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  <id>8527</id>
  <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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  <books>
        <book>
  <id type="integer">926475</id>
  <isbn>1559635908</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781559635905</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">5</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Coming Home to the Pleistocene]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/926475.Coming_Home_to_the_Pleistocene</link>
  <average_rating>4.42</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>12</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[ <p>&quot;When we grasp fully that the best expressions of our humanity were not invented by civilization but by cultures that preceded it, that the natural world is not only a set of constraints but of contexts within which we can more fully realize our dreams, we will be on the way to a long overdue reconciliation between opposites which are of our own making.&quot; --from Coming Home to the Pleistocene</p><p>Paul Shepard was one of the most profound and original thinkers of our time. Seminal works like The Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game, Thinking Animals, and Nature and Madness introduced readers to new and provocative ideas about humanity and its relationship to the natural world. Throughout his long and distinguished career, Paul Shepard returned repeatedly to his guiding theme, the central tenet of his thought: that our essential human nature is a product of our genetic heritage, formed through thousands of years of evolution during the Pleistocene epoch, and that the current subversion of that Pleistocene heritage lies at the heart of today's ecological and social ills.</p><p>Coming Home to the Pleistocene provides the fullest explanation of that theme. Completed just before his death in the summer of 1996, it represents the culmination of Paul Shepard's life work and constitutes the clearest, most accessible expression of his ideas. Coming Home to the Pleistocene pulls together the threads of his vision, considers new research and thinking that expands his own ideas, and integrates material within a new matrix of scientific thought that both enriches his original insights and allows them to be considered in a broader context of current intellectual controversies. In addition, the book explicitly addresses the fundamental question raised by Paul Shepard's work: What can we do to recreate a life more in tune with our genetic roots? In this book, Paul Shepard presents concrete suggestions for fostering the kinds of ecological settings and cultural practices that are optimal for human health and well-being.</p><p>Coming Home to the Pleistocene is a valuable book for those familiar with the life and work of Paul Shepard, as well as for new readers seeking an accessible introduction to and overview of his thought.</p> ]]>
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    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1998</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1607092</id>
  <isbn>0820319805</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780820319803</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">1</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Nature and Madness]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1607092.Nature_and_Madness</link>
  <average_rating>4.38</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>8</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Does any species other than the human befoul its nest, destroy the habitat on which it depends? Strangely, yes; such shortsightedness happens in the natural world all the time. But no species does so with as much conscious awareness, a matter that fascinated the philosopher Paul Shepard. In <em>Nature and Madness</em> he examines the human animal in relation to the natural environment, showing the kinds of psychic disjunctions and troubles that have developed over the generations that humans have been seeking to distance themselves from the world. Shepard locates the source of much of those troubles in the invention of agriculture, an act that gave humans the false idea that nature can be controlled and micromanaged in every detail--an idea that has found modern fruit in such things as dam-building and genetic engineering. Environmental destruction, writes Shepard, is a &quot;mutilation of personal maturity,&quot; a failure of emotional development; continuing the metaphor, he adds that &quot;the only society more frightful than one run by children ... might be one run by childish adults.&quot;  Shepard calls on his readers to establish a meaningful, mature connection with the earth, to cultivate a sense of stewardship and responsibility. It is a welcome call. <em>--Gregory McNamee</em>]]>
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<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1998</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1640911</id>
  <isbn>1559634340</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781559634342</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">3</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Others: How Animals Made Us Human]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1186223636m/1640911.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1186223636s/1640911.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1640911.The_Others_How_Animals_Made_Us_Human</link>
  <average_rating>4.12</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>8</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Paul Shepard was an ecologist with a Yale Ph.D. who spent more than 40 years studying human evolution. With <em>The Others: How Animals Made Us Human</em> Shepard, who died in 1996, wrote a masterful book about the relationship we've always had with animals. The idea behind the book, that humans have always depended on animals, and that the dependence has greatly affected what we are, seems simple at first. But Shepard combined prodigious scholarship with eloquent writing to produce a very entertaining and informative look at that special relationship. Among the topics covered in <em>The Others</em> are the role animals have played in myth and folklore, the uses to which humans have put animals, and even the role of animals in the cartoons of Gary Larson.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1997</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1043480</id>
  <isbn>082032440X</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780820324401</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Man in the Landscape: A Historic View of the Esthetics of Nature]]>
  </title>
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  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1043480.Man_in_the_Landscape_A_Historic_View_of_the_Esthetics_of_Nature</link>
  <average_rating>4.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>8</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[A pioneering exploration of the roots of our attitudes toward nature, Paul Shepard's most seminal work is as challenging and provocative today as when it first appeared in 1967. Man in the Landscape was among the first books of a new genre that has elucidated the ideas, beliefs, and images that lie behind our modern destruction and conservation of the natural world.   Departing from the traditional study of land use as a history of technology, this book explores the emergence of modern attitudes in literature, art, and architecture--their evolutionary past and their taproot in European and Mediterranean cultures. With humor and wit, Shepard considers the influence of Christianity on ideas of nature, the absence of an ethic of nature in modern philosophy, and the obsessive themes of dominance and control as elements of the modern mind. In his discussions of the exploration of the American West, the establishment of the first national parks, and the reactions of pioneers to their totally new habitat, he identifies the transport of traditional imagery into new places as a sort of cultural baggage.]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>2002</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1607084</id>
  <isbn>0871563967</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780871563965</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Only World We've Got: A Paul Shepard Reader]]>
  </title>
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  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1185801847s/1607084.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1607084.The_Only_World_We_ve_Got_A_Paul_Shepard_Reader</link>
  <average_rating>4.17</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>6</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[The philosopher and essayist Paul Shepard (1925-1996) brought to the environmental literature of the 1960s and '70s the political passion of the time, but a passion matched with a demand for scholarly precision. This anthology from his work, which Shepard himself assembled not long before his death, addresses themes he touched on in many of his books. Many of them deal in one way or another with the disastrous consequences of humankind's increasing detachment from the natural world as a by-product of &quot;the ecological insolence of the last century.&quot; In Shepard's view, the natural world--and particularly the world of animals--is the source of human intelligence and the wellspring of the imagination. He examines, for instance, the antiquity of the human eye, an organ essential to the cognitive revolution that distinguishes us from other primates; the origins of language and of literature in the imitation of birdsong; and the lessons animals of many species can teach us about ourselves. Shepard delves into environmental psychology, anatomy, history, linguistics, and a host of other topics to make his arguments, which are strikingly original. They have also been influential in shaping modern environmental philosophy, and this useful collection shows why that should be so. <em>--Gregory McNamee</em>]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1996</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">40093</id>
  <isbn>0820319813</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780820319810</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">1</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1169387050m/40093.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1169387050s/40093.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40093.The_Tender_Carnivore_and_the_Sacred_Game</link>
  <average_rating>3.80</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>5</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[&lt;DIV&gt;In what may be his boldest and most controversial book, Paul Shepard presents an account of human behavior and ecology in light of our past. In it, he contends that agriculture is responsible for our ecological decline and looks to the hunting and gathering lifestyle as a model more closely in tune with our essential nature. Shepard advocates affirming the profound and beautiful nature of the hunter and gatherer, redefining agriculture and combining technology with hunting and gathering to recover a livable environment and peaceful society.&lt;/DIV&gt;]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1973</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1703200</id>
  <isbn>1559635290</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781559635295</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Encounters with Nature: Essays By Paul Shepard]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1223623825m/1703200.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1223623825s/1703200.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1703200.Encounters_with_Nature_Essays_By_Paul_Shepard</link>
  <average_rating>4.67</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>3</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[Paul Shepard, an ecologist and writer who died in 1996, explored several themes in the course of a dozen-odd books that examine humanity's relationship with the natural world. One of them was the role of wildlife, and especially of large predators, in the shaping of the human intelligence; our language, he observes, is shot through with metaphorical references to animals that recognize those creatures as &quot;the middle ground between us and the nonliving world.&quot;  Another common theme is the profoundly dislocating psychic effects that industrial culture's divorce from nature have had on us all. The destruction of identity, the refusal to recognize our animal selves has, Shepard believed, fueled all manner of neuroses and psychoses at the individual and group levels.<p> <em>Encounters with Nature</em>, a gathering of essays either unpublished, delivered as lectures, or issued in obscure academic journals, reiterates these themes. Some of Shepard's essays offer a defense of hunting, an activity that, he believed, &quot;may benefit the stability of the natural community&quot; and that connects its practitioners to the rhythms of life and death; controversial at the time they were written, these pieces can still provoke considerable debate. Other essays examine the place of animals such as wolves and, particularly, bears in the ecological imagination. All are joined by a common sensibility, one that insists that we can reverse our course and undo some of the damage we have wrought on the natural world. &quot;The development of a mature identity,&quot; he writes, &quot;inevitably reaches out to all things, to the growth of an organic relationship in thought as well as fact.&quot; Shepard's determined defense of the wild--by which he means the community of all species--offers food for thought with every page. <em>--Gregory McNamee</em></p>]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1999</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1107890</id>
  <isbn>0820319821</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780820319827</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Thinking Animals: Animals and the Development of Human Intelligence]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1181064757m/1107890.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1181064757s/1107890.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1107890.Thinking_Animals_Animals_and_the_Development_of_Human_Intelligence</link>
  <average_rating>3.67</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>3</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[What can animals teach humans? Everything, writes the environmental philosopher Paul Shepard, and he's not being hyperbolic. In Shepard's view, it was through the observation and emulation of animals that humans developed their abilities to communicate. The development of the brain and larynx depended on accidents of biology, on bipedalism and upright posture.  But more, their development both hinged on and reinforced the desire of humans to communicate with each other, and to members of other species, about their existence in the world; as Shepard writes of one particular human mental skill, &quot;grouping and categorizing is not something done by children simply because their biology requires it, but because the real animal world of each child is to be his concrete model of reality.&quot; The natural world, in other words, teaches us to think.<p> All human culture, in Shepard's view, rests on our natural history, and the separation that has occurred over the generations between humans and the natural environment is to our detriment. Shepard imagines a future in which animals no longer have a place, their role in the world having been assumed by human inventions. Scholarly without ever being pedantic, Shepard offers a powerful argument for conservation and preservation. <em>Thinking Animals</em>, like many of Shepard's books, has come to be a key text in the literature of the animal rights movement and of environmentalism generally, and it is endlessly stimulating. <em>--Gregory McNamee</em></p>]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1998</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">1150497</id>
  <isbn>0670151335</isbn>
  <isbn13>9780670151332</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[The Sacred Paw: The Bear in Nature, Myth, and Literature]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1250035902m/1150497.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1250035902s/1150497.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1150497.The_Sacred_Paw_The_Bear_in_Nature_Myth_and_Literature</link>
  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>2</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[]]>
  </description>
<authors>
    <author>
    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8527.Paul_Shepard]]></link>
    <average_rating>4.16</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>61</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>10</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
    <author>
    <id>78561</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Barry Sanders]]></name>
    <image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-200x266.jpg]]></image_url>
    <small_image_url><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/images/nophoto/nophoto-U-50x66.jpg]]></small_image_url>
    <link><![CDATA[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/78561.Barry_Sanders]]></link>
    <average_rating>3.65</average_rating>
    <ratings_count>52</ratings_count>
    <text_reviews_count>11</text_reviews_count>
  </author>
  </authors>  <published>1985</published>
</book>

        <book>
  <id type="integer">123621</id>
  <isbn>1559634316</isbn>
  <isbn13>9781559634311</isbn13>
  <text_reviews_count type="integer">0</text_reviews_count>
  <title>
    <![CDATA[Traces of an Omnivore]]>
  </title>
  <image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171856819m/123621.jpg</image_url>
  <small_image_url>http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1171856819s/123621.jpg</small_image_url>
  <link>http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/123621.Traces_of_an_Omnivore</link>
  <average_rating>5.00</average_rating>
  <ratings_count>1</ratings_count>
  <description>
    <![CDATA[<p>Paul Shepard is one of the most profound and original thinkers of our time. He has helped define the field of human ecology, and has played a vital role in the development of what have come to be known as environmental philosophy, ecophilosophy, and deep ecology-new ways of thinking about human-environment interactions that ultimately hold great promise for healing the bonds between humans and the natural world. Traces of an Omnivore presents a readable and accessible introduction to this seminal thinker and writer.<p>Throughout his long and distinguished career, Paul Shepard has addressed the most fundamental question of life: Who are we? An oft-repeated theme of his writing is what he sees as the central fact of our existence: that our genetic heritage, formed by three million years of hunting and gathering remains essentially unchanged. Shepard argues that this, &quot;our wild Pleistocene genome,&quot; influences everything from human neurology and ontogeny to our pathologies, social structure, myths, and cosmology.<p>While Shepard's writings travel widely across the intellectual landscape, exploring topics as diverse as aesthetics, the bear, hunting, perception, agriculture, human ontogeny, history, animal rights, domestication, post-modern deconstruction, tourism, vegetarianism, the iconography of animals, the Hudson River school of painters, human ecology, theoretical psychology, and metaphysics, the fundamental importance of our genetic makeup is the predominant theme of this collection.<p>As John S. Turner states in an eloquent and enlightening introduction, the essays gathered here &quot;address controversy with an intellectual courage uncommon in an age that exults the relativist, the skeptic, and the cynic. Perused with care they will reward the reader with a deepened appreciation of what we so casually denigrate as primitive life-the only life we have in the only world we will ever know.&quot;</p></p></p></p>]]>
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    <id>8527</id>
        <name><![CDATA[Paul Shepard]]></name>
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  </authors>  <published>1996</published>
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