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Complexity: A Guided Tour

3.92 of 5 stars 3.92 · rating details · 355 ratings · 53 reviews

What enables individually simple insects like ants to act with such precision and purpose as a group? How do trillions of neurons produce something as extraordinarily complex as consciousness? In this remarkably clear and companionable book, leading complex systems scientist Melanie Mitchell provides an intimate tour of the sciences of complexity, a broad set of efforts th...more

Hardcover, 349 pages

Published April 1st 2009 by Oxford University Press, USA (first published March 2nd 2009)

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May 18, 2011 Mangoo rated it 5 of 5 stars

Melanie Mitchell è una docente di talento. Lo dimostrò con la sua "Introduzione agli algoritmi genetici", che per efficacia batte anche la presentazione del suo inventore (John Holland).
Con questo testo Melanie colma una lacuna importante: un testo introduttivo e comprensivo alla disciplina che va sotto il nome di Complessità.
E come c'era da aspettarsi il risultato è ottimo. Il testo introduce prima elementi di teoria dell'informazione, computazione, evoluzione e genetica, e poi passa in rassegn...more Melanie Mitchell è una docente di talento. Lo dimostrò con la sua "Introduzione agli algoritmi genetici", che per efficacia batte anche la presentazione del suo inventore (John Holland).
Con questo testo Melanie colma una lacuna importante: un testo introduttivo e comprensivo alla disciplina che va sotto il nome di Complessità.
E come c'era da aspettarsi il risultato è ottimo. Il testo introduce prima elementi di teoria dell'informazione, computazione, evoluzione e genetica, e poi passa in rassegna i numerosi campi in cui i concetti li sviluppati sono stati finora applicati (intelligenza artificiale, sociologia, reti, biologia e altro). Man mano che si avanza, mentre chi non conoscesse la materia rimarrà stupito dalla ricchezza di orizzonti e prospettive aperte, le correlazioni tra i campi diventano evidenti. E gli ultimi capitoli non risparmano interessanti e profonde riflessioni sul ruolo delle simulazioni nella scienza (la terza via, accanto a teoria e sperimentazione), sull'esistenza presunta di una teoria della complessità, sulla necessità di un nuovo linguaggio per questa nuova disciplina (così come il calcolo ha dato il linguaggio alla fisica newtoniana), sulle questioni aperte nell'evoluzionismo e nella genetica (ruolo dell'autoorganizzazione rispetto alla selezione naturale), sulla illusoria pervasività delle "power laws" che sembrano ormai "più normali delle distribuzioni normali (nel senso di gaussiane)".
La Mitchell usa sempre un linguaggio chiarissimo e preciso, comprensibile senza sacrificare la rigorosità scientifica, ed espone la materia in maniera progressiva senza richiedere sostanziali pre-conoscenze dal lettore (se non la sua intelligenza).
Ci sono capolavori divulgativi che dovrebbero essere lettura obbligatoria per quegli studenti di fine liceo/inizio università che volessero capire cosa la scienza può insegnare e mostrare loro quanto possa essere affascinante e ricca. "Un'occhiata alle carte di dio" di Ghirardi, "The evolution of complexity" di Axelrod, "Godel Escher Bach" di Hofstadter sono i primi che grandi esempi che mi vengono in mente. Questo testo della Mitchell è senza dubbio un ulteriore gioiello da aggiungere alla lista.(less)

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Nov 15, 2010 Maurizio Codogno rated it 2 of 5 stars

Shelves: divulgazione, finished

(se vuoi una mia recensione più seria di questo libro, va' su Galileo, http://www.galileonet.it/recensioni/1... !)

La complessità è una cosa complicata. Fin qui non ci piove. Ma lo è forse ancora più di quanto si pensi: anche se esiste la Teoria della Complessità, se si chiede a due ricercatori in questo campo di definirla si otterranno con ogni probabilità almeno due risposte diverse. Melanie Mitchell, probabilmente nota ai fan di Douglas Hofstadter visto che è stata una sua studentessa, ha racc...more

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Apr 27, 2013 Xing rated it 4 of 5 stars

One of the things I enjoyed most about Complexity was the author's description of how she entered the field and embarked upon research under the tutelage of Hofstadter. As a young research scientist at the start of my career, I found the description very encouraging and insightful.

I particularly liked the chapter that described her work in some detail- the iterative process of running 'codelets' on statements to extract meaningful relationships between elements and generate analogies.

The materi...more

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Apr 12, 2013 Alex Goodall rated it 4 of 5 stars

I had a vague notion of what the topic of complexity was about, but lacked a unifying concept of what was and was not in scope.

I now have a more in DEPTH vague notion of the topic, but still lack a unifying concept. However, I'm relaxed about that now because it seems there IS no such unifying concept (yet).

Highly recommended book that touches on so many interesting topics. Looking at them through the lens of complexity makes them even more interesting. (Computation, genetics, the immune system,...more

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Mar 14, 2013 Michael Quinn rated it 4 of 5 stars

Complexity is a very broad subject that touches upon many scientific fields that hold a prominent place in the popular imagination: chaos, information theory, molecular biology, artificial intelligence. For that very reason, it makes a great popular science book, since there are a lot of topics to jump around in. At the same time, a reader might walk away without ever truly understanding what complexity is. That's OK, since the term still lacks a rigorous definition among most scientists.

Mitchel...more

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Dec 31, 2012 Lachlan rated it 5 of 5 stars

This book, by an ex-student of the master-communicator Douglas Hofstadter who is now herself a distinguished professor, is a wonderful introduction to the concept of complexity that is playing an important role in present-day science. Mitchell takes a historical perspective, linking a broad range of developments in the 19th and early 20th centuries to current concerns. At times, especially when she delves into her own field of computer science, it's pretty tough going; at others, where she deals...more

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May 05, 2012 Rushi rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: 2012, popular-science

How does an ant colony organize itself? How does the immune system work? What is the similarity between the world wide web and your brain?

If you have pondered any of these questions, "Complexity: A Guided Tour" is just the book for you.1

Any computer scientist who graduated in the last ten or so years would have covered some of the topics in Melanie Mitchell's "Complexity: A Guided Tour", and would have probably wished that they had Ms. Mitchell as a lecturer!

Ms. Mitchell is clearly passionate...more

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Jan 18, 2011 Harry Robinson rated it 4 of 5 stars

This book is about the relatively new and highly interdisciplinary science of complexity. It explores several fascinating branches of science including chaos, brain structure, computer algorithms, and genetics. Mitchell builds to an overview of modern network science and then extends network theory to multiple fields, finding examples in unlikely areas such as cellular automata, the behavior of ant colonies, and the process of evolution. I was particularly fascinated by her discussion of genetic...more

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Jun 27, 2010 David rated it 4 of 5 stars

I finished Melanie Mitchell's Complexity, a Guided Tour a few days ago, and it was pretty neat. Mitchell is studying complex systems, and common properties that a variety of complex systems demonstrate (for instance, scale-free behavior). She reviewed Hofstadter's approach to Gödelian incompleteness, and gave an excellent overview of many of the current approaches to genetics. The most surprising thing I learned from the book was that the model of genetic encoding of DNA which I had been taught...more

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Aug 02, 2012 Dmitry Pirozhkov rated it 1 of 5 stars

Shelves: gave-up-on

The book is just too elementary. This book may be interesting for a bright high school student: it mentions a great deal of topics (briefly), provides some insights, and highlights unexpected ways of thinking (citing groundbreaking work when appropriate). However, it's useless when you want to actually understand something about complexity. "Complexity: A Guided Tour" is a spectacular but superficial introduction, nothing more. For example, it doesn't pay enough attention to models. Some standar...more

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Oct 27, 2009 Josiah rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: 2009

Not perfect, but generally awesome book overviewing fairly, clearly, and concisely a number of branches of science under the presumed goal of the title topic. As an "introduction", much of this was information I was already familiar with, but as it was well-presented and cogently organized, I'm confident I will return to this work as a reference. It is also a springboard, referencing countless studies and useful works that the interested reader could further pursue. And the ultimate conclusion t...more

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Aug 11, 2011 Ed rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: complexity, my-reviews

Melanie Mitchell is an excellent writer and teacher. She explains things very clearly, providing enough detail to be informative without overwhelming readers who have limited prior knowledge of the subject. This is an extremely useful book for anyone who wants to become familiar with basic concepts in the study of complexity. Mitchell exemplifies the concepts by discussing the immune system, ant colonies, biological metabolism and genetic networks. I found the book informative and enjoyable.

The...more Melanie Mitchell is an excellent writer and teacher. She explains things very clearly, providing enough detail to be informative without overwhelming readers who have limited prior knowledge of the subject. This is an extremely useful book for anyone who wants to become familiar with basic concepts in the study of complexity. Mitchell exemplifies the concepts by discussing the immune system, ant colonies, biological metabolism and genetic networks. I found the book informative and enjoyable.

The book succeeds in conveying some of the excitement surrounding the new interest in complexity. My one reservation is that it may actually understate the revolutionary implications of the field by neglecting some of the more visionary ideas of thinkers like Stuart Kauffman and Robert Rosen. For example, seven of the nineteen chapters are devoted to computer simulation. Although Mitchell discusses many definitions of complexity, she never mentions Rosen's contention (in Life Itself) that the world of computing machines is inherently simple, and that true complexity is exactly what cannot be reduced to an algorithm and simulated by a machine. For Rosen, a complex system is a system of interdependent functional components, each of which is meaningful in the context of the whole. Recognition of this complexity allows us to take explanation to a higher level, not just asking how a component does something (the mechanism or algorithm), but why it does it (its relevance within its organizational context, which is part of a larger ecological context) I think this kind of explanation requires methods of contextual interpretation that are more common in the humanities and social sciences, consistent with Kauffman's call (in Investigations) for a new union of art and science. Scientists doing computer simulations can evade the problem of investigating natural contexts that may be boundless and changing, since they get to define a fixed context for the machine when they write a program. They tell the machine what game to play, what kind of network to build, what pattern to look for in the data. The machine cannot and need not construct its own context within which its actions can be meaningful to itself. Mitchell is well aware that our computers do not yet construct meaning, function or purpose--she calls it AI's hardest problem--but she seems to feel that this can be overcome with more sophisticated machines and programming. So we keep using mechanical models for natural systems that some of our deepest thinkers believe to be irreducible to mechanics.

In an effort to get a machine to do something meaningful, Mitchell wrote a program named "Copycat" to get a computer to make analogies, under the direction of Douglas Hofstadter. She simplified the problem by asking the computer to work with strings of letters, solving problems such as "abc is to abd as mrrjjj is to ?" She operationalized some basic concepts for the computer, such as rightmost, leftmost, successor and predecessor, and programmed it to build on those concepts as it made associations. After six years of very smart programming (and a doctoral dissertation), she got the computer to complete analogies sensibly. (Its most common solution to the problem above was mrrkkk, but occasionally it came up with the more subtle mrrjjjj--get it?) She has discovered a possible mechanism--a very elaborate one at that--by which a system could recognize a certain kind of pattern in the data. But if we ask, why this pattern, the answer remains simple. The machine seeks the kind of pattern we told it to look for. If we were studying a natural system, the answer would be inherently complex, since we would have to understand what patterns the system itself looks for, by seeing their relevance within its own developing organizational and ecological context. I don't see how that understanding could be expressed in an algorithm. I agree with Kauffman that the biosphere "is doing something literally incalculable, nonalgorithmic." I wish that the book had included some discussion of these issues, which a science of true complexity must address.

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Nov 14, 2011 J Scott Shipman rated it 5 of 5 stars

I read Dr. Mitchell's excellent Complexity, A Guided Tour last December (2010). Mitchell does a splendid job of explaining the sciences of complexity. She does a thorough job defining/describing the background and history of complexity in life and computer programs. Her treatment of the "New Science of Networks" was the most revealing and instructive for me.

Dr. Mitchell concludes this excellent volume with admission that complexity is in "early stages," and requires "an adventurous intellectual...more

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Sep 10, 2010 Bruce rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: non-fiction

Overall this is an interesting grab bag of the many disciplines that might fall into the complexity category. There is plenty here to get you thinking, and it's a worthwhile read.

On the other hand, in places the author doesn't grasp subtle distinctions and displays slightly obtuse thinking, and to her credit admits that she doesn't fully understand Wolfram's book about computation.

Other reviewers here at goodreads have made some excellent points as well...

So on the whole what you have is a book...more

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Dec 23, 2010 Mark Changizi rated it 4 of 5 stars

"Complexity – what is it, and does it matter? Melanie Mitchell, a denizen of the community of complexity researchers provides an engaging introduction to the many interdisciplinary issues surrounding attempts at understanding how fantastic holistic attributes can arise from teems of underwhelming components. …how minds arise from simple neurons, and cagey ant colonies from embarrassingly thick-headed individual ants."

See my entire Quarterly Review of Biology review at http://changizi.wordpress....more

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Jun 10, 2010 Richard Williams added it

first half or so is good, up to her phd thesis explanation. best put that chapter into an appendix and rewrite the rest.

apparently popular science is best written either as a cumulation story or as independent chapters that tie together in the end. the cumulation story would be introduction, then more info, then big point you want to make after most everyone is up to speed. the issue is how to provide background information without loosing people and boring the knowledgeable at the same. what ti...more

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Aug 20, 2012 Mark rated it 4 of 5 stars

In Complexity: A Guided Tour, Melanie Mitchell describes bits and pieces of the emerging field presently being called “complex systems science.” “Complexity” relates to how our brain networks operate, how ants work together to accomplish their tasks, how the immune system fights off disease, and has countless other real-world applications as well which are only beginning to be understood.
Overlapping concepts and recurring basic elements arising from different disciplines such as the above includ...more In Complexity: A Guided Tour, Melanie Mitchell describes bits and pieces of the emerging field presently being called “complex systems science.” “Complexity” relates to how our brain networks operate, how ants work together to accomplish their tasks, how the immune system fights off disease, and has countless other real-world applications as well which are only beginning to be understood.
Overlapping concepts and recurring basic elements arising from different disciplines such as the above include: self-organization, non-equilibrium, stability, bifurcation, symmetry breaking, and long-range order, amongst others. Unfortunately, however, as of yet there is no set of overriding general principles, generally agreed-upon vocabulary, real glue, or “Grand Unified Theory” holding it all together (in the last chapter Mitchell calls this hyper calculus, in remembrance of how the invention of calculus allowed Newton to pull his laws of motion together).

As I read this book, I appreciated greatly Mitchell’s summaries of the works of others who have gone before her. Having recently picked up Stephen Wolfram’s A New Kind of Science but only skimming its 1192 pages, I appreciated the brief but concise explanation of his work. I enjoyed learning about computer programs which evolve (genetic algorithms and their applications). Although I think there is room for considerably more research, I enjoyed reading the treatment of fractals and power laws and metabolic scaling theory. Toward the end, the explanation of Stuart Kauffman’s work in the field of Evolutionary Developmental Biology with Random Boolean Networks seems to indicate that in evolutionary processes natural selection may in principle not be necessary in order to create a complex creature. There’s much more besides.

On the downside, while I appreciated Mitchell’s presentation and obvious passion for the material, there were sections of almost every chapter (some as short as a few sentences but others sometimes spanning several paragraphs) which try as I might I could not always entirely get my head around. Also, some of the ideas which are presented may not all rest in solid science and have already been criticized by a number of skeptics. Nevertheless, this is a good introduction for lay people who might not have all the up-to-date math/science background and who want to consider this as a good book to lay down a framework. Consider it to be, as the author suggests, merely a guided tour, an overview, and not a detailed error-free treatment of every topic.
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May 19, 2012 Robert rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: science

While anyone following the current scientific conversation may already be familiar with most of the ideas presented in the book (e.g. small-world networks, information theory, cellular automata), Mitchell succeeds in creating a compelling narrative to connect them. Each generation must find a cohesive way to synthesize what previous generations have done in order to move forward, and Complexity provides this grounding for upcoming researchers in complex systems. I personally picked up this boo...more

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Sep 16, 2009 Antonio rated it 5 of 5 stars

It is one of the best books about complex systems I have read. Several concepts are properly defined and the examples are easy to understand. Full of references.

Complex systems, as explained by Mitchell, are not completely defined, but this new science is being building up every day and from several fields, from the social science to the life sciences. Complex systems present several features in common, such as that of chaos, network formation, information processing, complex collective behavios...more

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Oct 23, 2012 Keith Swenson rated it 4 of 5 stars

The Science of Complexity is arguably one of the most important fields of study today because it is struggling to explain many emergent phenomena around us using a new tool of computation. As you can imagine, these are not simple topics to understand, but Melanie Mitchell does a marvelous job of of making these difficult topics understandable.

Why is this subject important? Want to know how the brain works? It is a complex network of neurons, and thought is an emergent phenomenon. Want to know ho...more

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Jun 09, 2012 Andy rated it 3 of 5 stars

The beginning and end of COMPLEXITY: A GUIDED TOUR were interesting, accessible, and worthwhile.

The middle was not as interesting and - for me, with weak math and technical background - not really accessible.

Mitchell does a decent job of conveying both the objective importance of complexity as a field of study/research, and she described how she got interested and was pulled in to the work. Then she launches into a series of chapters that give examples of case studies in complexity as it current...more

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Jul 08, 2012 Fungus Gnat rated it 5 of 5 stars

In this book, Mitchell undertakes, as she puts it, to “give a guided tour, flavored with my own perspectives, of some of the core ideas of the sciences of complexity—where they come from and where they are going.” When I was going to college and graduate school, the “sciences of complexity” did not even exist yet, so, even though I’ve been vaguely aware of research on networks and so forth, this book usefully encapsulates a whole area of science that is basically new to me.

Actually, “usefully en...more In this book, Mitchell undertakes, as she puts it, to “give a guided tour, flavored with my own perspectives, of some of the core ideas of the sciences of complexity—where they come from and where they are going.” When I was going to college and graduate school, the “sciences of complexity” did not even exist yet, so, even though I’ve been vaguely aware of research on networks and so forth, this book usefully encapsulates a whole area of science that is basically new to me.

Actually, “usefully encapsulates” understates Mitchell’s achievement here. For one thing, she is not even a writer by profession but a scientist. She is a professor of computer science at Portland State University and an “external professor” at the Santa Fe Institute, apparently a focal point for the development of complexity sciences over the past quarter-century. Nonetheless, she has managed a book that is lively, summative, transparent, and balanced—a model of science popularization that neither talks down to its readers not talks over them. Her enthusiasm for her subject matter is palpable, and she is not above throwing in homey examples from her own personal life when helpful, but she keeps the focus on science, where it belongs, and not on herself. She displays plenty of personality but no ego. This is particularly evident in her fair treatment of skeptical points of view, especially those to the effect that there may be no “there” in the “sciences of complexity.”

Be that as it may, Mitchell makes an engaging tour guide as she runs down the paths of pattern, scale, and computation that reflect intriguingly across disparate disciplines. She errs only in including an example of computer analogizing drawn from her dissertation that runs on for 10 pages. That aside, Mitchell grabbed my attention and held it with her direct style, her historically informed approach, and her inherently “sexy” subject matter. To top it off, the book is well edited, there are plenty of photos and graphic examples, and the notes are quite satisfactory.
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Sep 20, 2009 Kevin rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: life-science, physics-and-math, social-science

This is quite the good update (or introduction) to a rapidly expanding area of research with applications across areas as diverse as ant behavior, genome regulation, and Google searches. I personally particularly liked the sections (with examples) of genetic algorithms. Mitchell's writing is clear and explicates her points quite well.

A good read if you are at all interested in current thinking on complexity, chaos, and related notions.

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Nov 14, 2011 J Scott Shipman rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: favorites

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Feb 20, 2010 Joe rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: nonfiction

This book is entertaining enough as a layman's guide to complexity theory (or theories as might be better stated), but toward the high end of lay-person friendliness. It is best read by somebody not affraid of a bit of mathematical jargon. Given a willingness to get over that, this book will take you on a tour through a wider range of disciplines than you might expect. Chaos, information theory, evolution to name a few.

The author has a refereshing moment of honesty at the end, making an admissio...more

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Sep 12, 2012 Jose Ruivo rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: science

Very good overview of many fascinating aspects of complexity. Pity that the fear of losing half the potential readers for each mathematical formula in the book prevents the author from going deeper in some subjects! But it will awaken the interest of many of us to new aspects of complexity: in my case it was the subject of genetic algorithms.

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Apr 11, 2013 Tim rated it 4 of 5 stars

Complexity, chaos, computation, artificial intelligence, self-reproducing computer programs, cellular automata, networks... this book covers a lot! It's well written and accessible, but I'd argue that the chapters follow really only a loose thread of continuity. Still, it's a very engaging overview of the emerging science of complexity.

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Oct 10, 2011 Hadassah rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: systems-and-or-evolutionary-thinkin, favorite-books

Great introduction to Complexity Science. Some chapters were better than others but overall I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in any type of scientific research. Melanie does a good job in covering areas of controversy related to the field in a way the other accessible Complexity Science books that I have read have not. Chapters are short and basic introductory material as well as moderately advanced material is included. Although she references previous and later chapters, you...more

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Feb 05, 2012 Betsy Dion rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: nonfiction

If you can overlook a handful of ignorant and naive statements about the relationship between science and religion, then the rest of this book is gold. As our world and our technology become more and more complex and interconnected, the field of complexity science attempts to develop ways to analyze and explain our complex systems. The author gives a brief overview of the various branches of complexity science, and gives simple examples and applications. Having some background in math or science...more

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Apr 03, 2012 Jonathan rated it 4 of 5 stars

The most readily understandable book on this topic that I've ever read; ties together a number of seemingly unrelated ideas, from chaos, energy, entropy, information and computation theories, networks, and biology, without requiring the reader to have much of a background in any of these disciplines.

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“Whew, this might be getting a bit confusing. I hope you are following me so far. This is the point in every Theory of Computation course at which students either throw up their hands and say "I can't get my mind around this stuff!" or clap their hands and say "I love this stuff!"

Needless to say, I was the second kind of student, even though I shared the confusion of the first.” — 2 people liked it

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