false 124481 1 Open source software is considered by many to be a novelty and the open source movement a revolution. Yet the collaborative creation of knowledge has gone on for as long as humans have been able to communicate. CODE looks at the collaborative model of creativity -- with examples ranging from collective ownership in indigenous societies to free software, academic science, and the human genome project -- and finds it an alternative to proprietary frameworks for creativity based on strong intellectual property rights.<br /> <br /> Intellectual property rights, argues Rishab Ghosh in his introduction, were ostensibly developed to increase creativity; but today, policy decisions that treat knowledge and art as if they were physical forms of property actually threaten to decrease creativity, limit public access to creativity, and discourage collaborative creativity. "Newton should have had to pay a license fee before being allowed even to see how tall the 'shoulders of giants' were, let alone to stand upon them," he writes.<br /> <br /> The contributors to CODE, from such diverse fields as economics, anthropology, law, and software development, examine collaborative creativity from a variety of perspectives, looking at new and old forms of creative collaboration and the mechanisms emerging to study them. Discussing the philosophically resonant issues of ownership, property, and the commons, they ask if the increasing application of the language of property rights to knowledge and creativity constitutes a second enclosure movement -- or if the worldwide acclaim for free software signifies a renaissance of the commons. Two concluding chapters offer concrete possibilities for both alternatives, with one proposing the establishment of "positive intellectual rights" to information and another issuing a warning against the threats to networked knowledge posed by globalization. 119875 1 10 2006 CODE: Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy (Leonardo Books) total:1|4:1| 1 4 5 1 4 0 false false Sun Oct 01 00:00:00 -0700 2006 Sun Feb 18 23:59:59 -0800 2007 Mon Feb 19 00:00:56 -0800 2007 0 0 false false Wed Aug 05 04:39:57 -0700 2009 Tue Oct 27 17:52:07 -0700 2009 0 0 false false Tue Jan 06 20:10:48 -0800 2009 Tue Jan 06 20:10:48 -0800 2009 0 0 false false Wed May 28 17:15:37 -0700 2008 Wed May 28 17:15:37 -0700 2008 0 0 false false Thu Jul 03 10:42:11 -0700 2008 Tue Apr 15 08:37:10 -0700 2008 Thu Jul 03 10:42:11 -0700 2008