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  <title><![CDATA[Time Lord: Sir Sandford Fleming and the Creation of Standard Time]]></title>
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  <default_description>In the 1880s, a businessman traveling by train from New York to Boston needed, on arrival, to adjust his clock, moving it ahead by 12 minutes. The strange increment, writes Clark Blaise, was a matter of local interpretation, some enterprising Bostonian having determined that the rising sun touched the shore of Massachusetts a dozen minutes before warming Manhattan.&lt;p&gt;  Such local interpretations of time made the job of establishing railroad schedules a matter of guesswork and hope, as the Canadian entrepreneur Sandford Fleming discovered when he missed a train in the west of Ireland in 1876. Frustrated, Fleming realized that a new system of universal time would need to be created if railroad travel were ever to realize its full potential. As Blaise writes, &quot;the adoption of standard time for the world was as necessary for commercial advancement as the invention of the elevator was for modern urban development,&quot; and nations such as England that had a system of standard time in place owed much of their economic superiority to the predictability and reliability such a system put in place.&lt;p&gt;  Fleming discovered that getting the world onto the same schedule required years of negotiating and browbeating, a nightmare that Blaise ably recounts. Fleming's efforts eventually paid off, and as Blaise writes, &quot;Of all the inventions of the Industrial Age, standard time has endured, virtually unchanged, the longest.&quot; His entertaining account of how that came to be will be of appeal to readers who enjoyed Dava Sobel's &lt;I&gt;Longitude&lt;/I&gt;, Henry Petroski's &lt;I&gt;The Pencil&lt;/I&gt;,  and other popular works in the history of technology. &lt;I&gt;--Gregory McNamee&lt;/I&gt;</default_description>
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