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<book id="584608">
  <title><![CDATA[Language, Truth and Logic]]></title>
  <isbn><![CDATA[0486200108]]></isbn>
  <isbn13><![CDATA[9780486200101]]></isbn13>
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  <best_book_id type="integer">584608</best_book_id>
  <books_count type="integer">6</books_count>
  <default_description>&lt;div&gt;Classic introduction to objectives and methods of schools of empiricism and linguistic analysis, especially of the logical positivism derived from the Vienna Circle. Topics: elimination of metaphysics, function of philosophy, nature of philosophical analysis, the a priori, truth and probability, critique of ethics and theology, self and the common world, more.&lt;/div&gt;</default_description>
  <id type="integer">571459</id>
  <media_type nil="true"></media_type>
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  <original_publication_day type="integer" nil="true"></original_publication_day>
  <original_publication_month type="integer" nil="true"></original_publication_month>
  <original_publication_year type="integer">1936</original_publication_year>
  <original_title>Language, Truth and Logic</original_title>
  <rating_dist>total:129|5:33|4:36|3:33|2:19|1:8|</rating_dist>
  <ratings_count type="integer">129</ratings_count>
  <ratings_sum type="integer">454</ratings_sum>
  <reviews_count type="integer">242</reviews_count>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">14</text_reviews_count>
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  <average_rating><![CDATA[3.52]]></average_rating>
  <ratings_count><![CDATA[115]]></ratings_count>
  <text_reviews_count><![CDATA[12]]></text_reviews_count>
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/584608.Language_Truth_and_Logic]]></url>
  <authors>
        <author id="318816">
      <name><![CDATA[Alfred Jules Ayer]]></name>
      <role><![CDATA[]]></role>
      <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/318816.Alfred_Jules_Ayer]]></url>
      <average_rating><![CDATA[3.54]]></average_rating>
      <ratings_count><![CDATA[170]]></ratings_count>
      <text_reviews_count><![CDATA[16]]></text_reviews_count>
    </author>
      </authors>
    <reviews start="1" end="20" total="242">
    <review id="10477941">
    <user id="685502">
    <name><![CDATA[Ian]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Dover, DE]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/685502-ian]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>1</rating>
  <votes>2</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Dec 15 15:53:22 -0800 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Dec 15 15:54:36 -0800 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[It's highly probably that Ayer should have been killed before writing this garbage. Sorry, it's ridiculously poorly written, and the philosophy that it represents is trash... Damn people taking early Wittgenstein and going in the piss-poor direction with it.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/10477941]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="3719437">
    <user id="197436">
    <name><![CDATA[Kman]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/197436-kman]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>2</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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      </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 -0800 2001</read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Jul 28 17:13:57 -0700 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Jul 28 17:14:57 -0700 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Polemical? Yes. Dogmatic? Sure. Pretentious? Absolutely.<br/><br/>This is still among my favorite books of all time. You will never look at the world the same way ever again after reading it. It changed my life. And for the better.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/3719437]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="22411429">
    <user id="377317">
    <name><![CDATA[Leonard]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[San Antonio, TX]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/377317-leonard]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>1</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Fri May 16 21:20:05 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri May 16 21:20:55 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[My high rating here comes not from the fact that I agree with Ayer -- I certainly do not -- but that he's written an important, meaningful book. ]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/22411429]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="23766473">
    <user id="123081">
    <name><![CDATA[David]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[San Francisco, CA]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/123081-david-m]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>1</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Mon Aug 04 00:00:00 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Jun 05 08:54:18 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Aug 05 09:49:38 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Brash, ballsy, brainy, take-no-prisoners philosophy from a guy who was in his mid-twenties.<br/><br/>Now I understand why logical positivism and its ilk got such an enthusiastic response.<br/><br/><u>Shorter Ayer:</u>  Much of what is marketed today as philosophy isn't philosophy.  It's so mistaken tha...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/23766473">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/23766473]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="57411223">
    <user id="2356462">
    <name><![CDATA[Andrew]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2356462-andrew]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Tue May 26 14:59:52 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue May 26 15:06:10 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Clear exposition on the nature of propositions, especially on why certain propositions are &quot;meaningless.&quot;  Despite its age, highly dense prose, and presupposition of the so-called Principle of Verification, this book remains relevant to those keenly interested in the nature of Language and...]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/57411223]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="31106559">
    <user id="1458463">
    <name><![CDATA[Daniel]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/1458463-daniel]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Sun Aug 24 20:49:13 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Sep 02 17:04:26 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[One of the books that had an impact on my life. It didn't change my mind on anything or create an awakening because I've always had the same notions, except, not well thought out, but it was just really comforting if you can believe that. I admit, it was a very difficult read the first time around. ...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/31106559">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/31106559]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="16523074">
    <user id="948625">
    <name><![CDATA[Shane]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The Space-Time Conundrum known as Quin, Ireland]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/948625-shane-quinlan]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>1</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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      </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[everyone and anyone]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 -0700 2007</read_at>
  <date_added>Wed Feb 27 11:07:54 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Wed Feb 27 11:24:16 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This book really changed my thinking on many philosophical issues. <br/>Ayer argues that if a statement is to be meaningful, it must be either analytic or capable of being verified empirically. Anything else (ie metaphysics or ethics) is essentially bullshit. Or rather(to use an example) don't both...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/16523074">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/16523074]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="66443801">
    <user id="1574258">
    <name><![CDATA[Also, Safety Math]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Milwaukee, WI]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/1574258-also-safety-math]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>0</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Aug 06 12:02:58 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Mon Aug 17 18:20:06 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I'm putting this on my indefinite &quot;pretend&quot; to-read list.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/66443801]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="27968303">
    <user id="1260580">
    <name><![CDATA[Kyle]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Batavia, OH]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/1260580-kyle]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>1</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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      </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at>Sat Aug 09 00:00:00 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Jul 22 12:06:16 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sun Aug 10 12:30:40 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Ayer is an awful writer. His cumbersome sentences are the epitome of why philosophers need editors. As for the philosophy he propagates, logical positivism is a boring, dry &quot;cul-de-sac&quot;. Essentially, Ayer advises readers to ignore all philosophers besides the Empiricists and says the forme...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/27968303">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/27968303]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="12167764">
    <user id="717603">
    <name><![CDATA[Jack]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/717603-jack]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
  <shelves>
      </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Jan 10 11:37:32 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Jan 10 11:39:21 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This book is pure nonsense from beginning to end.  No, really: by the book's own standards of sensical language, everything written in the book is literally nonsense.  I'm serious.  Read it.  ]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/12167764]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="15785967">
    <user id="921414">
    <name><![CDATA[Josh]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Amesbury, MA]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/921414-josh]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
  <shelves>
      </shelves>
  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Feb 19 08:15:34 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Feb 19 08:16:06 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I highly recommend this to anyone who has metaphysical or existential issues. <br/><br/>Nonsensical!<br/><br/>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/15785967]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="3060026">
    <user id="152830">
    <name><![CDATA[Eric]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/152830-eric]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>4</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Fri Jul 13 22:17:32 -0700 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Jul 13 22:19:20 -0700 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Old-fashioned empiricism taken to its illogical conclusion.  Nevertheless, a classic.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/3060026]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="11706029">
    <user id="366448">
    <name><![CDATA[Lane]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Chattanooga, TN]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/366448-lane-wilkinson]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>5</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
  <shelves>
        <shelf name="logic" />
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 -0800 2004</read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Jan 05 08:56:39 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Jan 05 08:57:17 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This is the book that helped turn me into an expressivist.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/11706029]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="13606533">
    <user id="363184">
    <name><![CDATA[Khristy]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Hamtramck, MI]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/363184-khristy]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>0</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
  <sell_flag>false</sell_flag>
  <spoiler_flag>false</spoiler_flag>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Jan 26 06:29:21 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Jan 26 06:29:39 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Logical Positivism is dead.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/13606533]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="78868241">
    <user id="2125112">
    <name><![CDATA[Carter]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Arlington, VA]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2125112-carter-kalchik]]></url>
  </user>
      <rating>3</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Nov 24 11:46:04 -0800 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Nov 24 11:46:04 -0800 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/78868241]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="76129789">
    <user id="1073510">
    <name><![CDATA[Kathy]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/1073510-kathy]]></url>
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      <rating>2</rating>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Oct 29 11:46:39 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Oct 29 11:46:44 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/76129789]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="75973504">
    <user id="2841679">
    <name><![CDATA[Jesper]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2841679-jesper-stman]]></url>
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      <rating>3</rating>
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  <date_added>Tue Oct 27 22:02:09 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Oct 27 22:02:09 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/75973504]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="75898002">
    <user id="2874926">
    <name><![CDATA[Hans]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2874926-hans-bork]]></url>
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  <date_added>Tue Oct 27 10:03:18 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Oct 27 10:03:18 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/75898002]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="73728408">
    <user id="2580971">
    <name><![CDATA[wiwat]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Nakhon Pathom, Thailand]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2580971-wiwat]]></url>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Wed Oct 07 06:59:46 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Wed Oct 07 07:00:02 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/73728408]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="73601028">
    <user id="2115713">
    <name><![CDATA[Matt]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Los Angeles, CA]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2115713-matt]]></url>
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      <rating>0</rating>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
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  <date_added>Tue Oct 06 01:50:14 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Tue Oct 06 01:50:17 -0700 2009</date_updated>
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    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/73601028]]></url>
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