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<book id="1140080">
  <title><![CDATA[Trying Leviathan: The Nineteenth-Century New York Court Case That Put the Whale on Trial and Challenged the Order of Nature]]></title>
  <isbn><![CDATA[0691129509]]></isbn>
  <isbn13><![CDATA[9780691129501]]></isbn13>
    <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1181339669m/1140080.jpg</image_url>
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  <best_book_id type="integer">1140080</best_book_id>
  <books_count type="integer">1</books_count>
  <default_description>&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;Moby-Dick&lt;/i&gt;, Ishmael declares, &quot;Be it known that, waiving all argument, I take the good old fashioned ground that a whale is a fish, and call upon holy Jonah to back me.&quot; Few readers today know just how much argument Ishmael is waiving aside. In fact, Melville's antihero here takes sides in one of the great controversies of the early nineteenth century--one that ultimately had to be resolved in the courts of New York City. In &lt;i&gt;Trying Leviathan&lt;/i&gt;, D. Graham Burnett recovers the strange story of Maurice v. Judd, an 1818 trial that pitted the new sciences of taxonomy against the then-popular--and biblically sanctioned--view that the whale was a fish. The immediate dispute was mundane: whether whale oil was fish oil and therefore subject to state inspection. But the trial fueled a sensational public debate in which nothing less than the order of nature--and how we know it--was at stake. Burnett vividly re-creates the trial, during which a parade of experts--pea-coated whalemen, pompous philosophers, Jacobin lawyers--took the witness stand, brandishing books, drawings, and anatomical reports, and telling tall tales from whaling voyages. Falling in the middle of the century between Linnaeus and Darwin, the trial dramatized a revolutionary period that saw radical transformations in the understanding of the natural world. Out went comfortable biblical categories, and in came new sorting methods based on the minutiae of interior anatomy--and louche details about the sexual behaviors of God's creatures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; When leviathan breached in New York in 1818, this strange beast churned both the natural and social orders--and not everyone would survive.&lt;/p&gt;</default_description>
  <id type="integer">1127365</id>
  <media_type nil="true"></media_type>
  <original_language_id type="integer" nil="true"></original_language_id>
  <original_publication_day type="integer">22</original_publication_day>
  <original_publication_month type="integer">10</original_publication_month>
  <original_publication_year type="integer">2007</original_publication_year>
  <original_title>Trying Leviathan: The Nineteenth-Century New York Court Case That Put the Whale on Trial and Challenged the Order of Nature</original_title>
  <rating_dist>total:8|5:1|4:3|3:2|2:1|1:1|</rating_dist>
  <ratings_count type="integer">8</ratings_count>
  <ratings_sum type="integer">26</ratings_sum>
  <reviews_count type="integer">41</reviews_count>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">5</text_reviews_count>
</work>

  <average_rating><![CDATA[3.25]]></average_rating>
  <ratings_count><![CDATA[8]]></ratings_count>
  <text_reviews_count><![CDATA[5]]></text_reviews_count>
  <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1140080.Trying_Leviathan_The_Nineteenth_Century_New_York_Court_Case_That_Put_the_Whale_on_Trial_and_Challenged_the_Order_of_Nature]]></url>
  <authors>
        <author id="232331">
      <name><![CDATA[D. Graham Burnett]]></name>
      <role><![CDATA[]]></role>
      <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/232331.D_Graham_Burnett]]></url>
      <average_rating><![CDATA[3.41]]></average_rating>
      <ratings_count><![CDATA[74]]></ratings_count>
      <text_reviews_count><![CDATA[15]]></text_reviews_count>
    </author>
      </authors>
    <reviews start="1" end="20" total="41">
    <review id="78375819">
    <user id="1925476">
    <name><![CDATA[Donna Jo]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Olathe, KS]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/1925476-donna-jo-atwood]]></url>
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      <rating>2</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
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  <recommended_by><![CDATA[]]></recommended_by>
  <read_at>Thu Nov 19 00:00:00 -0800 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Nov 19 18:10:58 -0800 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Nov 19 18:25:21 -0800 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Except for being nonfiction, this was sort of like reading <em>Moby Dick</em>, but not quite as long.  It is the story of how the legal system in 1818 takes on the new science of taxonomy to challenge the view of the whale as fish.  Burnett looks upon the trial in great detail, examining the views of whalers...<a href="http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/78375819">more...</a>]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/78375819]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="37100263">
    <user id="35711">
    <name><![CDATA[Ellen]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Williamsburg, VA]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/35711-ellen]]></url>
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      <rating>3</rating>
  <votes>0</votes>
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  <read_at>Fri Jan 02 00:00:00 -0800 2009</read_at>
  <date_added>Fri Nov 07 05:25:46 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Jan 02 07:02:44 -0800 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I would have given this book four stars had it not been for the author's trying (ha ha) practice of inserting puns and jokes in the text. They were a little too clever, and a bit distracting.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/37100263]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="75566316">
    <user id="2872546">
    <name><![CDATA[Mary]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Seattle, WA]]></location>        
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/user/show/2872546-mary]]></url>
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      <rating>1</rating>
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  <read_at>Sat May 24 00:00:00 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Sat Oct 24 01:14:41 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Oct 24 01:14:41 -0700 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[I didn't make it through this book.]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/75566316]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="6154645">
    <user id="172552">
    <name><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Brooklyn, NY]]></location>        
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  <read_at>Thu Apr 10 07:27:45 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Thu Sep 13 11:28:27 -0700 2007</date_added>
  <date_updated>Thu Sep 13 11:28:49 -0700 2007</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[Speaking for us in January, hopefully...]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/6154645]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="16240344">
    <user id="378976">
    <name><![CDATA[Jane]]></name>
    <location><![CDATA[Austin, TX]]></location>        
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      <rating>0</rating>
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  <read_at>Sun May 11 00:00:00 -0700 2008</read_at>
  <date_added>Sun Feb 24 09:00:45 -0800 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sun May 11 09:12:39 -0700 2008</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[can't get into it]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/16240344]]></url>
</review>
    <review id="76961267">
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    <name><![CDATA[Andria]]></name>
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  <read_at></read_at>
  <date_added>Fri Nov 06 17:20:44 -0800 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Fri Nov 06 17:20:44 -0800 2009</date_updated>
  <read_count></read_count>
    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
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  <date_added>Sat Jul 25 18:21:16 -0700 2009</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Jul 25 18:21:16 -0700 2009</date_updated>
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    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
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  <date_updated>Wed Jul 08 08:16:33 -0700 2009</date_updated>
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    <name><![CDATA[Shoshi]]></name>
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  <read_at>Sun Jun 14 00:00:00 -0700 2009</read_at>
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    <name><![CDATA[Phil]]></name>
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  <date_added>Sat Oct 11 13:29:08 -0700 2008</date_added>
  <date_updated>Sat Oct 11 13:29:08 -0700 2008</date_updated>
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    <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
    <url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/review/show/35060967]]></url>
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