Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

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Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

4.58 of 5 stars 4.58 · rating details · 300 ratings · 65 reviews

Beginning with Jesus' birth, Ken Bailey leads you on a kaleidoscopic study of Jesus throughout the four Gospels. Bailey examines the life and ministry of Jesus with attention to the Lord's Prayer, the Beatitudes, Jesus' relationship to women, and especially Jesus' parables. Through it all, Bailey employs his trademark expertise as a master of Middle Eastern culture to lead...more

Paperback, 443 pages

Published January 1st 2008 by IVP Academic (first published January 11th 2007)

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Oct 31, 2011 Gregory Soderberg rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: theology, nt-studies

This book is amazing! Bailey lived for 60 years in the Middle East, and has literally lived through the Bible story. The book begins with a stunning study, which presents a convincing case that Jesus was actually born in a house (since many poor, Middle Eastern homes actually have mangers in the house!). I won't give away the rest of his argument, but I did want to share another tid-bit that lept out at me.

Speaking of the Magi, and who they might have been, he writes: "In the 1920s a British sch...more

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Jul 17, 2012 Christine rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: spiritual

This is a spectacular book. Well worth the investment of time and energy. It has revolutionized my view of Jesus and the gospel story

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Aug 29, 2011 Joanne rated it 3 of 5 stars

Shelves: non-fiction

Interesting - mostly - analysis of New Testament stories and parables, but adding MIddle Eastern historical and cultural context. Best is chapter 1 on the birth of Jesus. For example, the "stable" might have been a house, and Mary wouldn't have been alone. Peter's calling is also interesting, and so are some of the stories featuring women. The sections on the Beatitudes and the parables are a Big Yawn, I think because they stand pretty well by themselves and don't need much more context to help...more

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Jan 27, 2012 Josh Hopping rated it 5 of 5 stars

The sad thing about living in a Western influenced culture is that we rarely have the opportunity to hear and learn from our brothers and sisters in the East. Kenneth Bailey tries to remedy this issue with his book “Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies In The Gospels.”

“Middle Eastern Christians have been called the forgotten faithful. The world knows that across the centuries there have been Jews and Muslims in the Middle East. For the most part, however Middle Eastern Christians...more The sad thing about living in a Western influenced culture is that we rarely have the opportunity to hear and learn from our brothers and sisters in the East. Kenneth Bailey tries to remedy this issue with his book “Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies In The Gospels.”

“Middle Eastern Christians have been called the forgotten faithful. The world knows that across the centuries there have been Jews and Muslims in the Middle East. For the most part, however Middle Eastern Christians evaporated from Western consciousness after the Council of Chalcedon in A.D. 451. Few are aware of the existence today of more than ten million Arabic-speaking Christians who possess a rich heritage of ancient and modern literature. Speaking a Semitic language, these Christians are a people who live, breathe, think, act and participate in Middle Eastern culture; they are rooted in the traditional ways of the Middle East. Their voices, past and present, need to be heard in biblical studies.” (Preface, pg 11-12)

Accordingly Bailey draws from a collection of Syriac, Hebrew/Aramaic and Arabic commentaries, Bible translations and other writings to bring a fresh look at the message of Jesus. It is this connection to our Eastern family that makes Bailey’s book so refreshing and welcoming.

In other words, this isn’t a novelty book full of ‘new’ theological ideas. Nay, a lot of what he says is similar to what I’ve heard before or has worked out myself with the Lord. The genius of the book is Bailey’s reliance on the Church Fathers of the East who illuminate the culture around the life of Jesus.

Take for example the parable of the unjust steward in Luke 16. For those of in the West this parable tends to be ignored as it seems that Jesus is praising someone who cheats their boss and lies about it. Yet, as Bailey points out, the ‘missing’ piece in the story is the community in which the steward and his boss lives in. Once you ‘add’ that piece back into the story, you begin to realize that there is more subtlety to the steward’s actions that glorified his master and placed him in a position of shaming the community as a whole or hiring the steward back.

“The parable is built on the psychology of an oppressed peasantry, such as is known to have existed in Galilee at the time of Jesus. The steward is a Robin Hood figure, a countercultural hero. But at the end of the story, Jesus calls him ‘a son of this age/world.’ He is smart enough to know that his only hope to put his entire trust in the unqualified mercy of his generous master. His morals are deplorable. Nonetheless, Jesus wants ‘the sons of light’ to use their intelligence, like the dishonest steward, and to trust completely in the mercy of God for their salvation.” (pg 341)

As you can see, this isn’t so much a ‘new’ concept as it is a deeper one with more meaning and depth. It’s like watching a movie in 3-D as opposed to 2-D. You get the general jest of the film in both formats, but the 3-D version just brings things to life as the images bring you into the world of the movie. Bailey’s culture studies does this with the life of Jesus, bring you into the world in which Jesus lived so that the depth and genius of his words and actions come alive.

“Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes” is definitely a good book to have on hand when studying the life of Jesus.

Kenneth Bailey, by the way, is an American Presbyterian minister who spend 60 years (1935-1995) in the Middle East living and breathing the culture of the land. Forty of those years were spent teaching New Testament Bible classes in Egypt, Lebanon, Jerusalem and Cyprus.

PS => Bailey recently published a companion book called “Paul Through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural Studies in 1 Corinthians.” While I personally have not read this one yet, I’ve heard that it is just as good as “Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes.” So if you are studying Paul or 1 Corinthians this may be a book worth picking up.
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Jul 27, 2011 Joseph Sverker added it

Shelves: biblical-studies-theology

I must say that I was somewhat disappointed with this book. I thought that it would give me many new insights in the Gospels and about the person Jesus through its cultural perspective, but I can't say that it gave me much in either way. Bailey goes on about the structure in more or less evey single interpretation, and he is right, but it is so obvious that one doesn't have to mention it every time. The book feels more like a normal biblical commentary than a monograph on Jesus. There are some g...more

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Jun 21, 2010 Diane rated it 5 of 5 stars

Fascinating cultural history of the Gospels by someone who has lived most of his life in the Middle East. Topics include the parables of Jesus (with an explanation of how Middle Eastern stories put the climax in the middle), Jesus and women, etc. Bailey provides many new insights, although I would estimate that about half of his insights on the parables are available in other commentaries and/or do not directly relate to Middle Eastern cultural history.

Nevertheless, the book is filled with insig...more

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Jul 09, 2010 Charlie rated it 5 of 5 stars

This book opened up a whole new understanding of Jesus in the Gospels. Kenneth E. Bailey spent many years in the Middle East and studied under many Middle Eastern writers. He presents Hebrew, Greek, and Mideastern thought in this book and documents his sources.

Another thing I like about this book is that Mr. Bailey presents various options to consider in interpreting the Gospels and life of Jesus from a cultural standpoint, but leaves the reader with the freedom of choice as to how view Jesus an...more

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Oct 26, 2011 Stewart Dorward rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: christian

Brilliant contextualisation of many of the stories in the Gospels - the writer makes it clear that so little had changed from Jesus' day up til very recently that he could see direct parallels between Palestinian life in the 1960s to 80s and the time of Jesus. My favourite is the story of the Samaritan and Jewish friends meeting - the Samaritan can only eat an apple and only that coz he could peel it with his own knife and remove the skin which was unclean as it had been touched by a non-Samarit...more

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Jul 23, 2010 Michael rated it 5 of 5 stars

I highly recommend this book, and it's on my list of books to buy for my library. It's highly readable by the layperson and filled with tremendous insight on Jesus and his teachings from a Middle Eastern perspective. It is a commentary, but without being academic and unreadable like many commentaries: each chapter covers the text, some comments and meditations on the text, and then a summary of take away points. I found it very practical to use in my bible study and devotional time. Great for di...more

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Dec 31, 2010 Shorel Kleinert rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: kindle

Like "Sitting at the Feet of Rabbi Jesus" this book tries to look at Jesus in the light of middle eastern culture. A bit dry/academic at times, but still fascinating.

"Our Christmas creche sets remain as they are because "ox and ass before him bow, / for he is in the manger now." But that manger was in a warm and friendly home, not in a cold and lonely stable. Looking at the story in this light strips away layers of interpretive mythology that have built up around it. Jesus was born in a simple...more

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Sep 11, 2009 Tim rated it 4 of 5 stars

A book the benefits of which have been perhaps oversold (I'm reading Luke commentaries now and it seems Bailey overstates the newness of his insights to western eyes), but which does provide some new cultural framework for Jesus and his times. Unfortunately, I read his discussion of the parable of the unjust manager first and found it unconvincingly removed from the context of subsequent verses about money. That slowed my reading at first, but, Bailey on rhetorical form and especially his sectio...more

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Nov 10, 2011 Sarah rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: religious

This is the book I've been searching for my whole life. It is basically a commentary on the gospels through the lens of Middle Eastern culture, and it is by far the best commentary I have read.

I've always been a bit unsettled by Americanized biblical analysis and have longed for something that focused less on fitting the bible into my frame of reference and more on fitting me into Jesus' frame of reference. Well this is it! Kenneth Bailey has done a masterful job of setting the scene for gospels...more

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Jan 03, 2012 Darin Stewart rated it 4 of 5 stars

This is a fascinating book. Bailey places many of the stories about the life and teachings of Jesus in a middle-eastern context. In most cases this provides a new minor or subtle insight. In a few chapters, such as the story of the nativity, it completely changes the meaning of the narrative. As a friend commented on Christmas eve after reading the first Chapter, "you get a completely different sermon after reading the Christmas story this way." Many of the chapters have little to do with a part...more

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Jun 05, 2012 Brandon Halvorsen rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: my-personal-favorites

How do I describe this one? Worthy words escape me. Maybe delightful, delicious, amazing, awesome, astonishing, incredible, mind-blowing, blissful, joyous, enlightening...

This is a must read for all Christians! If you chose to read it, you will find yourself feasting on a scrumptious spiritual banquet! Mr. Bailey brings out important details that most Christians and many Pastors are unaware of in the West and with such important details it not only adds beautiful color to the stories we've heard...more

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Nov 11, 2011 Aaron rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: religion

While this subtitle to this book is "Cultural Studies in the Gospels," it is more accurate to consider this book to be a Scripture commentary, though with a non-traditional organization. Rather than focusing on a specific book of the Bible, instead the author focuses on 40 different stories and parables in the four Gospels, bringing both his own experience living in the Middle East and his understanding of ancient Arabic-language Biblical scholarship to bear. The results aim to shed new light on...more

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Oct 22, 2010 Steve rated it 5 of 5 stars

This may be the greatest Bible commentary ever. For those of us in the western world reading the Bible, we miss so much of its meaning because we aren't from the middle eastern culture. The author is, and uses his knowledge to enhance and explain scripture in ways that were obvious to Jesus' followers, but hidden to us.

In fact, for those who have never read the Bible, I would recommend reading this first, then the Bible. Doing that would make the Bible so much easier to understand, and would br...more

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Oct 25, 2012 David Carraway rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: biblical-studies

A great book as regards the cultural insights provided by Bailey. He really helps you to see the contexts of Yeshua's teachings and life in general as they should be seen, from a Middle Easterners eyes.

I liked how he showed the correlations between Yeshua's teachings and the prophets since it is clearly stated throughout the Second Testament that Yeshua, and the Apostles taught nothing but what was stated in the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms.

I could have done without him breaking every sect...more

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Apr 15, 2012 Jeff McCormack rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: nt-studies, read-2012

A very well written book that delves into the cultural surroundings and understandings of things during Jesus' days. It provides many great insights and adds such depth to many scriptures and stories that we "Greek minded" readers would gloss right over. Not for the light reader, as it is small print,many pages, and lots of information. The student of theology and cultural history will find it a gem most likely.

While it is rather interesting to note the writing style and way that stories were wr...more A very well written book that delves into the cultural surroundings and understandings of things during Jesus' days. It provides many great insights and adds such depth to many scriptures and stories that we "Greek minded" readers would gloss right over. Not for the light reader, as it is small print,many pages, and lots of information. The student of theology and cultural history will find it a gem most likely.

While it is rather interesting to note the writing style and way that stories were written in a specific pattern, it got pointed out so often that it became a bit tedious; but still interesting just how predominant it is in their style of writing.

The first part of the book started with a real attention grabber, revealing based on cultural understandings, that the birth of Jesus was not in a barn as we always picture it. I knew from that point that this book would offer much more depth to the biblical stories, and it sure did.

Section two is on the Beatitudes, section three on the Lord's prayer, section four deals with the dramatic actions of Jesus, and were all very interesting and insightful, but it got even more interesting in section five, dealing with Jesus and Women. I admit that he said some thing in this section about women that make me wonder how he would put what Jesus said up against what Paul later said. Of course I own Bailey's follow up book, entitled Paul Through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural Studies in 1 Corinthians, which will reveal the answer (I assume) - once I get around to getting in to it.

It was the final section, six, on the parables that I was most captivated. The insight behind how those hearing the stories would have understood them, often shed new light and understanding on them which was intriguing.

Though I admit, at times, he tends to try to pull too much out of thing, but it is not so much that it got too annoying. Assuming things from silence could have been left out and the work would not have lost anything; but again, it wasn't so much that it was distracting - just noticeable.

Overall a good study and recommended for people who want a little more than a surface level Westerner view of things.(less)

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Feb 16, 2012 Becky added it

I'm not giving this a star rating because it wouldn't be fair; I didn't read the whole book. I got bogged down and skipped some sections. The first section, covering American misconceptions about the Christmas story, was fantastic. Some of the subsequent material seemed less so. The criticism a friend gives of Bailey's work is that it's too parochial; he doesn't necessarily see that the gospel stories can be just as easily applicable universally whether you understand Middle Eastern culture or n...more

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Jul 29, 2011 Adam rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: biblical-commentary, new-testament

While not a page turner, Bailey's book is nevertheless brilliant. He spent forty years living and teaching in Egypt, Lebanon, Jerusalem and Cyprus and has extensive knowledge in Semitic languages and the culture of the Middle East. Bailey offers insights into the gospel narratives, parables, and culture that are incredibly insightful. He opens up a whole world of historical eastern interpretation by referencing ancient commentaries written in Arabic. This book is a valuable addition to only one...more

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Jan 29, 2012 Michael rated it 5 of 5 stars

This book did a great job of unpacking the writings in the Bible surrounding Jesus' arrival on Earth as well as His parables. The author himself is middle-Eastern and is able to read middle-Eastern languages in which many documents relevant to that time period were written, so he is able to provide a lot of historical and cultural context that illuminates subtle points of the Bible that an unaided English reader would understand less fully.

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Jan 13, 2013 Naum rated it 4 of 5 stars

Most of this material is 5 star quality -- the early chapters on the historical setting of the Jesus birth, the middle chapters on the Beatitudes and women disciples of Jesus and radical, anti-religious-establishment nature of Jesus that becomes even more stark when viewed through "Middle Eastern Eyes" is pure gold. In the last part of the book, Bailey devotes a number of chapters on the Parables and here, the text falls short, as it struck me that he was shoehorning these into the theme of the...more

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Aug 06, 2012 Tyler Nice rated it 5 of 5 stars

I reference this book more frequently than any other book when writing messages for church. Bailey adds so much to the familiar Bible stories that most Westerners would miss because we are so far removed from the Middle Eastern culture and history. I liked this much more than some of his other works. This book is highly accessible to a lay person and enriches the Bible in really powerful ways.

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May 25, 2011 Patrick Todoroff rated it 5 of 5 stars

One of the finest aids you can have for New Testament study. Written by a long-term resident and university professor, the book provides critical context and perspective on M.E. culture, language, and history. I know that's generic praise for study books, but this is the real deal. Worth every cent.

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Dec 02, 2012 Sheridan Voysey rated it 4 of 5 stars

This is very useful book. As it's a collection of articles and talks it does sometimes feels a little disjointed and incomplete, but it contains some wonderful corrective insights on our reading of Scripture through the middle eastern worldview - the original worldview of the biblical writers.

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Dec 01, 2012 James rated it 5 of 5 stars

This was my standout read for 2012! I loved Bailey's local knowledge of the Middle East and opening new layers of truth and beauty in the gospels. Wonderfully rich resource. It felt like sitting under the pulpit of a gifted orator each chpt.

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Apr 11, 2013 Jason rated it 5 of 5 stars

This is an amazing book. Dr. Bailey takes many parts of the bible and explores them through Middle Eastern eyes. His insights are profound and will make you change the way you think about some of the most familiar stories and parables in the New Testament. This is a very readable book. This book will appeal to anyone who wants to learn more about the stories of the New Testament. Even if you're not a Christian you will learn from this book.

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Dec 29, 2011 Jacob rated it 4 of 5 stars

Overall I really enjoyed this book. I learned a lot and enjoyed the style and approach of Bailey. Definitely interested in reading some of his other works. The only reason for not giving it a five is that it isn't what I thought it was about - it was much more literary and academic. Still a great read.

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Jan 22, 2013 Sara rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: imaginary-library, read-nonfiction

I know that it is only January 22nd, but this book is my favorite read of the year yet. It was simple to read and struck home with me in nearly every chapter.

More books like this, please!!

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Apr 25, 2012 Emily rated it 4 of 5 stars

This book was so awesome! It's totally up my alley in terms of being a book for language dorks, but it clarified so many things that I've felt uncomfortable with about various stories/scenarios in the Bible because it explored the cultural aspects of scripture. I raced through the beginning, fascinated at his approach, and as it went on it felt a little drier, but there were still some great chapters toward the end. I am so glad I was introduced to this book!

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About Kenneth E. Bailey

After undergraduate and seminary studies, Dr. Bailey completed degrees in Arabic Language and Literature, Systematic Theology and a doctorate in New Testament. Ordained by the Presbyterian Church (USA), Dr. Bailey spent 40 years (1955-1995) living and teaching in seminaries and institutes in Egypt, Lebanon, Jerusalem and Cyprus.

For 20 of those years Dr. Bailey was Professor of New Testament and He...more After undergraduate and seminary studies, Dr. Bailey completed degrees in Arabic Language and Literature, Systematic Theology and a doctorate in New Testament. Ordained by the Presbyterian Church (USA), Dr. Bailey spent 40 years (1955-1995) living and teaching in seminaries and institutes in Egypt, Lebanon, Jerusalem and Cyprus.

For 20 of those years Dr. Bailey was Professor of New Testament and Head of the Biblical Department of the Near East School of Theology in Beirut where he also founded and directed the Institute for Middle Eastern New Testament Studies. From September 1985 to June 1995, Dr. Bailey was on the faculty of "The Ecumenical Institute for Theological Research" in Jerusalem, with the title of Research Professor of Middle Eastern New Testament Studies.

In 1990 Dr. Bailey accepted the additional responsibility of Canon Theologian for the Episcopal Diocese of Cyprus and the Gulf, residing in Nicosia, Cyprus and returned a third of each year to Jerusalem to continue teaching at the Ecumenical Institute.

Dr. Bailey's area of specialty is the cultural background and literary forms of the New Testament. In addition to more than 150 articles in English and in Arabic, his writings include:

Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes (Downer’s Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2008)
“Open Hearts in Bethlehem (A Christmas Musical)” (Louisville: W/JK, 2005)
The Cross and the Prodigal [Revised edition] (Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005)
Jacob and the Prodigal: How Jesus Retold Israel’s Story (Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003 )
Finding the Lost: Cultural Keys to Luke 15 (St. Louis: Concordia, 1992)
Poet and Peasant and Through Peasant Eyes (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, l980)
God Is ... Dialogues on the Nature of God [Revised Edition] (Toronto: FFM, 2005)

Dr. Bailey has authored the scripts for two professionally produced feature length films and has also professionally recorded more than 100 video lectures on a variety of New Testament themes. He has taught at Columbia and Princeton and was for a time an adjunct professor at Dubuque, McCormick and Pittsburgh theological seminaries as well as at Fuller Seminary. Dr. Bailey has lectured in theological colleges and seminaries in England (Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol) Ireland, Canada, Egypt, Finland, Latvia, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia and Jerusalem. He is active as a Bible teacher for conferences and continuing education events in the Middle East, Europe and North America. His writings have been translated and published into more than 20 languages. He is a member of Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas and is listed in Who's Who in Biblical Studies and Archeology (Washington: Biblical Archeology Society, 1992). In March 1995, at the request of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Bailey was the Bible teacher for the triennial meeting of the Archbishops of the Anglican Communion. In 1999 he received the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary “Distinguished Alumni Award for Excellence in Academics.” In 2003, at the invitation of the Archbishop of Canterbury, he participated in a Muslim-Christian dialogue conference held in Doha, Qatar.

The Baileys now reside in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania. Dr. Bailey continues his ministry of lecturing, writing and recording in the field of New Testament. In June 1997, he was installed as Canon Theologian of the Diocese of Pittsburgh of the Episcopal Church, USA.

Mrs. Ethel Bailey was a research assistant to Dr. Jonas Salk at the time he discovered the polio vaccine. She taught microbiology (in Arabic), raised a family, and typed a number of Dr. Bailey's manuscripts. In Beirut she was the recording secretary for the board of the American Community School. While in Jerusalem she was active in the leadership of daily worship at the Tantur Ecumenical Institute and in various other aspects of the life of the community. The Baileys have two children. (less)

More about Kenneth E. Bailey...

Books by Kenneth E. Bailey

Poet & Peasant and Through Peasant Eyes: A Literary-Cultural Approach to the Parables in Luke

Paul Through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural Studies in 1 Corinthians

The Cross & the Prodigal: Luke 15 Through the Eyes of Middle Eastern Peasants

Finding the Lost: Culture Keys to Luke 15

Jacob & the Prodigal: How Jesus Retold Israel's Story

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