Suhrob rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Very well argued, beautifully constructed argumentation. It reminded me of listening to good university lectures, ones whose syllabus and flow was perfected during years, where one idea naturally leads to another and everything fits in (not meaning that Daniel C. Dennet gives a hermetic set not open to discussion and other interpretations, but as a compliment to his style). Excellent!

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Aug 07, 2011 Nick rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Fascinating, but offensive if you like dogs. Basically, you start at the bottom and build up---when did the multicellular organism attain the ability to "think"? At some point. Using Dennett's well-argued theories of ever-increasing complexity, he comes to the sticky conclusion that animals, dogs for example, can't feel as much pain as we humans do. Is this true? Maybe.

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Jan 21, 2013 Anton Klink rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Having read it quite a number of years ago, I remember liking it, yet I can't seem to remember too many specifics about it. Obviously it wasn't bad, otherwise I would have remembered that, but neither was it good enough to burn a vivid image into my mind, so three stars is probably the fairest rating I can give it.

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Jan 13, 2012 Cristian rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy, cognition

A great effort at clearing up our misconceptions about the mind - probably the most treacherous subject you can approach philosophically. As Dennett states, the book may not give you any new answers, but it does show you that the answers many think of are likely wrong, and helps you pose more pertinent questions.

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Mar 10, 2009 Jefke rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Interessant boek waarin Dennett je goed doet nadenken over wat een ziel is. Door vanuit verschillende standpunten de vraag aan te halen of dieren wel een ziel hebben en indien ja, welke wel en welke niet en waarom. Ook vanaf wanneer een foetus een ziel heeft. Als filosoof doet hij de luisteraar de juiste vragen stellen.
Zeer interessant. 3 sterren omdat enkel boeken die ik absoluut aanraad 5 sterren krijgen. Deze is interessant voor wie zich met die problematiek wil bezig houden.

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Apr 03, 2010 Tina Saldiran rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

My third dennett book. The are very interrelated so this should be read first, then Consciousness Explained, finally Darwin's Dangerous Idea. I love them all and stand in awe of Dennett with each work.

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Nov 12, 2009 Armand rated it 1 of 5 stars · review of another edition

More like an egoistical philosophical attempt to define thinking and you end up more confused about the process which is why it alway puts me in an unconscious state after 3 chapters.

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Feb 05, 2013 Steven Beales rated it 2 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Daniel Dennett is a crisp, clear thinker who explains his ideas and categorizes with precision, but the book failed to hold my interest in the second half.

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Mar 28, 2013 Mari Gee rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

I love this kind of work... philosophical wanderings that are engaging and accessible.

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Aug 07, 2012 manwithoutqualities rated it 2 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy-of-mind

The sort of book DD can knock out in his sleep. Eminently readable though.

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Jan 21, 2013 Feliks rated it 2 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy, self-improvement, good-nonfiction, my-library

There's been a boom in "armchair"-style cognitive pop-science books lately but you really have to be familiar with what the long-standing landscape of the topic was; before jumping at every latest fad title. Start with something like this. Anytime any new discovery happens, a spate of books ensues by anyone even remotely involved; the lamers who write science-feature articles for Yahoo are all looking to get their first book out. Remain calm and don't get excited at every little 'startling devel...more

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Jul 25, 2011 Nailmouth rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Alright, but more philosophical and theoretical than I would have liked.

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Feb 10, 2012 Andrew nawroski added it

Excellent synopsis toward psychological understandings.

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Aug 22, 2010 David Everling rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Concise and thought-provoking book on Philosophy of Mind.

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Aug 19, 2009 Ernest rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: mind-brain-behavior

More questions here than answers, which is basically the strength of the book. I remember Dennett mentioning before how Kanzi doesn't quite make it into the group of real 'language users'. I'll need to research on why that is again later...

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About Daniel C. Dennett

"Daniel Clement Dennett (born March 28, 1942 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a prominent American philosopher whose research centers on philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science. He is currently the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies and the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philoso...more "Daniel Clement Dennett (born March 28, 1942 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a prominent American philosopher whose research centers on philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science. He is currently the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies and the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University. Dennett is also a noted atheist and advocate of the Brights movement.

Dennett spent part of his childhood in Beirut, where, during World War II, his father, a covert counter-intelligence agent with the Office of Strategic Services posing as a cultural attaché to the American Embassy in Beirut. The young Dennett and family returned to Massachusetts in 1947 after his father died in an unexplained plane crash.
He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, and received his B.A. in philosophy from Harvard University in 1963, where he was a student of W.V. Quine. In 1965, he received his D.Phil. in philosophy from Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied under the ordinary language philosopher Gilbert Ryle. Dennett is currently (May 2007) the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, University Professor, and Co-Director of the Center for Cognitive Studies (with Ray Jackendoff) at Tufts University.
Dennett describes himself as "an autodidact — or, more properly, the beneficiary of hundreds of hours of informal tutorials on all the fields that interest me, from some of the world's leading scientists."

Dennett gave the John Locke lectures at the University of Oxford in 1983, the Gavin David Young Lectures at Adelaide, Australia, in 1985, and the Tanner Lecture at Michigan in 1986, among many others. In 2001 he was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize and gave the Jean Nicod Lectures in Paris. He has received two Guggenheim Fellowships, a Fulbright Fellowship, and a Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Studies in Behavioral Science. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1987. He was the co-founder (1985) and co-director of the Curricular Software Studio at Tufts University, and has helped to design museum exhibits on computers for the Smithsonian Institution, the Museum of Science in Boston, and the Computer Museum in Boston. He is a Humanist Laureate of the International Academy of Humanism and a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. He is also an avid sailor.
In October 2006, Dennett was hospitalized due to an aortic dissection. After a nine-hour surgery, he was given a new aorta. In an essay posted on the Edge website, Dennett gives his firsthand account of his health problems, his consequent feelings of gratitude towards the scientists and doctors whose hard work made his recovery possible, and his complete lack of a "deathbed conversion".

He lives with his wife in North Andover, Massachusetts, and has a daughter, a son, and two grandsons."

-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_...(less)

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