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The Conquest of New Spain

by Bernal Díaz del Castillo, J.M. Cohen (Translator), Bernal Diaz

4.03 · rating details · 451 ratings · 64 reviews

The defeat of the Aztecs by Hernan Cortes and his small band of adventurers is one of the most startling military feats in history. Fifty years after the event Bernal Diaz (c.1498-c.1580), who served under Cortes, wrote this magnificent account of the march from the coast, Montezuma's death, the massacre of the Spaniards and the eventual capture of the capital of Mexico.

Paperback, 416 pages

Published August 30th 1963 by Penguin Books (first published 1576)

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The Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Díaz del Castillo

A Voyage Long and Strange by Tony Horwitz

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Jan 28, 2012

Jan-Maat added it

Shelves: 16th-century, autobiography-memoir, latin-america, read-in-translation

"When we saw all those cities and villages built in the water, and other great towns on dry land, and that straight and level causeway leading to Mexico, we were astounded. These great towns and cues and buildings rising from the water all made of stone, seemed like an enchanted vision from the tale of Amadis. Indeed, some of our soldiers asked whether it was not all a dream. It is not surprising therefore that I should write in this vein. It was all so wonderful that I do not knowhow t...more"When we saw all those cities and villages built in the water, and other great towns on dry land, and that straight and level causeway leading to Mexico, we were astounded. These great towns and cues and buildings rising from the water all made of stone, seemed like an enchanted vision from the tale of Amadis. Indeed, some of our soldiers asked whether it was not all a dream. It is not surprising therefore that I should write in this vein. It was all so wonderful that I do not knowhow to describe this first glimpse of things never heard of, seen or dreamed of before." p 214.

This translation is an abbreviated version of Bernal Diaz del Castillo's account of the conquest of modern Mexico, starting from landings on the coast in Maya areas. Most of the text is taken up by the conquest of the Aztec Empire and occasionally interrupted by troubles with potential colonial rivals back on Hispaniola.

It is a breathless account of a culture clash between the Castilians with their horses, steel weapons and armour, attack dogs, artillery and firearms on the one side and rich, sophisticated world of late stone-age Mexico on the other. As a result the text overflows with details about the lifestyles and peoples the Spanish come across, fight against and work with (and they would not have succeeded without their local allies draw from the Aztec's rivals) to topple the chocolate drinking Montezuma. It's not a fine example of prose but the author's sense of wonder and amazement pulls you along through the negotiations, canoe building, town founding and inevitable hauling of artillery pieces up from the coast to the centre of the country.

The Amadis mentioned in the quote above is The Amadis of Gaul one of the favourite books of Don Quixote. In one way the actions of the conquering Spanish seem no less incredible, audacious or even insane than those of the Quixote, while in another the same spirit and dreams of great deeds of heroism and chivalry inspired them both. The only difference being that Bernal and his companions won the governorships of islands that were only ever promised to Sancho Panza.(less)

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Nov 11, 2011

Juan rated it

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Escrito por Bernal Díaz del Castillo, uno de los soldados que participó en la conquista de México, “Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España” es una excelente fuente histórica de lo que ocurrió entre 1519 y 1521 cuando Hernán Cortés, desobediendo ordenes superiores, decidió comenzar la conquista de la América continental.
El libro no es fácil de leer, es muy extenso, está escrito en español antiguo y en un estilo pobre que tiende a ser repetitivo. Sin embargo es uno de los poco...more

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Mar 18, 2011

karl rated it

This is a 2-volume English translation of Castillo’s memoirs centered on his years with Cortes’ expedition-invasion of Mexico and Mexico City in the 1519-21 period. Castillo was one of the 550 original conquistadors w/Cortes. In his later years he was an official in Guatemala. Castillo wrote his memoirs beginning in 1568 and he indicates towards the end of the book that he is one of 5 surviving original conquistadors.

The book approaches 1000 pages. It has 213 chapters. I read...more

This is a 2-volume English translation of Castillo’s memoirs centered on his years with Cortes’ expedition-invasion of Mexico and Mexico City in the 1519-21 period. Castillo was one of the 550 original conquistadors w/Cortes. In his later years he was an official in Guatemala. Castillo wrote his memoirs beginning in 1568 and he indicates towards the end of the book that he is one of 5 surviving original conquistadors.

The book approaches 1000 pages. It has 213 chapters. I read it on and off over a year on my Kindle, but must admit it was a slog to read (think of a text book). Yet it was amazingly interesting at times – especially describing battles, the way the Mayans sacrificed humans, and how driven for gold they all were. Castillo claims at the end of his book that he fought in over 100 battles. I was too exhausted to have counted, but certainly they had numerous battles with the natives. Castillo is appreciative and respectful of Cortes, but much of the book he tries to point out how important all the soldiers were to the ultimate success of their conquest. He opines they were not rewarded with sufficient land grants, areas to govern (and tax), and Indians (slaves).

I wish I had had two good maps of the relevant region when I read the book. There were so many names of rivers, mountains and towns they went through on the various campaigns that the reader is overwhelmed. One map would be a modern one, and the other from about 1540 of the same area.

The short version story of Cortes is he has been living in Cuba and Hispaniola (i.e., D.R.-Haiti) for about 15 years when he leads a large expedition to explore what is now Mexico. They land at Vera Cruz in the Yucatan. They fight with and then work together with the Mayans, who do not like the Aztecs to the West - who are rich and keep invading them. So, Cortes and most of his men along with many Indians opposed to the Aztecs march to Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) and confront Montezuma. At first all is well and the conquistadors are overwhelmed with the buildings, dikes, temples, gold. Events occur and they are forced to flee barely surviving and rush back to the Yucatan, but not before losing a lot of men and a lot of gold. A couple of years later they return with overwhelming force and take the city.

Tid bits: Generally on their campaigns they were short of food, so they had to scrounge around - beg, borrow, and steal from the natives. As part of the peace making process the natives gave gold, cloth, food, and women! The Spanish had a unique advantage with horses, which terrified and amazed the Indians. Their muskets, cannons, armored vests, steel bladed swords and steel –tipped lances also gave them an advantage. Humans sacrificed by the Indians were taken to the top of pyramid-like temples, and the native priests would pull out the beating heart to offer to the gods. The body was thrown down, and folks would grab and cook parts for dinner. There were a lot of ways to die – infections, TB, venereal disease, malaria, let alone from battles. The conquistadors were very religious – they brought their monks with them. Their goal was to baptize the Indians. They felt compelled and did share about 20% of all gold and treasures with the King of Spain. I was amazed at how litigious the conquistadors and subsequent arrivers to Mexico were over land and control of districts; and, how the Spanish crown sent many accountants and lawyers to help keep order and protect its own.
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Apr 15, 2009

Davie Mclean rated it

this is a history lesson that stays with you long after you read it. bernal diaz's first hand account as a conquistador is intense and dramatic suspence filled epic, that will leave you breathless. his vivid description of his expedition with the spanish captain cortez in the settlement and pacification of what is now Mexico is action filled extravaganza which reads like an adventure novel. ancient civilations,undiscoverd world , secret chambers of treasure, villians , heros, heroines,. conquest...more

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Dec 16, 2011

Ensiform rated it

Shelves: war, non-fiction

Translated and with an intro by J.M. Cohen (1568). Diaz was a solder who sailed to Mexico under Hernandez and Grijalva, then fought under Cortez against the Aztecs and took the city of Mexico. Then, fifty years later, he wrote a suspiciously detailed account of the expeditions and battles. This 400-page edition, with a few condensations, ends with the capture of the city.

It’s a fascinating eye-witness account, and seems to be very objective, at least for its time. Cortez is portray...more

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Jun 20, 2010

Jonah rated it

While affected by cultural bias, self aggrandizement, and several decades between the occurrence of the events and the writing of the book, this is an excellent look into the Spanish Conquest of Mexico. While this book is to be taken with a large grain of salt it does reveal the insane, if perhaps embellished, hardships that befell the Spaniards in conquering the Aztec empire. This is not to say that I feel that the Spaniard's efforts were noble or brave. I do feel however that as the head of...more

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Apr 10, 2009

Kevin rated it

An eye-opening, first hand account of an explorer turned soldier in Cortes' rag-tag army. Listen to an eye-witness account of the events that transpired when a small group of Spaniards depart from Cuba on a weakly funded coastal exploration and end up conquering and claiming more land and wealth for the Spanish Crown than anyone in history. It is mostly a military history and the prose is that of a grunt. It's merit lies in the matter-of-fact description and the absence of poetic license. Howeve...more

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Feb 10, 2012

Derek rated it

Díaz is no journalist and no historian, and he wrote years after the fact apparently to refute the statements of other written accounts, and as a result this tale proceeds beginning to end as an extremely literal and weirdly detailed account, with more weight given to the number of horsemen sent on a particular attack than to his impressions of Aztec culture and the strange land the Spanish find themselves in. It is gracelessly written, with little eye for summation or high-level organization o...more

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Oct 26, 2008

Barclay rated it

· review of another edition

Barclay W. Conrad
Book: "The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico 1517-1521" by Bernal Diaz del Castillo
Edited from the only exact copy of the original MS Published by Farrar, Straus and Cudahy 1956
Library of Congress No. 56-5758

This book was acquired from my Mother's estate after her death on August 10, 2008.

My interest in it was stimulated by the first-person narration of evidence that supports the origin of the "Book of Mormon", t...more Barclay W. Conrad
Book: "The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico 1517-1521" by Bernal Diaz del Castillo
Edited from the only exact copy of the original MS Published by Farrar, Straus and Cudahy 1956
Library of Congress No. 56-5758

This book was acquired from my Mother's estate after her death on August 10, 2008.

My interest in it was stimulated by the first-person narration of evidence that supports the origin of the "Book of Mormon", the book which was translated by Joseph Smith and published in 1827, and the basis for the testimony of the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.

The circumstances of the original Author is that he was a member of the original party of spanish adventurers and explorers led by Hernando Cortes, which had been loosely commissioned by the Governor of Cuba, and established settlements in the name of the King of Spain and of Jesus Christ and his Mother, the Blessed Mother. The original party of spaniards numbered no more than 1000, transported in 18 ships. Due to dissension in the ranks of his leadership for Cortes to lead the troops into Mexico, Cortes had the ships destroyed to avoid mutineers sailing back to Cuba. During the span of four years which are related for the conquest of Mexico's primary and strongest civilization, some facts stand out.
1) The greatest force which enabled this conquest over a people which numbered in the millions was not the superiority of the force of arms of this pitifully small group of spaniards, but the incredible leadership and personal testimony of Cortes to the Caciques (leaders) of the Indian people, of the saviorship of Jesus Christ over them, if they would accept the savior and give up the practice of cannibalism and sacrifice to pagan gods, and accept an alliance with the invading Spanish.
2) The ancestors of the indian people had definitely passed down an oral tradition that their people would be visited by a bearded white people who would come from the East, preach the Gospel to them, and rule over them. Though there is plenty of initial fighting among the people against the invaders, once a verbal translation and communication is established by Cortes, for the most part alliances follow, firmly cemented by ceasing to practice sacrifice and cannibalism of human beings, allowing the cross of the savior to prevail over their pagan gods, and establishing family connections by giving of their daughters, converted to Christianity, to the spanish to bear children (admitedly as concubines), which accounts for the tremendous interbreeding of spanish and indian blood in present-day Mexico.
3) Although the war technology of the spaniards is superior to the indians, (gunpowder for artillary and fusilliers, crossbows, iron swords and armor, horses and cavalry movements) this does not really account for the incredible change of regime over only a very short number of years. One can only admit that the God of Jesus Christ did aid this small group of warlike Christians to bring about a vast change and knowledge of the Savior in a significant step toward preparation for the fullness of the Gospel to come forth in the latter days.
4) The reaction of the Indians to horses brought over by the spaniards gives great credance to the fact that horses were not then known to the Indians on the American continent. This more or less is in conflict with the descriptions of the Book of Mormon, which describe horses as beasts of burden, along with a number of other unknown creatures, described as "curoloms and Cumoms".
5) Descriptions of the destruction of an original Christ-led civilization in America by the descent of the nephite people into wickedness, to be destroyed by their distant relatives, the primitive and savage lamanites in 435 A.D. from the Book of Mormon have many resemblances from descriptions of the construction practices and temples as made by Sr. Diaz in his book.
This book is a solid, rough-and-tumble first person narrative, recited when Bernal Diaz was 84 years old in Honduras. At the time he was deaf and blind, but fully sentient to bring forth such vivid memories of the period. The 478 pages include introductions to historical research, maps of the relevant areas of Mexico and Mexico City, and some historical speculations, including some corroboration from Cortes' accounts. I would include a recommendation that it moves along with a quick and lively pace, and includes many accounts of human peccadillios, which do not really detract from the wonders of the actual events. It receives a 3 out of 4 rating, the only real detraction being that it is a long account with distracting interpretations and many footnotes.

Bart Conrad

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Oct 12, 2008

LonewolfMX Luna rated it

Recommends it for: Those interested in Mexico's History

Recommended to LonewolfMX by: Professor Abdiel Onate

Read this book in Professor Onate's Mexican History, which was a written account by Bernal Diaz one of the original Conquistadores that helped Hernan Cortes conquer the Aztec Empire. Was written during Diaz's final years before he died.

This book supposedly chronicles the "adventures" the Spaniards had before and during the conquest in which they would deel with the hostility of the other Mexican tribes as well as their Zealous attempts to convert the natives to Christianity...more

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Apr 20, 2008

Marty rated it

Bernal Diaz was Cortez's scribe and this tome is the amazing, first hand account of the expedition that found the Conquistadores on a foreign and unknown shore and took them through a continent. This continent was full of dangerous obstacles, not the least of which were treacherous terrian and the fierce, superstitious indigenous tribes. The trail eventually lead to the ultimate showdown with Montezuma himself.

The trail starts with Cortez burning their fleet upon arrival. A clear...more

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Sep 01, 2008

Cary rated it

This book is one of my all time favorites. Bernal Diaz Castillo was a Spanish soldier/sailor who was traveling to Venezuela when they were blown of course and landed in Yucatan. They Spanish were entirely unaware there was land to the west of them across the Gulf of Mexico. There they saw the first evidence of civilization in the New World. Violently attacked by the Mayans they were forced to leave. But the news was out that there were new lands to the west. He was recruited by Cortez as a gu...more

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Apr 01, 2009

Stig rated it

· review of another edition

This is an abbreviated edition of Bernal Diaz' account of the conquest of Mexico, and perhaps I should be grateful for that, as one of my friends claims that the complete edition is rather boring. I'll write him off as an ignoramus, though - this is a very interesting eye-witness account of a pivotal moment in Western history. Apart from all the historical content, fascinating as it is, two things struck me, namely that the whole conquest seemed to be very much a freelance effort on Cortes' part...more

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Jul 04, 2011

Joel Trout rated it

Shelves: adventure-travel, mesoamerica

You can't beat the story of the Spanish encounter and conquest of the Aztecs told from a man who was in the very center of it! He tells his story as a humble soldier, without the vainglorious style you could expect from someone of a higher rank. I'll never forget the chapter where they see Mexico City below them in the valley for the first time, and are astonished at the wonderful breathtaking scale of it.

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May 01, 2011

Geoff Cain rated it

I feel like a twit. I am reading this because it is on the reading list for Herzog's Rogue Film School. I would not go to the film school (I am a wolf of the steppes). This is an interesting book to read though because you get an inside look at what people thought they were doing in the Americas. There are reviewers at Amazon.Com from Mexico that think Diaz is a Catholic hero.

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Aug 05, 2011

L. rated it

Shelves: non-fiction

I was surprised at how easy it was to read this book. I mean, for me, books written at this time are so full of flowery prose, references to people and things I'm not familiar with, and hard to get at what the author is trying to say. But Castillo is clear, concise and to the point about this absolutely fascinating, world-changing adventure.

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Apr 20, 2011

George rated it

I absolutely loved this first-hand account of Cortes' conquest of Mexico. It's been awhile since I read something that made me say, "That's a primary source," just like back in the day when I studied History. It's not well-written, repetitive and incredibly pedantic yet so rich with detail at times I couldn't put it down.

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Aug 02, 2011

Steve Blanchette rated it

An amazing first hand account of the conquest of New Spain! Can be a little dry at times, and Diaz does get bogged down with names here and there, but overall a great read! When you think that an expedition that started with 500-700 men conquered the huge Mexican empire you can do nothing but read in awe!

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Dec 28, 2008

Jeff rated it

Vivid and compelling in a way historical chronicles from that age seldom are; puts you smack in the 16th century with hypnotic, dreamlike yet immediate sequences that Werner Herzog or Terence Malick, in their best moments, would be hard-pressed to match.

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Dec 22, 2008

Robert Moreno rated it

Shelves: anthropology, latin-america, favorites

Enthralling first-hand account of the Conquest. The unique story of one of the oddest, and unfortunate, cultural encounters in human history. Simple, but descriptive, prose - it reads like a novel. I've read 2 different translations and this one is the best.

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Feb 17, 2008

Gavin rated it

Bernal Diaz relates his experiences with Hernando Cortes in the early part of the 16th century. A straightforward soldier's account of the Spanish conquest of Mexico and environs. First hand accounts are for me every time where available. New Spain seems to encompass Central America (mostly Mexico) and much of the Spanish Caribbean (Cuba etc.). The Spaniards that conquered much of America are given somewhat of a hard press these days, but for their time and even with the superior weaponry, they ...more

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May 24, 2010

Steve Rangoussis rated it

Recommends it for: History buffs, anyone interested in the conquest

Recommended to Steve by: History professor

This is a primary source document written by a Spanish conquistador that lived through the conquest with Cortez. It is very telling and offers a perspective that the history books tend to leave out.

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Dec 12, 2009

Takipsilim rated it

The greatest conquest in history. What Cortes and his Conquistadors went through, what they accomplished, and the heroism of the Aztecs in defending their culture and land is an epic for all time.

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Apr 15, 2009

Harley rated it

Shelves: memoir

Great first hand account of the Cortes invasion of Mexico by someone who was there.
This is a must read for anyone interested in the Spanish conquest of what is now Mexico.

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Apr 10, 2009

Pablo19 rated it

An incredible tale, a lot of information with an awesome narrative. Really gives insight into how conquistadors experienced the conquest of TenochTitlan and the towns surrounding.

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Jul 22, 2011

Yann rated it

· review of another edition

Shelves: renaissance, amérique-latine, exploration, espagne

L'incroyable conquête du Mexique par une poignée de conquistadors espagnols racontée par l'un d'entre eux. Fabuleux

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Mar 25, 2008

Jamie Paul rated it

Shelves: historical-reads

What an amazing firsthand account of Cortes' march into Mexico. I read this tale in preparation for writing the sequel to my first novel: Where The Birds Go When It Rains. Bernal Diaz del Castillo's work is over 400 years old! While reading his personal account of the hardships encountered by the Spaniards, he had me believing the history books were wrong -- Cortes and his men could not have possibly succeeded in their conquest of the Aztecs. If you like like to read about historical events ...more

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Nov 17, 2011

Austin Briggs rated it

What a wonderful, insightful, and rich account! Loved it, and have read it many times over.

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Apr 11, 2011

Leah rated it

Shelves: for-school

Great record, but must be read with Nahua accounts like Broken Spears.

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Sep 12, 2009

Linda rated it

Shelves: non-fiction

An excellent history of Spain into the late 1990's. Recommended for anyone who will be travelling to Spain and would like to be brought up to speed in more recent Spanish history. Readable.

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About Bernal Díaz del Castillo

Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 – ca. 1580) was a conquistador, who wrote an eyewitness account of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards under Hernán Cortés, himself serving as a rodelero under Cortés. Born in Medina del Campo (Spain), he came from a family of little wealth and he himself had received only a minimal education. He sailed to Tierra Firme in 1514 to make his fortune, but after two y...moreBernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 – ca. 1580) was a conquistador, who wrote an eyewitness account of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards under Hernán Cortés, himself serving as a rodelero under Cortés. Born in Medina del Campo (Spain), he came from a family of little wealth and he himself had received only a minimal education. He sailed to Tierra Firme in 1514 to make his fortune, but after two years found few opportunities there. Much of the native population had already been killed by epidemics and there was political unrest. So he sailed to Cuba, where he was promised a grant of Indian slaves. But that promise was never fulfilled, leading Díaz, in 1517, to join an expedition being organized by a group of about 110 fellow settlers from Tierra Firme and similarly disaffected Spaniards. They chose Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, a wealthy Cuban landowner, to lead the expedition. It was a difficult venture, and although they discovered the Yucatán coast, by the time the expedition returned to Cuba they were in disastrous shape.

Nevertheless, Díaz returned to the coast of Yucatán the following year, on an expedition led by Juan de Grijalva, with the intent of exploring the newly discovered lands. Upon returning to Cuba, he enlisted in a new expedition, this one led by Hernán Cortés. In this third effort, Díaz took part in one of the legendary military campaigns of history, bringing an end to the Aztec empire in Mesoamerica. During this campaign, Díaz spoke frequently with his companions in arms about their experiences, collecting them into a coherent narration. The book that resulted from this was Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (English: The True History of the Conquest of New Spain). In it he describes many of the 119 battles in which he claims to have participated, culminating in the fall of the Aztec Empire in 1521.

As a reward for his service, Díaz was appointed governor of Santiago de los Caballeros, present-day Antigua Guatemala. He began writing his history in 1568, almost fifty years after the events described, in response to an alternative history written by Cortés's chaplain, who had not actually participated in the campaign. He called his book the Historia Verdadera ("True History"), in response to the claims made in the earlier work.

Díaz died in 1585, without seeing his book published. A manuscript was found in a Madrid library in 1632 and finally published, providing an eye-witness account of the events, often told from the perspective of a common soldier. Today it is one of the most important sources in understanding the campaign that led to the collapse of the Aztec Empire and the Spanish conquest of Mexico.(less)

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