<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<GoodreadsResponse>
	<Request>
		<authentication>false</authentication>
		    <method><![CDATA[]]></method>
	</Request>
	<author>
  
  <id>99126</id>
  <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
  <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
  <fans_count type="integer">0</fans_count>
  <followers_count type="integer">0</followers_count>
  <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
  <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
  <about><![CDATA[]]></about>
  <influences><![CDATA[]]></influences>
  <gender>male</gender>
  <hometown></hometown>
  <born_at>1944/05/22</born_at>
  <died_at></died_at>
  
  <books>
        <book>
  <id type="integer">647492</id>
  <isbn>0060995068</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780060995065</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">66</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1176725021m/647492.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1176725021s/647492.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/647492.Ordinary_Men_Reserve_Police_Battalion_101_and_the_Final_Solution_in_Poland</link>
  <average_rating>3.97</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>492</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[The shocking account of how a unit of average middle-aged Germans became the cold-blooded murderers of tens of thousands of Jews.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1992</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">170151</id>
  <isbn>0803259794</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780803259799</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/170151.The_Origins_of_the_Final_Solution_The_Evolution_of_Nazi_Jewish_Policy_September_1939_March_1942</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>17</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;div&gt;In 1939, the Nazi regime&#8217;s plans for redrawing the demographic map of Eastern Europe entailed the expulsion of millions of Jews. By the fall of 1941, these plans had shifted from expulsion to systematic and total mass murder of all Jews within the Nazi grasp. <em>The Origins of the Final Solution</em> is the most detailed and comprehensive analysis ever written of what took place during this crucial period&#8212;of how, precisely, the Nazis&#8217; racial policies evolved from persecution and &#8220;ethnic cleansing&#8221; to the Final Solution of the Holocaust. <br/><br/>Focusing on the months between the German conquest of Poland in September 1939&#8211;which brought nearly two million additional Jews under Nazi control&#8212;and the beginning of the deportation of Jews to the death camps in the spring of 1942, Christopher R. Browning describes how Poland became a laboratory for experiments in racial policies, from expulsion and decimation to ghettoization and exploitation under local occupation authorities. He reveals how the subsequent attack on the Soviet Union opened the door for an immense radicalization of Nazi Jewish policy&#8212;and marked the beginning of the Final Solution. Meticulously documenting the process that led to this fatal development, Browning shows that Adolf Hitler was the key decision-maker throughout, approving major escalations in Nazi persecution of the Jews at victory-induced moments of euphoria. Thoroughly researched and lucidly written, this groundbreaking work provides an essential chapter in the history of the Holocaust.<br/><br/>&lt;/div&gt;]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2003</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">701316</id>
  <isbn>0521558786</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780521558785</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution (Canto original series)]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1177407562m/701316.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1177407562s/701316.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/701316.The_Path_to_Genocide_Essays_on_Launching_the_Final_Solution</link>
  <average_rating>4.25</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>4</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[The Nazi Holocaust haunts the modern imagination as one of the most compelling examples of the human capacity for organized atrocity on a mass scale.  This authoritative account of the evolution of Nazi Jewish policy from 1939 to 1942 seeks to answer some of the fundamental questions about what actually happened and why, between the outbreak of war and the emergence of the Final Solution.  Christopher Browning's account assesses the historians' interpretations and offers his own insights, based on detailed case studies that uncovered important and telling new evidence.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1995</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">2243331</id>
  <isbn>0737711183</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780737711189</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[A History of the Third Reich]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2243331.A_History_of_the_Third_Reich</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>2</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2002</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">282819</id>
  <isbn>0299189848</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780299189846</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Collected Memories: Holocaust History and Post-War Testimony (George L. Mosse Series in Modern European Cultural and Intellectual History)]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173401673m/282819.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173401673s/282819.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/282819.Collected_Memories_Holocaust_History_and_Post_War_Testimony</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[    Christopher R. Browning addresses some of the most heated controversies that have arisen from the use of postwar testimony: Hannah Arendt&#8217;s uncritical acceptance of Adolf Eichmann&#8217;s self-portrayal in Jerusalem; the conviction of Ivan Demjanuk (accused of being Treblinka death camp guard &quot;Ivan the Terrible&quot;) on the basis of survivor testimony and its subsequent reversal by the Israeli Supreme Court; the debate in Poland sparked by Jan Gross&#8217;s use of both survivor and communist courtroom testimony in his book <em>Neighbors</em>; and the conflict between Browning himself and Daniel Goldhagen, author of Hitler&#8217;s <em>Willing Executioners</em>, regarding methodology and interpretation in the use of pre-trial testimony.<br/>    Despite these controversies and challenges, Browning delineates the ways in which the critical use of such problematic sources can provide telling evidence for writing Holocaust history. He examines and discusses two starkly different sets of &quot;collected memories&quot;&#8212;the voluminous testimonies of notorious Holocaust perpetrator Adolf Eichmann and the testimonies of 175 survivors of an obscure complex of factory slave labor camps in the Polish town of Starachowice.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2003</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">282818</id>
  <isbn>052177490X</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780521774901</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173401673m/282818.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1173401673s/282818.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/282818.Nazi_Policy_Jewish_Workers_German_Killers</link>
  <average_rating>3.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers focuses on controversial issues in current Holocaust scholarship. How did Nazi Jewish policy evolve during the first years of the war? When did the Nazi regime cross the historic watershed from population expulsion and decimation (&quot;ethnic cleansing&quot;) to total and systematic extermination? How did Nazi authorities attempt to reconcile policies of expulsion and extermination with the wartime urge to exploit Jewish labor? How were Jewish workers impacted? What role did local authorities play in shaping Nazi policy? What more can we learn about the mindset and behavior of the local perpetrators? Using new evidence, this book attempts to shed light on these important questions.  Christopher R. Browning is the Frank Porter Graham Professor of History at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. He is the author of The Path to Genocide (Cambridge University Press 1992) and Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, which received the Jewish National Book Award.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2000</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">6592732</id>
  <isbn nil="true"></isbn>
  <isbn13 nil="true"></isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Every Day Lasts A Year: A Jewish Family's Correspondence from Poland]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6592732-every-day-lasts-a-year</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>0</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Author Richard Hollander was devastated when his parents were killed in an automobile accident in 1986.  While rummaging through their attic, he discovered letters from a family he never knew -- his father's mother, three sisters, and their husbands and children.  The letters, neatly stacked in a briefcase, were written from Krakow, Poland, between 1939 and 1942.  They depict day-to-day life under the most extraordinary pain and stress.  At the same time, Richard's father, Joseph Hollander, was fighting the United States government to avoid deportation and death.  Richard was astounded to learn that his father saved the lives of many Polish Jews, but -- despite heroic efforts -- could not save his family.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>2864018</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Richard S. Hollander]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2864018.Richard_S_Hollander]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.11</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>9</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>5</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>134154</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Nechama Tec]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/134154.Nechama_Tec]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.59</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>233</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>81</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2007</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">5042229</id>
  <isbn>0841909679</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780841909670</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Fateful Months: Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5042229.Fateful_Months_Essays_on_the_Emergence_of_the_Final_Solution</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>0</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1985</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">2243329</id>
  <isbn>3801250245</isbn>
  <isbn13>9783801250249</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Der Weg zur 'Endlösung']]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-111x148.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://www.goodreads.com/images/nocover-60x80.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2243329.Der_Weg_zur_Endl_sung_</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>0</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1998</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">496126</id>
  <isbn>3100052102</isbn>
  <isbn13>9783100052100</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Judenmord. NS- Politik, Zwangsarbeit und das Verhalten der Täter.]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1175228435m/496126.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1175228435s/496126.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/496126.Judenmord_NS_Politik_Zwangsarbeit_und_das_Verhalten_der_T_ter_</link>
  <average_rating>0.0</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>0</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[ Unter dem prägnanten Titel <em>Judenmord</em> greift der Historiker Christopher R. Browning drei Themenkomplexe auf, die im Zentrum der derzeitigen Holocaust-Forschung stehen:<br/> 1. Die Entscheidungsfindung und die politischen Weichenstellungen im Nervenzentrum des NS-Regimes, die zur so genannten &quot;Endlösung&quot; führten; 2. der pragmatische und vorübergehende Einsatz jüdischer Arbeitskräfte und die daraus resultierenden Folgen für diejenigen unter den Opfern, deren Lebensfrist dadurch um eine begrenzte Zeit verlängert wurde; und 3. die Einstellungen, Motivationen und Wandlungen der &quot;gewöhnlichen&quot; Deutschen, die die Vernichtungspolitik an Ort und Stelle vollstreckten.<p>  Bis heute ist der genaue Zeitpunkt umstritten, an dem die endgültige Entscheidung zur Vernichtung der europäischen Juden fiel. Browning hält den Oktober 1941 für das entscheidende Datum. Damals signalisierte Hitler sein Einverständnis, die Juden zu Vernichtungszentren im Osten zu transportieren. Ein ausdrücklicher Befehl war dazu nicht erforderlich. <em>Himmler</em> wusste, was von ihm erwartet wurde und machte sich unverzüglich daran, die alptraumhaften Visionen seines &quot;Führers&quot; in die Tat umzusetzen.<p>  Vor Ort waren es die &quot;ganz normalen Männer&quot;, die das Mordprogramm vollzogen. Doch wie Browning bereits in seiner richtungsweisenden Studie zum Reserve-Polizeibataillon 101 herausarbeitete, bildeten die Täter keine homogene Gruppe. Vielmehr gab es einen maßgeblichen &quot;harten Kern&quot; ideologischer Überzeugungstäter, unterstützt von der Masse der Mitläufer, die sich zu Werkzeugen der Vernichtungspolitik machen ließen. Lediglich eine Minderheit von 10 bis 20 Prozent entzog sich der direkten Beteiligung an Mordaktionen, stellte das Morden aber nicht infrage. Ihr Nichtmitmachen wurde toleriert und hatte keine disziplinarischen Folgen. Offenen Protest wagten aber nur die Wenigsten, und diese hatten mit scharfen Gegenreaktionen zu rechnen.<p>  Einen &quot;harten Kern&quot; ebenso mordwilliger wie ehrgeiziger Täter und das Mitläufertum der &quot;gewöhnlichen Deutschen&quot; -- mehr brauchte es nicht, um den extremsten Völkermord in der Geschichte der Menschheit zu inszenieren. <em>--Stephan Fingerle</em></p></p></p>]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>99126</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Christopher R. Browning]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-M-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/99126.Christopher_R_Browning]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.93</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>576</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>74</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2001</published>
</book>

      <books>
</author>
</GoodreadsResponse>