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Awakenings

by Oliver Sacks (Goodreads Author)

4.05 of 5 stars 4.05 · rating details · 3,718 ratings · 126 reviews

Awakenings--which inspired the major motion picture--is the remarkable story of a group of patients who contracted sleeping-sickness during the great epidemic just after World War I. Frozen for decades in a trance-like state, these men and women were given up as hopeless until 1969, when Dr. Oliver Sacks gave them the then-new drug L-DOPA, which had an astonishing, explosi...more

Paperback, 464 pages

Published October 5th 1999 by Vintage (first published 1973)

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Dec 25, 2012 William rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: 20-ce, medicine, nonfiction, us, case-studies, science, mental-illness

The crux of the book is the work Sacks began in the mid-1960s with dozens of post-encephalitic patients at Bronx's Beth Abraham hospital, then called the Bronx Home for Incurables and disguised here as Mount Carmel. These patients were infected in 1918 by the encephalitis lethargica virus, or sleepy sickness. (Not to be confused with the worldwide influenza pandemic of that same year.) Those who survived were able afterwards to lead normal lives for years and sometimes decades until they were st...more The crux of the book is the work Sacks began in the mid-1960s with dozens of post-encephalitic patients at Bronx's Beth Abraham hospital, then called the Bronx Home for Incurables and disguised here as Mount Carmel. These patients were infected in 1918 by the encephalitis lethargica virus, or sleepy sickness. (Not to be confused with the worldwide influenza pandemic of that same year.) Those who survived were able afterwards to lead normal lives for years and sometimes decades until they were stricken with Parkinson's disease-like symptoms: locked and rigid postures that turned them into living statuary (akinesia), hurrying gait (festination), frozen skewed gaze (oculogyyric crises), and so on. These patients did not have Parkinson's disease proper, but because the encephalitis reduced the neurotransmitter dopamine in the part of their brain known as the substantia nigra they experienced identical, if somewhat more severe symptoms than actual Parkinson's patients. They were to become know as post-encephalitics.

In 1969 L-DOPA's cost came down sufficiently in price that Dr. Sacks began to prescribe it for his post-encephalitic patients. The results were at once miraculous and disastrous. In a matter of weeks, sometimes overnight, Sacks's patients were "awakened" from what for many had been decades of immobility, incommunicability, and dependence on high levels of nursing care. Suddenly these frozen figures were walking and talking, their personalities, in hiatus for so long, perfectly preserved. Dr. Sacks reviews the cases here of 20 such patients, from their often sudden awakening to the onset and growing severity of side effects. Awakenings is in the final analysis a tragedy. Few of Sacks patients could tolerate the long term effects of L-DOPA. Not a few regretted ever being treated with it. For a handful it provided a vastly improved quality of life. They became social again, needed far less nursing care, but the effects of the drug were highly unstable.

In an appendix added to the 1990 edition, Sacks and a colleague analyze patient responses to L-DOPA using the then emerging discipline of chaos theory. This appears only in the 1990 edition since the discipline did not exist when Sacks and his patients began their trials of the levodopa in '69. Dr. Sacks never met a footnote he didn't love. The book is chockful of them. Those too long to fit alongside the text are included as appendices. Ninety-five percent of them seem to me indispensable. Sacks is a great thinker of immense erudition who possesses a highly readable prose style. The primary text provides straightforward exposition, but when read in conjunction with the footnotes--where much of the real meat of the book resides--it can at times take on an almost fiction-like discursiveness.

Of Sacks's dozen or so books, I've read all but three. Awakenings is his magnum opus, his manifesto and policy declaration. In it he lays out his positions on the then current neurology of the day (Awakenings was first published in 1973) which he lambastes as coldly empirical and lacking a complementary metaphysical component. In America, and no doubt much of the West, these were the last years of the Physician as God. There was little public knowledge of medicine then, unlike today, and the doctor's role in a crisis was usually unquestioned. Today second opinions are sought with regularity, "integrative" approaches to healing more readily embraced, and there is a vast industry based on purveying medical knowledge to the general public. You can see this great change perhaps best in the way pharmaceutical companies now advertise directly to the public in a way they never did during the Awakenings period. Sacks is here an articulate proponent for a more human, less coldly analytical medicine, and his endorsement for such an approach, which includes close interpersonal relationships with patients, is a clarion call. Fascinating, meticulous, and highly recommended.

One appendix is devoted to the many dramatizations of Awakenings on stage and screen. There's Harold Pinter's one-act play "A Kind of Alaska," an original documentary film, and the feature film, which retained Sacks as a consultant. I found his descriptions here of DeNiro preparing for his role as Leonard L. fascinating.(less)

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Feb 18, 2012 Megan rated it 5 of 5 stars

Reading this makes me wish all doctors approached medical practice the way Dr. Sacks does. His clinical grasp of neurology is impressive, but his humanity, compassion, and philosophical approach lend him a more effective manner than other clinicians. His ability to present the conditions of his patients and their treatment as more than either/or, as more than a list of data points, is what makes this book a classic. A basic familiarity with neurology makes this an easier read; he uses a lot of m...more

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Jul 25, 2008 Charlie rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: non-fiction

This is the astonishing true story of a group of people aflicted with a severe 'sleeping' sickness who were awakened for a while by a drug called L Dopa. It is full of personal moments of extreem grief and happiness and wonder. It is a story of clinical experimentation and individual care and understanding.

A very good film of it has also been made with Robin Williams as Oliver Sacks. I think, as usual, the book is better than the film, but the film gives a good feel for the story line if not act...more

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Apr 08, 2013 Maurinejt rated it 3 of 5 stars

3.5

I had a hard time rating this book. This isn't a book, per se, not what I think about books; it's more a dissection of human pain in literary form. The people described here are the aging survivors of an unimaginably horrible plague. After months of illness they managed to live through it, only to be reduced to living cocoons of people in the weeks or years that followed. Forty years later, they are unable to walk, move, think or communicate (in varying degrees). A miracle drug is discovered...more 3.5

I had a hard time rating this book. This isn't a book, per se, not what I think about books; it's more a dissection of human pain in literary form. The people described here are the aging survivors of an unimaginably horrible plague. After months of illness they managed to live through it, only to be reduced to living cocoons of people in the weeks or years that followed. Forty years later, they are unable to walk, move, think or communicate (in varying degrees). A miracle drug is discovered that "awakens" them back to the individuals they were. But it doesn't last, and there is often a terrible, terrible price.

This isn't one of those books where I have to look up my review to remember that I read it. It will be with me a long time. It made me reevaluate everything I know about disease, and the disease itself--encephalitis lethargica--and ramifications seemed so science fiction that I had to keep reminding myself that it wasn't. Our mystery modern diseases: cancer, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, MS...are largely blamed on genetics these days. But what if they aren't? What if they are actually the product of something else, an environmental anomaly, a childhood ailment? We don't understand scarlet fever blindness anymore; we live in a world where people get better. Completely better with nothing to show we were ever sick.

Leonardo Da Vinci kept tinkering with the Mona Lisa to the end of his life. It was his great work, and he knew it. Likewise, Awakenings is Oliver Sacks magnum opus. Unfortunately, it suffers from overwork. It was a good thing he explained the revisions at the preface to the new edition or I would have been lost. And I respect the fact that Dr. Sacks is of the opinion that what was written is definitive and will not be changed. Normally I agree. But in this case there were so many footnotes, extra chapters, essays and additions that it was actually hard to follow. And there was a great deal of repetition--or outright contradiction as Sacks changed his mind about certain aspects as the decades passed and he had more experience. The book reminded me of an old city, where the center is laid out perfectly for the needs of medieval commerce, but then it gets too crowded and buildings are constructed wherever, and eventually cars are introduced and the whole thing turns into a gridlocked mess.

This is a must read for neurologists, or those interested in neurology. And there is valuable insight in all sections of the book--including the endless footnotes--but some skimming is forgivable.

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Oct 17, 2012 C P rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Movement and Sleep in Parkinsonians

The idea that our bodies and minds are totally separate in their functioning and existence is a rather simplistic and erroneous view. The two are connected in several uncanny ways and influence the functioning of each other very profoundly. The object of this paper’s study is the book Awakenings by Oliver Sacks. We will concern ourselves with the way the biological and psychological processes of movement which correlate with Parkinson’s general symptoms. Our...more

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Mar 16, 2012 Minsma rated it 5 of 5 stars

This is a true story about people who became prisoners of their own brains, their own brain chemistry. Just after World War I an epidemic of sleeping sickness froze these patients in a trance-like state. Long thought to be untreatable, they were suddenly brought back to life in 1969 when Dr. Oliver Sacks gave them the drug L-DOPA. They woke to a world that had changed utterly in the intervening years. Some of them were able to adjust, some could not deal with the changes in the world and in them...more

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Feb 06, 2013 Carol rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

I have enjoyed other books that I have read by Oliver Sacks. I find him a very bright and energetic neurologist who has led a most productive life. Awakenings was first written in 1972 and has had numerous editions with the last in 1990 which is the one I read. This book offered several views as much happened in the clinical treatment and evolving scientific knowledge of encephalitis lethargica (known as sleeping sickness) during its epidemic in the 1920-40's with only a few of the patients stil...more

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Oct 02, 2011 Simon rated it 4 of 5 stars

More engrossing than the fact that Dr. Oliver Sacks' 'extinct volcanoes' (post-encephalitic patients) 'awoke' after having received L-Dopa are the reports of how these patients coped with their individual "eruptions." Despite having their 'higher faculties' (intelligence, judgment, humor) undisturbed by their crippling illnesses, most patients emerged gloriously from years of 'Sleeping Sickness' only to relapse - forcing either a troublesome accommodation to 'side effects' or a complete pre-dopa...more

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Aug 18, 2012 Lyn Elliott rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: science

This was the first of Sacks's books I read, and I had never read anything like it. The discovery that a chemical could bring 'frozen' people to consciousness again after an apparent sleep of years, was mind blowing to read about - and literally mind blowing for some of those who emerged for a time from the effects of their meningitis and then sank out of consciousness again. Sacks recorded the process as a scientist, and a man who is deeply concerned about the human condition and for his patient...more

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Sep 15, 2010 Kenneth Rathburn rated it 5 of 5 stars

Oliver Sacks' book about a group of mental patients who undergo an experiment goes through a wide variety of emotions, all of which contribute feeling and power to one of the greatest stories I've ever had the pleasure of reading. What we're provided is a tale that begins with mild interest, shortly becomes heart-warming and, before long, entrancing before the last chapters conclude a read that's just too great to spoil. This is one of those few books that honestly made me look at life and the p...more

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May 13, 2009 Jack rated it 3 of 5 stars

Starts out with a long and interesting forward. This is the famous story of the sleeping sickness patients (suffering from severe Parkinsonian symptoms)helped by the drug L-dopa, given by Dr. Sacks to patients at Mt. Carmel Hospital in New York City, beginning in 1969. Although this book is fairly dense with neurological and philosophical vocabulary, Mr. Sacks' human warmth and scientific passion comes through loud and clear. For those of us that are not neurologists, though, the movie (with R....more

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Apr 13, 2010 Mary rated it 4 of 5 stars

I really liked this book. The language was a little too technical for me, but I liked telling my family about the amazing transformations of the patients.

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Mar 15, 2010 Conor rated it 3 of 5 stars

I found this books to be kind of terrifying, mostly because I've seen relatives after strokes who had something like the kind of loss of self control and self knowledge that some of the patients in this book have.

Beyond that, I would have given this book four stars, but I found Sack's "Perspectives" part to be a bit over the top. Such a terrible amount of name dropping is distracting to the reader. Especially odd was the Shakespeare referencing and the long line of Germans - Goethe, Schopenhauer...more

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Nov 13, 2009 Melissa rated it 2 of 5 stars

I have really enjoyed Sacks' other books because they address neuroscience and behavior in a way that is still accessible and sometimes amusing. I expected the same from Awakenings but I was disappointed by the tedious and dense, medical jargon filled language. The case studies were interesting but laced with footnotes that often digressed into rather philosophical page-long quandaries and lots of italicized phrases that did nothing to clarify the meaning for me. I know it is heresy to say so on...more

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Oct 03, 2011 Agatha Diaz rated it 2 of 5 stars

Starts out with a very long prologue and introduction, full of medical jargon. The middle part of the book introduces several case studies of patients inflicted with the "sleeping sickness". Some of these patients' stories are interesting, but gets tiresome as the results are generally the same: the patient is paralyzed with the sleeping sickness, patient is given L-Dopa and "awakens", patient experiences side effects so awful that L-Dopa is discontinued, patient goes back to their initial state...more

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Jul 19, 2009 Deb rated it 2 of 5 stars

i remember reading this years ago but i don't remember it making me SOOO angry....i know L-Dopa helped a lot of people but it seems to me that in those early days the doasge was established almost randomly and people suffered unnecessarily...and as for oliver sacks' attitude towards some of the cases he treated - it was so callous!! and he seems surprised when people felt better when they had had a glorious day outside...who wouldn't feel crap stuck in an institution for 20 years or more...grrr!...more

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Nov 05, 2012 Kara rated it 3 of 5 stars

I enjoyed the main portion of this book, the details about the case histories of these "awakened" patients and their lives living through it. I appreciated the truth of it, especially compared to the movie, which of course has to dramatize, shorten, and romanticize their stories. Not to say the movie was bad, because it literally rends my heart every time I see it, but it was good to know the real stories. I also enjoyed reading the bit in the appendices about the process of making the movie and...more

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Jan 02, 2009 Abbi rated it 5 of 5 stars

Favorite tidbits:

A third of those affected died in the acute stages of the sleeping-sickness, in states of coma so deep as to preclude arousal, or in states of sleeplessness so intense as to preclude sedation...One thing, and one alone was (usually) spared amid the ravages of this otherwise engulfing disease: the “higher faculties” – intelligence, imagination, judgment, and humor.

As sickness is the greatest misery, so the greatest misery of sickness is solitude...solitude is a torment which is n...more

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Oct 05, 2012 Ginny rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: riletti, dal-film-al-libro

Molto bello, nonostante si tratti in sostanza più di un saggio medico che di un’opera animata da chiari intenti letterari.
La vicenda è nota: un gruppo di persone colpite da encefalite letargica esce dal torpore provocato dalla malattia e durato oltre quarant’anni, grazie alla somministrazione di L-dopa.
Come sempre negli scritti di Sacks, tuttavia, l’interesse scientifico per la patologia è intimamente connesso con l’attenzione ed il rispetto per l’individualità del paziente, considerato nella s...more

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Jun 06, 2008 Tanya rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: health, memoirs, science

After having read another Oliver Sacks book, I picked this up just because I enjoyed the 1990 movie with Robin Williams and Robert De Niro. This turned out to be an amazing story. The book is about Dr. Sacks's actual experiences with a new drug and several dozen patients suffering from post-encephelatic lethargica, a form of Parkinsons. Unlike Dr. Sayer in the movie, Dr. Sacks encountered a wide variety of responses to the drug, L-dopa. In fact, every patient's response was unique although most...more

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Nov 01, 2011 Jana rated it 4 of 5 stars Recommends it for: Folks with medical vocabulary or medical dictionary

So I am a psych nurse and I really enjoyed this book. However, it is written in the medical vocabulary of a physician and reads like medical notes. I am not sure if non-medical folks would enjoy it as much as I did. I suggested to my daughter that she skip to the case studies... the dr. reviews the course of care for each patient from beginning to end... but very little interaction of the whole unit is shown as in the movie.

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May 07, 2009 Steph rated it 5 of 5 stars

Way, way better than the movie (although I must admit DeNiro does an absolutely fantastic job). The number of footnotes can be difficult to get through, but if you really want a great understanding of the "sleeping-sickness" that masks itself as Parkisonism, please read this book. Sacks is a great writer, although his prose can sometimes be overly medical (*hint: it would be a good idea to have some background knowledge of the brain and/or parkison's disease symptoms). The beauty of his words in...more

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Aug 02, 2012 Jennifer rated it 3 of 5 stars

The only thing I have to whine about in this book is the endless footnotes. Sacks got a little carried away! Because of these endless footnotes, I wasn't able to really get going and read the book. I made it thru the introduction and will someday read the rest of it. If you were to read a book by Sacks, I recommend not starting with this one. But if you have time and patience to get through the footnotes, go ahead.

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May 26, 2010 Elizabeth marked it as to-read

Comments before reading: I have been putting this book off for some reason. It seems like it would be interesting. I enjoy the cases of odd psychological disorders so this book should be right up my alley. I started reading this book last week a little. It's like a textbook case so I wonder if the Dr wrote the book from his case study. I have a feeling it will take me a little bit to read this book as I'll have to reference some of the information.

I have to put this book away for a little bit. I...more

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Feb 16, 2013 Caroline rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: nonfiction

Read this book in the same Biology of the Brain class at Iowa. I was very moved by the stories of the patient that Sacks treated as well as the journey that Sacks underwent as he treated them. His compassion is so wonderfully uplifting as is his curiosity, his pursuit of the workings of the human brain, and possibilities that exist in all of us.

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Feb 04, 2009 K rated it 2 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: will-never-finish

The first 1/2 of the book was very interesting (the case histories), but he lost me when he started going into the medical and metephisical details. To me, that's where it lost its human aspect, and I didn't even want to read the "updates". Very disappointing for me, since there are very very few books I don't insist on finishing.

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Sep 14, 2010 Victoria is currently reading it

I have stared at this book in bookshops for so many years now. It's really fantastic, and despite some of the medical language an easy read. The portrayal of each patient gives you an insight into their daily struggle to retain their identity as a human being and also makes you really grateful to be in good health!

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Nov 18, 2010 Alexis rated it 3 of 5 stars

How I love Oliver Sacks! I must say that though the subject matter was extremely interesting, post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, the case reports got mildly tedious. Definitely worth a read though, if one is at all interested in neurologic disorders--or has seen the movie of the same title:)

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Jul 19, 2011 Lisa rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: non-fiction, science

An excellent account of the use of L-dopa on encephalitic patients in the 1960s. Descriptions of individual patients take up most of the book, but philosophical and ethical musings from Oliver Sacks compliment the stories well.

At times I felt it dragged on, but overall enjoyable.

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Jan 12, 2010 Sarah Hexberg rated it 4 of 5 stars

Interesting read; Dr. Sacks appears to be a strong believer in the human part of the medical equation. He consistently noted the impact on patients of interpersonal relationships and interaction with the outside world.

The book made me a little scared of developing Parkinson's, though.

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About Oliver Sacks

Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE (born July 9, 1933, London), is a British neurologist residing in the United States, who has written popular books about his patients, the most famous of which is Awakenings, which was adapted into a film of the same name starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro.

Sacks was the youngest of four children born to a prosperous North London Jewish couple: Sam, a physician, and E...more Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE (born July 9, 1933, London), is a British neurologist residing in the United States, who has written popular books about his patients, the most famous of which is Awakenings, which was adapted into a film of the same name starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro.

Sacks was the youngest of four children born to a prosperous North London Jewish couple: Sam, a physician, and Elsie, a surgeon. When he was six years old, he and his brother were evacuated from London to escape The Blitz, retreating to a boarding school in the Midlands, where he remained until 1943. During his youth, he was a keen amateur chemist, as recalled in his memoir Uncle Tungsten. He also learned to share his parents' enthusiasm for medicine and entered The Queen's College, Oxford University in 1951, from which he received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in physiology and biology in 1954. At the same institution, he went on to earn in 1958, a Master of Arts (MA) and an MB ChB in chemistry, thereby qualifying to practice medicine.

After converting his British qualifications to American recognition (i.e., an MD as opposed to MB ChB), Sacks moved to New York, where he has lived since 1965, and taken twice weekly therapy sessions since 1966.

Sacks began consulting at chronic care facility Beth Abraham Hospital (now Beth Abraham Health Service) in 1966. At Beth Abraham, Sacks worked with a group of survivors of the 1920s sleeping sickness, encephalitis lethargica, who had been unable to move on their own for decades. These patients and his treatment of them were the basis of Sacks' book Awakenings.

His work at Beth Abraham helped provide the foundation on which the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function (IMNF), where Sacks is currently an honorary medical advisor, is built. In 2000, IMNF honored Sacks, its founder, with its first Music Has Power Award. The IMNF again bestowed a Music Has Power Award on Sacks in 2006 to commemorate "his 40 years at Beth Abraham and honor his outstanding contributions in support of music therapy and the effect of music on the human brain and mind".

Sacks was formerly employed as a clinical professor of neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and at the New York University School of Medicine, serving the latter school for 42 years. On 1 July 2007, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons appointed Sacks to a position as professor of clinical neurology and clinical psychiatry, at the same time opening to him a new position as "artist", which the university hoped will help interconnect disciplines such as medicine, law, and economics. Sacks remains a consultant neurologist to the Little Sisters of the Poor, and maintains a practice in New York City.

Since 1996, Sacks is a member of The American Academy of Arts and Letters (Literature). In 1999, Sacks became a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences. Also in 1999, he became an Honorary Fellow at The Queen's College, Oxford. In 2002, he became Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Class IV—Humanities and Arts, Section 4—Literature).[38] and he was awarded the 2001 Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University. Sacks has been awarded honorary doctorates from the College of Staten Island (1991), Tufts University (1991), New York Medical College (1991), Georgetown University (1992), Medical College of Pennsylvania (1992), Bard College (1992), Queen's University (Ontario) (2001), Gallaudet University (2005), University of Oxford (2005), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (2006). He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours. Asteroid 84928 Oliversacks, discovered in 2003 and 2 miles (3.2 km) in diameter, has been named in his honor.
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