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<book id="1938247">
  <title><![CDATA[Torture and Democracy]]></title>
  <isbn><![CDATA[0691114226]]></isbn>
  <isbn13><![CDATA[9780691114224]]></isbn13>
    <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1190593399m/1938247.jpg</image_url>
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  <default_description>&lt;p&gt;This is the most comprehensive, and most comprehensively chilling, study of modern torture yet written. Darius Rejali, one of the world's leading experts on torture, takes the reader from the late nineteenth century to the aftermath of Abu Ghraib, from slavery and the electric chair to electrotorture in American inner cities, and from French and British colonial prison cells and the Spanish-American War to the fields of Vietnam, the wars of the Middle East, and the new democracies of Latin America and Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; As Rejali traces the development and application of one torture technique after another in these settings, he reaches startling conclusions. As the twentieth century progressed, he argues, democracies not only tortured, but set the international pace for torture. Dictatorships may have tortured more, and more indiscriminately, but the United States, Britain, and France pioneered and exported techniques that have become the lingua franca of modern torture: methods that leave no marks. Under the watchful eyes of reporters and human rights activists, low-level authorities in the world's oldest democracies were the first to learn that to scar a victim was to advertise iniquity and invite scandal. Long before the CIA even existed, police and soldiers turned instead to &quot;clean&quot; techniques, such as torture by electricity, ice, water, noise, drugs, and stress positions. As democracy and human rights spread after World War II, so too did these methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Rejali makes this troubling case in fluid, arresting prose and on the basis of unprecedented research--conducted in multiple languages and on several continents--begun years before most of us had ever heard of Osama bin Laden or Abu Ghraib. The author of a major study of Iranian torture, Rejali also tackles the controversial question of whether torture really works, answering the new apologists for torture point by point. A brave and disturbing book, this is the benchmark against which all future studies of modern torture will be measured.&lt;/p&gt;</default_description>
  <id type="integer">1940809</id>
  <media_type nil="true"></media_type>
  <original_language_id type="integer" nil="true"></original_language_id>
  <original_publication_day type="integer">12</original_publication_day>
  <original_publication_month type="integer">11</original_publication_month>
  <original_publication_year type="integer">2007</original_publication_year>
  <original_title>Torture and Democracy</original_title>
  <rating_dist>total:11|5:4|4:4|3:2|2:1|</rating_dist>
  <ratings_count type="integer">11</ratings_count>
  <ratings_sum type="integer">44</ratings_sum>
  <reviews_count type="integer">54</reviews_count>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">9</text_reviews_count>
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  <average_rating><![CDATA[4.00]]></average_rating>
  <ratings_count><![CDATA[11]]></ratings_count>
  <text_reviews_count><![CDATA[9]]></text_reviews_count>
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1938247.Torture_and_Democracy]]></url>
  <authors>
        <author id="881114">
      <name><![CDATA[Darius Rejali]]></name>
      <role><![CDATA[]]></role>
      <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/881114.Darius_Rejali]]></url>
      <average_rating><![CDATA[4.00]]></average_rating>
      <ratings_count><![CDATA[11]]></ratings_count>
      <text_reviews_count><![CDATA[9]]></text_reviews_count>
    </author>
      </authors>
    <reviews start="1" end="20" total="54">
    <review id="70041532">
    <user id="964233">
    <name><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
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  <read_at>Sat Sep 26 00:00:00 -0700 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Fri Sep 04 09:32:00 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Sep 26 11:31:13 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count>starting ch 21  p446</read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[from the library c2007  there is a newer edition<br/>author is prof at Reed College<br/>thorough<br/><br/>Table of Contents c2007<br/><br/>Preface  xv  <br/>Acknowledgments  xix  <br/>Introduction  1 (2) <br/> Historical Claims <br/>  3 (2) <br/> Puzzles and Cautions <br/>  5 (3) <br/> ...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/70041532">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/70041532?utm_medium=api]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="37341880">
    <user id="1147004">
    <name><![CDATA[Elisabeth]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Portland, OR]]></location>        
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Mon Nov 10 11:48:22 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Mon Nov 10 12:04:06 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I put this book on my wish list because, though it's obviously going to be a hard read, it looks like an exceptional study of modern history via the evolution of torture. Intriguingly, the author argues that it's not the dictatorships that continuously push torture forward: it's the democracies. Whi...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/37341880">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/37341880?utm_medium=api]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="16514493">
    <user id="948248">
    <name><![CDATA[Corbin]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Houston, TX]]></location>        
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      <rating>2</rating>
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[]]></recommended_for>
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  <read_at>Fri Feb 29 16:47:29 -0800 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Wed Feb 27 09:36:13 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Feb 29 16:47:17 -0800 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This has been a long, albeit good read on the history of torture, the techniques, and it's migration.  It is written more on the academic side than I first expected, but any audience should be able to grasp it.  I find an annoying repetition when he describes the migration of techniques from one cou...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/16514493">more...</a>]]></body>
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</review>
    <review id="28593969">
    <user id="991914">
    <name><![CDATA[Tombo]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
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      <rating>4</rating>
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  <read_at>Thu Aug 07 05:21:35 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Tue Jul 29 05:05:21 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Aug 07 05:21:35 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Very good, very in-depth scientific review of the history and facts of torture.  No sensationalism or emotional appeals; strictly academic.  Very useful for the pragmatic opponent of torture.<br/><br/>Tends to be a little long-winded/verbose.<br/><br/>He also has a very unique perspective on how...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/28593969">more...</a>]]></body>
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</review>
    <review id="17792677">
    <user id="985523">
    <name><![CDATA[Matthew]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/985523-matthew?utm_medium=api]]></url>
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      <rating>4</rating>
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  <recommended_by><![CDATA[Frederick Ahl]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Sat Mar 01 00:00:00 -0800 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Mar 15 05:34:28 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Mar 21 07:48:49 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[An important and timely book...all 800+ pages of it. It can become tedious at times, but with a quickly roving eye and an aggressive pursuit of a single line of thought, the reader can find a decisive statement on what are and are not the boundaries of the *real* issue of torture. Illuminating and t...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/17792677">more...</a>]]></body>
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</review>
    <review id="25517685">
    <user id="1115034">
    <name><![CDATA[José-antonio]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[The United States]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/1115034-jos-antonio-orosco?utm_medium=api]]></url>
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      <rating>5</rating>
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  <date_added>Thu Jun 26 00:24:48 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sun Jun 29 18:30:29 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[What a fascintating and haunting read!  It turns out that most of the effective torture methods used by the Nazis and Soviets to get confessions from political prisoners were first developed by American cops in places like Chicago and New York in the early 20th century.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/25517685?utm_medium=api]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="29562881">
    <user id="1027554">
    <name><![CDATA[Paul]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Collinsville, IL]]></location>        
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  <date_added>Thu Aug 07 17:56:06 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Aug 07 17:59:29 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This book is almost nine hundred pages in length.  It is thicker than both my shins.  As Ed McMahon would say, everything you ever wanted to know about torture and democracy is in this book.  I am going to be one happy camper when I finally finish it.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/29562881?utm_medium=api]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="29127503">
    <user id="419287">
    <name><![CDATA[Jessica]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[New York, NY]]></location>        
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  <recommended_for><![CDATA[people who are into torture, and democracy]]></recommended_for>
  <recommended_by><![CDATA[the guy who wrote it, i guess]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Sun Aug 03 10:17:54 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sun Aug 03 10:17:54 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[This mother is torturously massive, and I can guarantee I'll never read the whole book, but I would like to have a look at at least some of it, because it's about two of my favorite things!]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/29127503?utm_medium=api]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="28387457">
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    <name><![CDATA[Mindy]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Richmond Hill, NY]]></location>        
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  <recommended_by><![CDATA[Ginnie Jones]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Jul 26 18:20:17 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Jul 26 18:20:43 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[880 pages????]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/28387457?utm_medium=api]]></url>
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  <date_added>Mon Nov 16 16:55:05 -0800 2009</date_added>
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