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The Conservative Mind

by Russell Kirk

4.05 of 5 stars 4.05 · rating details · 356 ratings · 41 reviews

The book that launched the modern American conservative movement, now available in trade paperback.

Paperback, 534 pages

Published September 1st 2001 by Regnery Publishing (first published 1953)

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Sep 02, 2012 Jeremy Purves rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: own

This book is simply astonishing. Voluminous, clear and concise, Kirk traces the history of thought and distinguishes between conservative thought in both Britain and America and other radical and progressive ideas. The result is a rich literary tradition and foundation that I fear most modern conservatives remain ignorant of.

The result has also convinced me (in a manner that I have never been able to understand as clearly before) that one of the primary intellectual characteristics of traditiona...more

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Feb 22, 2012 Gregg rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: politics, conservativism

I didn't pick this book out of a hat. Kirk's tome has been praised by figures such as Richard Nixon (according to Ambrose's biography, he read it avidly and used it to shape his own thinking) and William F. Buckley. Just last month, John Kass wrote a column in which he mentioned glancing at his own "dog-eared copy" of it and bemoaning the fact that today's Republicans can't articulate their own conservative principles, thereby guaranteeing Obama another term.

It doesn't take more than ten or twe...more I didn't pick this book out of a hat. Kirk's tome has been praised by figures such as Richard Nixon (according to Ambrose's biography, he read it avidly and used it to shape his own thinking) and William F. Buckley. Just last month, John Kass wrote a column in which he mentioned glancing at his own "dog-eared copy" of it and bemoaning the fact that today's Republicans can't articulate their own conservative principles, thereby guaranteeing Obama another term.

It doesn't take more than ten or twenty pages of reading to realize that, were any Republican to espouse Kirk's talking points, they wouldn't be able to get elected dogcatcher. The Conservative Mind, a history of the philosophy and ideas of conservatism, plumbs the likes of Edmund Burke, John Adams, Toqueville, T.S. Eliot and a slew of other philosophers, writers and politicians (some of which I'd never heard of) whose scorn for what Toqueville termed "despotic democracy" comes out crystal-clear:

Aristocracy (by his terms) is necessary in society;
Social and economic class is unavoidable (so much for Rick Perry's disavowal of the idea)
Not everyone's vote is equal, nor should it be;
The proletariat cannot be treated the same way as society's elites, which makes public education a waste of time and money;
We need a landed gentry with sufficient leisure to contemplate the heavy ideas and do the thinking for all of us, while we do the heavy work;
The southern politicians (Calhoun among them) "knew" the dangers of freeing "the negro population";

And so on. It's pretty eyebrow-raising, to say the least. Were the Republicans to hitch their collective wagon to this star, Joe the Plumber never would have had the career he did, the Tea Party would be home watching t.v. and Bush would have hung his Harvard and Yale certificates on the door to the Oval Office.

Nevertheless, it's a fascinating walk through a solidified ideology's history of Western civilization. Kirk is nothing if not erudite, and his argument is compelling, if maddeningly predictable in places. Depending on whom you ask, Kirks' predictions of democratic tyranny and a ruling power pulling all our strings may have come to pass, if one accepts his terms and premises. But by those same terms and premises, most of us are too dumb to realize it anyway. (less)

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Jul 30, 2011 James (JD) Dittes added it

What is a Conservative? Do they exist anymore? Amid the radical right-wing politics of today--torture, contempt for constitutional rights, a hijacking by the gun and energy lobbies--do real conservatives exist anymore?

That's why I checked out _The Conservative Mind_ on audiobook. I knew vaguely about Burke's "Notes on the Revolution in France." A book that promised to trace his influence down to the 1950s seemed irresistible.

For the first 100 years of his study, Kirk relies on familiar writers t...more What is a Conservative? Do they exist anymore? Amid the radical right-wing politics of today--torture, contempt for constitutional rights, a hijacking by the gun and energy lobbies--do real conservatives exist anymore?

That's why I checked out _The Conservative Mind_ on audiobook. I knew vaguely about Burke's "Notes on the Revolution in France." A book that promised to trace his influence down to the 1950s seemed irresistible.

For the first 100 years of his study, Kirk relies on familiar writers to trace the strain of conservatism. I was surprised to find James Fenimore Cooper and Nathaniel Hawthorne among the examples that Kirk used. I enjoyed learning more about 19th-century notables like John Quincy Adams, Alexis de Tocqueville and Henry Adams.

Kirk identifies the central precepts of conservatism as being a basic distrust in humanity balanced by a faith for and respect in ultimate power, namely God. Conservatives see virtue in a landed aristocracy, and they see value in limited distribution of education, wealth, authority, etc. In this light the past two hundred years--as liberals expanded suffrage and set up national institutions for education and welfare--have been a long retreat for Conservatives.

Kirk feels that Conservatism has a hope based upon its superior morality and its intellectual vigor. Writing as he did at a time (the early 1950s) when Communist nations were no longer ascendant and were beginning to calcify intellectually, it seems like an intellectual cake walk.

The book bogs down in the latter 3rd. While I enjoyed the thoughts on Burke, I lost interest in the fortunes of the British Conservative Party through Peel and Disreali. The 20th Century thinkers he cites are academic and little related to actual American history or culture. Overall, this was an interesting look into the history of Conservatism. It gave me a number of great reference points that challenged me (a proud liberal) and gave me ammunition for future arguments with my reactionary friends.(less)

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Dec 25, 2010 Devan rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: political-philosophy, philosophy

I am by no means a conservative in the Fox News sense. Nor am I a libertarian in the Ron Paul sense. Neither is Russel Kirk. This was one of those books that put into words many of my political beliefs that I was not otherwise able to express. Kirk sets out a conservatism that I would call "realism". He recognizes that revolutionary "isms" - Marxism, anarchism, fundamentalism, feminism, conservatism, neo-conservatism, liberalism, etc. - do not do justice to the reality of the world and try to im...more

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Nov 16, 2012 Sean Chick rated it 2 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Kirk has both a thorough knowledge of the subject and enthusiasm. Unfortunately, his language is too often given to hyperbole and he constantly overstates the influence of certain men. Edmund Burke is not the only reason Britain hewed to the conservative path. Indeed, Burke in general is treated with a holy reverence that gets under the skin rather quickly. The anti-democratic impulse that courses through this book is amusing and makes me wonder why so many American conservatives praise this wor...more

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Aug 30, 2012 Steve rated it 5 of 5 stars

According to Kirk, conservatives are skeptical of all big plans to remodel society or reform government based out of some ideology, doctrine, or a priori plan. Conservatives respect a nation's leaders because they are leaders, even if they disagree with them: the honor and authority of the institution is more important than the individual, even as the nation is more important than the party. Conservatives are skeptical of the market, and its socially corrosive tendency to reduce all values to th...more

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May 11, 2013 Matt rated it 5 of 5 stars

This was a survey of British and American conservative thought and thinkers from Edmund Burke to T.S. Eliot. An enlightening and at times dense book, it was well worth the effort. Helped me identify things I may have felt or presumed in my own thoughts that I might not have articulated very well before. It was also useful for contextualizing where we find ourselves politically in 21st century America. Conservatism, as explained through Kirk, is not an ideology per se, but the presumptions about...more This was a survey of British and American conservative thought and thinkers from Edmund Burke to T.S. Eliot. An enlightening and at times dense book, it was well worth the effort. Helped me identify things I may have felt or presumed in my own thoughts that I might not have articulated very well before. It was also useful for contextualizing where we find ourselves politically in 21st century America. Conservatism, as explained through Kirk, is not an ideology per se, but the presumptions about the world, humanity, and society that form a particular political and spiritual worldview, including (taken from a forward):

1) belief in transcendent order that rules society as well as conscience; politics is the art of apprehending and applying the Justice which ought to prevail in a community of souls.

2) affection for the proliferating variety and mystery of human existence, as opposed to narrowing uniformity that accompanies egalitarianism and utilitarianism; one should aspire to live a life worth living.

3) a conviction that men are equal before courts and in the judgment of God, but resist attempts to level natural distinctions between men.

4) belief that freedom and property are closely linked; separating property from private possession makes Leviathan master of all.

5) faith in custom, convention, and prescriptions passed down through our ancestors; distrust of those who would reconstruct society upon abstract designs.

6) recognition that change is not always salutary reform--"hasty innovation may be a devouring conflagration, rather than a torch of progress." Society must alter, but prudent change can ensure preservation.

There's an argument with some currency on the left that today's conservatives vary radically from yesterday's. While I find that a little self-serving, there is some truth to it. The biggest departures to me are the overemphasis of the individual to the detriment of the community (note, not the collective), and closely related, a focus on rights at the expense of responsibilities or obligations. In this context Libertarianism seems to me a fundamental version of conservatism (stated with the belief that fundamentalist religious movements usually distort religious orthodoxy by overemphasizing a minor point of a confession but claim they are getting back to the true faith as it was in the beginning).
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Jul 11, 2010 Kent rated it 5 of 5 stars

This is one of the most important books I have ever read. There are probably ten books in that category right now. Either I have extraordinary good fortune in the books I select, or I am too easily impressed. Hmm.

Although I had gathered before now that a gigantic chasm exists between the old world of Christendom and the new world of Modernity, the realization is refreshed and sharpened with almost every book I read now. This particular book helped that realization coalesce into concrete principl...more This is one of the most important books I have ever read. There are probably ten books in that category right now. Either I have extraordinary good fortune in the books I select, or I am too easily impressed. Hmm.

Although I had gathered before now that a gigantic chasm exists between the old world of Christendom and the new world of Modernity, the realization is refreshed and sharpened with almost every book I read now. This particular book helped that realization coalesce into concrete principles and events. The Great Books programs I had been through in the past somehow did not make clear the nature of the chasm between the two worlds; through both high school and two years of a college Great Books program I assumed that Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and the rest of the Enlightenment political theorists were in reasonable continuity with pre-Enlightenment Christian understandings of government. If I was not entirely unacquainted with Burke, Hooker, de Tocqueville, and the Southern conservatives, at least I did not understand how great an antithesis existed between those men as defenders of a Christian society, and the Enlightenment theorists as the harbingers of all that makes Modernity dull. And somehow none of those men made it into the Great Books reading lists.

Anyhow, The Conservative Mind boils down to the predicate that, by the 18th century, radical theories of society were arising in direct competition with the traditions of Christendom. The chapters in the book trace the intellectual defense of Christendom mounted since the time of Edmund Burke up to Russell Kirk's contemporaries. Though the emphasis is on the defenders of conservatism, their foils must inevitably make an appearance, and so Kirk's book amounts to a generation-by-generation history of the attacks of radicalism and the counterattacks (and slow, inexorable retreat) of conservatism.

Reading the older statesmen, who breathed a different air than our own, is a startling and illuminating exercise that throws into blinding relief just how great that chasm is, and provides a glimmer of lighting toward the pathway out of our modern cave.

That aside, I wish to note my appreciation of Russell Kirk as a writer and historian. His writing is clear, powerful, and elegant, and I deeply approve of his sensitivity toward his subjects. Like Philip Schaff, he had a "catholic" spirit that allowed him to sympathize with each figure individually and appreciate their peculiar merits in their particular circumstances, never lumping men together or making general judgements without first considering the details--a highly Burkean attitude, I might add. I am thinking particularly of his discussion of American conservatism, northern and Southern. Rather than treating the different sections at an ideological level, Kirk allowed a few important figures, in all of their idiosyncrasies, to stand for their respective sections. This freed him from the procrustean mistake of dealing with ideologies instead of personalities (more fatal in American history than in any other, I believe). Suffice it to say, his estimate of the South's character, good and bad, and her role in American history, was more careful and judicious than any other historian I have read, and once again reminded me of Schaff.

Of complaints, I have only two. First, he consistently presents the conservative aristocracy as having come unfairly under attack, and that (seemingly) out of nowhere. Of course history doesn't work that way. The aristocrats were truly the leaders and bastions of the Christian society of the West, and if revolution and infidelity sprang up on their watch, by definition they bear the responsibility, and almost as certainly some of the guilt, in the matter.

Second, I was disappointed that C S Lewis and G K Chesterton did not figure in his discussion of contemporary conservatism, while lesser figures such as Santayana or Babbit, did.
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Jun 21, 2008 Ezra Hood rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

This is one of the classic doorways into American conservatism. With this tome-- which Kirk intended to title "The Conservative Rout"-- the author provided the philosophical starting-gun that signalled the beginning of the modern American conservative movement. With Buckley, Goldwater, and a few others, Kirk revived Burkean conservatism first in America, and then throughout the West.

It's brilliant writing, and better thinking. Kirk analyzes the writing and thought of prominent (and sometimes not...more

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Dec 07, 2011 Kyle rated it 5 of 5 stars

An excellent study in intellectual history. A must-read for any student of history, ethics, or politics in the 20th century. He is sometimes a little too Catholic for my taste, and sometimes overly dogmatic, but his influence cannot be denied. Not only is Mr. Kirk a brilliant reader, but he has a wonderful grasp of language that makes this book, which could easily been very dry, a captivating read.

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Jul 14, 2012 Jacob Stubbs rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: isi-reading, politics

So, this book was a great articulation of British and American Southern thought. Kirk does an excellent job showing how conservatism is not necessarily what the "conservative" party thinks today (I'm looking at you, libertarians). He articulates a more "republic" centered governmental view with a great respect for the thoughts of Burke, Cicero, Aristotle, etc.

In addition to that, Kirk does an excellent job chronicling the Ante-Bellum Southern contributions to Conservative thought, as well as th...more

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Nov 15, 2012 Don Lowrance rated it 5 of 5 stars

I was stunned by the writers breath and depth of knowledge covering two centuries of conservative and liberal thought. The style he wrote in made me feel like he was contemporary with and a close friend of all the men he referenced in his work. I will be referencing and revisiting this work for the rest of my life.

Dr Don Lowrance

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Sep 10, 2012 Steven Pietrykowski rated it 5 of 5 stars

I just really like the premise of this book and that it's a classic in poli sci world intrigued me even more. It's tricky to follow a history of people who are resistant to change, rarely those who seek to oppose change are as remembered those who seek the change. But the vastness of this book especially the breadth of the profiles makes it an astounding read. I have a few quibbles with the discussion of what a conservative is. And there is a desperate need to devote a few chapters to economist...more

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Nov 28, 2011 Chris J rated it 4 of 5 stars

This is a tome - 500+ pages of conservative history. I really enjoyed this book and would recommend it to anyone who had a sincere interest in conservative thought. Certainly, it's not for the uncommitted reader. It's a labor, but I found it to be a labor of love. Aww, isn't that nice? I espeically enjoyed the sections on Tocqueville and John Henry Newman, as I did gaining a greater understanding of the conservative reaction towards Positivism, Materialism, etc. I was force fed this theory in gr...more

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Sep 14, 2010 Marvin marked it as to-read

Shelves: wishlist

I'm a big fan of Russell Kirk's gothic horror writings. But I have never read his books on conservative thought. This is considered his finest so it's about time I read it.

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Feb 09, 2013 Jai rated it 5 of 5 stars

Absolutely amazing. Kirk provides the detailed history of conservatism through the ages, while offering his profound analysis. It is easy to see where modern conservatism is split, as his concise description of Edmund Burke's philosophy is split into two components: personal liberty and moral responsibility. A must read for a paleoconservative

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Apr 22, 2011 Chris Hunt rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: not-finished

Very good book on history of conservatism. I've completed about 100 pages, then stopped due to difficult reading. I've simply never gone back yet, though I will.

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Sep 24, 2012 Cris rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: politics

Truly enjoying this book. The short chapters on individual political thinkers are manageable, and then eventually able to be leveraged into a cohesive picture of what conservatives think. Reading the chapter on John Adams and am quite struck by the obvious statement he made that conservatives do not seek to improve man like progressives do, but to meet him where he is. This thought for Adams, a very pious man, is centered in the fall of man. The belief that man has certain ignoble tendencies tha...more

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Feb 03, 2012 Jimbo rated it 5 of 5 stars

This is essential reading for understanding why major changes in society should not be accepted rapidly--and blindly.

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Jan 17, 2010 Bdesmond Desmond added it · review of another edition

The Conservative Mind, 7th Revised Edition: From Burke to Eliot by Russell Kirk (1986)

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Oct 04, 2012 Cate Nauhauser rated it 5 of 5 stars

Great book on how conservativism has been defined throughout America and England

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Jun 26, 2010 MG rated it 2 of 5 stars

Very informative, but very, VERY dry reading. I liked it, but I won't read it again.

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Feb 27, 2009 Blitsterman rated it 5 of 5 stars

Gives an interesting take on what Conservationism has become through the ages

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Dec 04, 2010 Jason rated it 4 of 5 stars

Highly recommended.

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Nov 21, 2009 Jonathan added it · review of another edition

Shelves: philosophy

None

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May 16, 2009 Douglas Wilson rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: politics

Excellent.

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Nov 11, 2011 Amblingbooks.com marked it as to-read · review of another edition

Shelves: available-on-audio, politics, audiobook

"Kirk is assured a place of prominence in the intellectual histories for helping to define the ethical basis of conservatism. He has tried to pull conservatism away from the utilitarian premises of liberalism, toward which conservatism often veers, toward a philosophy rooted in ethics and culture." � Wall Street Journal

Listen to The Conservative Mind on your iPhone, desktop, or smartphone.

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Jun 23, 2011 James A rated it 4 of 5 stars

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Apr 03, 2013 Eddy Allen rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: arts-and-historical

The book that launched the modern American conservative movement, now available in trade paperback.

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Apr 15, 2008 Jeffery rated it 5 of 5 stars

Kirk's prose style is archaic and enchanting. His history of ideas, with his thesis of conservatism as a disposition rather than an ideology, is broad and forceful, not easily harnessed or contained by any existing political platforms around in 2008. Perhaps this is why he is still so revered. Especially enjoyable are his investigations of Burke, Newman, Maine, and Eliot.

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About Russell Kirk

For more than forty years, Russell Kirk was in the thick of the intellectual controversies of his time. He is the author of some thirty-two books, hundreds of periodical essays, and many short stories. Both Time and Newsweek have described him as one of America’s leading thinkers, and The New York Times acknowledged the scale of his influence when in 1998 it wrote that Kirk’s 1953 book The Conserv...more For more than forty years, Russell Kirk was in the thick of the intellectual controversies of his time. He is the author of some thirty-two books, hundreds of periodical essays, and many short stories. Both Time and Newsweek have described him as one of America’s leading thinkers, and The New York Times acknowledged the scale of his influence when in 1998 it wrote that Kirk’s 1953 book The Conservative Mind “gave American conservatives an identity and a genealogy and catalyzed the postwar movement.”

Dr. Kirk wrote and spoke on modern culture, political thought and practice, educational theory, literary criticism, ethical questions, and social themes. He addressed audiences on hundreds of American campuses and appeared often on television and radio.

He edited the educational quarterly journal The University Bookman and was founder and first editor of the quarterly Modern Age. He contributed articles to numerous serious periodicals on either side of the Atlantic. For a quarter of a century he wrote a page on education for National Review, and for thirteen years published, through the Los Angeles Times Syndicate, a nationally syndicated newspaper column. Over the years he contributed to more than a hundred serious periodicals in the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, and Poland, among them Sewanee Review, Yale Review, Fortune, Humanitas, The Contemporary Review, The Journal of the History of Ideas, World Review, Crisis, History Today, Policy Review, Commonweal, Kenyon Review, The Review of Politics, and The World and I.

He is the only American to hold the highest arts degree (earned) of the senior Scottish university—doctor of letters of St. Andrews. He received his bachelor’s degree from Michigan State University and his master’s degree from Duke University. He received honorary doctorates from twelve American universities and colleges.

He was a Guggenheim Fellow, a senior fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies, a Constitutional Fellow of the National Endowment for the Humanities, and a Fulbright Lecturer in Scotland. The Christopher Award was conferred upon him for his book Eliot and His Age, and he received the Ann Radcliffe Award of the Count Dracula Society for his Gothic Fiction. The Third World Fantasy Convention gave him its award for best short fiction for his short story, “There’s a Long, Long Trail a-Winding.” In 1984 he received the Weaver Award of the Ingersoll Prizes for his scholarly writing. For several years he was a Distinguished Scholar of the Heritage Foundation. In 1989, President Reagan conferred on him the Presidential Citizens Medal. In 1991, he was awarded the Salvatori Prize for historical writing.

More than a million copies of Kirk’s books have been sold, and several have been translated in German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Korean, and other languages. His second book, The Conservative Mind (1953), is one of the most widely reviewed and discussed studies of political ideas in this century and has gone through seven editions. Seventeen of his books are in print at present, and he has written prefaces to many other books, contributed essays to them, or edited them.

Dr. Kirk debated with such well-known speakers as Norman Thomas, Frank Mankiewicz, Carey McWilliams, John Roche, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Michael Harrington, Max Lerner, Michael Novak, Sidney Lens, William Kunstler, Hubert Humphrey, F. A. Hayek, Karl Hess, Clifford Case, Ayn Rand, Eugene McCarthy, Leonard Weinglass, Louis Lomax, Harold Taylor, Clark Kerr, Saul Alinsky, Staughton Lynd, Malcolm X, Dick Gregory, and Tom Hayden. Several of his public lectures have been broadcast nationally on C-SPAN.

Among Kirk’s literary and scholarly friends were T. S. Eliot, Roy Campbell, Wyndham Lewis, Donald Davidson, George Scott-Moncrieff, Richard Weaver, Max Picard, Ray Bradbury, Bernard Iddings Bell, Paul Roche, James McAuley, Thomas Howard, Wilhem Roepke, Robert Speaight(less)

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Quotes from The Conservative Mind

“The twentieth-century conservative is concerned, first of all, for the regeneration of the spirit and character – with the perennial problem of the inner order of the soul, the restoration of the ethical understanding, and the religious sanction upon which any life worth living is founded. This is conservatism at its highest.” — 4 people liked it

“Rousseau and his disciples were resolved to force men to be free; in most of the world, they triumphed; men are set free from family, church, town, class, guild; yet they wear, instead, the chains of the state, and they expire of ennui or stifling lone lines.” — 1 person liked it

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